Graphical representation of groundwater major dissolved constituents greatly help researchers in understanding the hydro-chemical evolution, grouping and areal distribution. Durov diagram is one of the most widely use...Graphical representation of groundwater major dissolved constituents greatly help researchers in understanding the hydro-chemical evolution, grouping and areal distribution. Durov diagram is one of the most widely used technique but it requires a lot of tedious calculations. The DurovPlot program, which is used to plot the expanded Durov diagram as a graphical representation of groundwater major dissolved constituents is working on Disk Operating System （DOS） environment. Therefore, the need of a new program working under windows is a must. The program termed as DurovPwinis developed using Microsoft visual studio 2010. The DurovPwin program not only calculates the Durov coordinates and plot it, but also plots the total dissolved solids （TDS） on logarithmic scale and the measure of the activity of hydrogen ion （pH） of the given samples. The updated DurovPwin adds many features such as interface with Microsoft Office package （Word and Excel） to read the input chemical elements and automatically write result interpretation report. The user facility to group wells based on data features is added and the selection of the electric balance tolerance （10% as default） value is given. Another feature of the modified DurovPwinis has the ability to do useful X-Y plot for different hydro-chemical parameters to assist in data interpretation. The sodium adsorption ratio （SAR） is also calculated and written in the final report. Also, in the present study, the usability of the new version of DurovPwin program has been tested on the chemical data from 59 groundwater samples collected from A1-Jawf area, Saudi Arabia. The collected water samples were mainly from the Secondary-Tertiary-Quaternary （STQ） aquifer and some from Tawil and Jaufaquifers. The grouping of the major ions in the three aquifers have been displayed and presented using the DurovPwin program. The TDS values of Tawil aquifer ranges from 257.9 to 822.3 （2.4115 to 2.915） and for Jawf aquifer from 494.4 to 1,070 （2.6941 to 3.0294） and for STQ aquifer ranges from 399.5 to 9,861.8 （2.6015 to 3.994）. The pH for the three aquifers ranges from 7 to 7.9, 7.6 to 7.8 and 7.2 to 8.3, respectively.展开更多
Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries.The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination l...Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries.The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination level of groundwater caused by leachate in 11 villages of the Gautam Budh Nagar district in Uttar Pradesh,India.We systematically sampled 22 groundwater samples and 13 leachate samples to ascertain the source of pollution on groundwater quality.The standard analytical methods given by the American Public Health Association(APHA)(Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater,23rd edn.APHA,AWWA,WPCF,Washington,2017)were used for quantitative estimation of hydrochemical parameters of collected samples.The results of the analysis of groundwater samples indicate that pH values range from 7.31 to 8.97.The mean magnesium concentration in groundwater samples is 58.93±21.44 mg/L.Out of the groundwater samples taken,approximately 41%and 73%of samples analysis results have been found beyond the acceptable limit with respect to the parameters of turbidity and total dissolved solids,respectively,according to the Bureau of Indian Standards(Indian standard specification for drinking water(IS:10500).BIS,Manak Bhawan,New Delhi,2012)for drinking water.Around 95.4%of groundwater samples and 92.3%of leachate samples have high nitrate concentrations above the standard limit of BIS(45 mg/L),respectively.The Piper plot shows that 50%of the samples belong to the Ca^2+-Mg^2+-HCO3^-type.Ternary and Durov's diagrams indicate that the mean concentrations of ions are in the order of Na^+>Mg^2+>Ca^2+>K^+(for cations)and HCO3^->NO3^->C1^->SO42^->CO32^->F-(for anions)in groundwater of the study area.The spatial variation of the hydrochemical parameters shows that groundwater is heavily contaminated with respect to nitrate.Analytical results indicate that the groundwater of villages Achheja,Bisrakh road,Dujana,Badalpur and Sadopur is not suitable for drinking.展开更多
The main objective of the current research is to investigate the deterioration of groundwater quality due to the over-pumping in the coastal area of the Gaza Strip. One hundred and two (102) samples from 44 municipal ...The main objective of the current research is to investigate the deterioration of groundwater quality due to the over-pumping in the coastal area of the Gaza Strip. One hundred and two (102) samples from 44 municipal water wells in the Gaza Strip were collected and analyzed for major cations like, Ca2+ and Mg2+ by Titration, Na+ and K+ by Flame photometer;anions like, Cl- and HCO3- by Titration, NO3- by spectrophotometer and SO42- by turbidity meter. The groundwater in the region mainly consists of NaCl, CaHCO3-and NaHCO3-. The saline load of groundwater is in first place controlled by chloride, sodium and calcium concentrations. The spatial changes of ionic ratios of rCa2+/(rHCO3- +? rSO42-) and the relationship between sodium and chloride in the coastal area indicate that the aquifer experienced sea-water intrusion.展开更多
