The u Mhlatuzana, u Mbilo and a Manzimnyama river catchments located on the eastern seaboard of the Kwa Zulu-Natal province, South Africa, form the core of urbanization and industrialization, contributing the only nat...The u Mhlatuzana, u Mbilo and a Manzimnyama river catchments located on the eastern seaboard of the Kwa Zulu-Natal province, South Africa, form the core of urbanization and industrialization, contributing the only natural freshwater inflows to the Bayhead Canal portion of the Durban Harbour. In this study, seasonal discharges and physico–chemical water properties were used to quantitatively determine the material mass transport capacity of the river systems on the basis of hydrographic inputs and chemical loading from the surrounding land use sectors.The mass transport of the total dissolved solids(TDS),ammonia(NH_4), phosphorous(P), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca), copper(Cu), chromium(Cr), mercury(Hg), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), sulphur(S) and vanadium(V) was determined for each river. Results indicated that land use, seasonality and river flow were significant determinants for the material loading in the rivers and the receiving port waters. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of chemical fluxes indicated that industrial activity associated with the a Manzimnyama canal contributed the most, with regards to TDS, NH_4, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S and V, loading in both wet and dry seasons, as well as Al, Cu, Hg and Pb during the dry season. Similarly, industrial activity associated with the u Mbilo/u Mhlatuzana Canal at the lower reaches accounted for the highest P, Al, Cu and Pb fluxes in the wet season alone. Fluxes of these parameters are used to explain theobserved elemental concentrations and patterns of the receiving port waters of the Bayhead Canal.展开更多
In recent years,with the soaring development of its national strength,China has made the world hear its voice and gained strength in negotiations.However,China is still confronting huge pressure placed by the dominant...In recent years,with the soaring development of its national strength,China has made the world hear its voice and gained strength in negotiations.However,China is still confronting huge pressure placed by the dominant western countries.During the Durban Conference,three main groups,namely the EU(Europe Union),the Umbrella Group,and the Group of 77 and China,played important roles,among which China is outstanding but is bearing a huge corresponding pressure on carbon emission reduction.China must continue to reinforce the coordination among those emerging developing countries and strive for the status and negotiation rights it deserves.Since energy conservation and emissions reduction is a key component of China's strategy for sustainable development,China should consider the low-carbon economy as an opportunity for development,strongly promote the development of clean energy technology and occupy the international strategic highland of the world economy.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)for financial support during this study
文摘The u Mhlatuzana, u Mbilo and a Manzimnyama river catchments located on the eastern seaboard of the Kwa Zulu-Natal province, South Africa, form the core of urbanization and industrialization, contributing the only natural freshwater inflows to the Bayhead Canal portion of the Durban Harbour. In this study, seasonal discharges and physico–chemical water properties were used to quantitatively determine the material mass transport capacity of the river systems on the basis of hydrographic inputs and chemical loading from the surrounding land use sectors.The mass transport of the total dissolved solids(TDS),ammonia(NH_4), phosphorous(P), aluminum(Al), calcium(Ca), copper(Cu), chromium(Cr), mercury(Hg), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), sulphur(S) and vanadium(V) was determined for each river. Results indicated that land use, seasonality and river flow were significant determinants for the material loading in the rivers and the receiving port waters. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of chemical fluxes indicated that industrial activity associated with the a Manzimnyama canal contributed the most, with regards to TDS, NH_4, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S and V, loading in both wet and dry seasons, as well as Al, Cu, Hg and Pb during the dry season. Similarly, industrial activity associated with the u Mbilo/u Mhlatuzana Canal at the lower reaches accounted for the highest P, Al, Cu and Pb fluxes in the wet season alone. Fluxes of these parameters are used to explain theobserved elemental concentrations and patterns of the receiving port waters of the Bayhead Canal.
文摘In recent years,with the soaring development of its national strength,China has made the world hear its voice and gained strength in negotiations.However,China is still confronting huge pressure placed by the dominant western countries.During the Durban Conference,three main groups,namely the EU(Europe Union),the Umbrella Group,and the Group of 77 and China,played important roles,among which China is outstanding but is bearing a huge corresponding pressure on carbon emission reduction.China must continue to reinforce the coordination among those emerging developing countries and strive for the status and negotiation rights it deserves.Since energy conservation and emissions reduction is a key component of China's strategy for sustainable development,China should consider the low-carbon economy as an opportunity for development,strongly promote the development of clean energy technology and occupy the international strategic highland of the world economy.