文摘Graphical representation of groundwater major dissolved constituents greatly help researchers in understanding the hydro-chemical evolution, grouping and areal distribution. Durov diagram is one of the most widely used technique but it requires a lot of tedious calculations. The DurovPlot program, which is used to plot the expanded Durov diagram as a graphical representation of groundwater major dissolved constituents is working on Disk Operating System （DOS） environment. Therefore, the need of a new program working under windows is a must. The program termed as DurovPwinis developed using Microsoft visual studio 2010. The DurovPwin program not only calculates the Durov coordinates and plot it, but also plots the total dissolved solids （TDS） on logarithmic scale and the measure of the activity of hydrogen ion （pH） of the given samples. The updated DurovPwin adds many features such as interface with Microsoft Office package （Word and Excel） to read the input chemical elements and automatically write result interpretation report. The user facility to group wells based on data features is added and the selection of the electric balance tolerance （10% as default） value is given. Another feature of the modified DurovPwinis has the ability to do useful X-Y plot for different hydro-chemical parameters to assist in data interpretation. The sodium adsorption ratio （SAR） is also calculated and written in the final report. Also, in the present study, the usability of the new version of DurovPwin program has been tested on the chemical data from 59 groundwater samples collected from A1-Jawf area, Saudi Arabia. The collected water samples were mainly from the Secondary-Tertiary-Quaternary （STQ） aquifer and some from Tawil and Jaufaquifers. The grouping of the major ions in the three aquifers have been displayed and presented using the DurovPwin program. The TDS values of Tawil aquifer ranges from 257.9 to 822.3 （2.4115 to 2.915） and for Jawf aquifer from 494.4 to 1,070 （2.6941 to 3.0294） and for STQ aquifer ranges from 399.5 to 9,861.8 （2.6015 to 3.994）. The pH for the three aquifers ranges from 7 to 7.9, 7.6 to 7.8 and 7.2 to 8.3, respectively.
文摘Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries.The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination level of groundwater caused by leachate in 11 villages of the Gautam Budh Nagar district in Uttar Pradesh,India.We systematically sampled 22 groundwater samples and 13 leachate samples to ascertain the source of pollution on groundwater quality.The standard analytical methods given by the American Public Health Association(APHA)(Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater,23rd edn.APHA,AWWA,WPCF,Washington,2017)were used for quantitative estimation of hydrochemical parameters of collected samples.The results of the analysis of groundwater samples indicate that pH values range from 7.31 to 8.97.The mean magnesium concentration in groundwater samples is 58.93±21.44 mg/L.Out of the groundwater samples taken,approximately 41%and 73%of samples analysis results have been found beyond the acceptable limit with respect to the parameters of turbidity and total dissolved solids,respectively,according to the Bureau of Indian Standards(Indian standard specification for drinking water(IS:10500).BIS,Manak Bhawan,New Delhi,2012)for drinking water.Around 95.4%of groundwater samples and 92.3%of leachate samples have high nitrate concentrations above the standard limit of BIS(45 mg/L),respectively.The Piper plot shows that 50%of the samples belong to the Ca^2+-Mg^2+-HCO3^-type.Ternary and Durov's diagrams indicate that the mean concentrations of ions are in the order of Na^+>Mg^2+>Ca^2+>K^+(for cations)and HCO3^->NO3^->C1^->SO42^->CO32^->F-(for anions)in groundwater of the study area.The spatial variation of the hydrochemical parameters shows that groundwater is heavily contaminated with respect to nitrate.Analytical results indicate that the groundwater of villages Achheja,Bisrakh road,Dujana,Badalpur and Sadopur is not suitable for drinking.
文摘The main objective of the current research is to investigate the deterioration of groundwater quality due to the over-pumping in the coastal area of the Gaza Strip. One hundred and two (102) samples from 44 municipal water wells in the Gaza Strip were collected and analyzed for major cations like, Ca2+ and Mg2+ by Titration, Na+ and K+ by Flame photometer;anions like, Cl- and HCO3- by Titration, NO3- by spectrophotometer and SO42- by turbidity meter. The groundwater in the region mainly consists of NaCl, CaHCO3-and NaHCO3-. The saline load of groundwater is in first place controlled by chloride, sodium and calcium concentrations. The spatial changes of ionic ratios of rCa2+/(rHCO3- +? rSO42-) and the relationship between sodium and chloride in the coastal area indicate that the aquifer experienced sea-water intrusion.
