Characteristics of dust distributions and dust control measures around road-header drivers in mining excavation roadways

In the present study,a numerical simulation method was adopted in order to examine the characteristics of dust dispersion during continuous dust release periods(CRP)and stop dust release periods(SRP).The purpose was to analyze the dust distributions and migration actions around road-header drivers in excavation roadways,and then determine effective dust control measures for underground coal mines.This study’s simulation results showed that the dust concentrations continuously increased,and then gradually reached a stability level during the CRP.During that time,the locations of the drivers were always at the intersection of the original migration dust and the backflow dust,and the drivers were invaded by these two strands dust.However,during the SRP,the dust concentrations gradually decreased under the actions of the roadway ventilation.Besides,obvious backflow phenomena were observed around the road-header during the SRP.The locations of the drivers were still within the backflow paths of the high dust concentrations.At the present time,dust separation and extraction systems have been implemented in coal mines,including vacuuming and air knife devices,which are designed to control the dust around the road-header drivers.The field applications of these systems were conducted in the 26 mechanized excavation faces of the Zhangcun Coal Mine.The results revealed that the use of these dust removal systems could effectively reduce the dust concentrations around the road-header drivers.In the present study,the dust removal rates during the CRP and SRP were determined to reach up to 88.7% and 94.6%,respectively.Therefore,the results of this research study provided effective theoretical guidance of the characteristics of dust distributions in coal mines,and introduced effective control methods for the hazardous dust concentrations around road-header drivers during the excavation process.

Dust distribution of solid and adhesive mixed dust in a granular bed filter

Granular bed filters can effectively filter adhesive dust in high-temperature flue gas.In this study.polyvinyl chloride(PVC)powder was used as adhesive dust,and the mixture of PVC and ash powder was used to simulate solid and adhesive mixed dust.The effects of gas temperature,velocity,and inlet adhesive dust mass content on dust distribution in granular bed(GBF)were discussed.Results show that the mixed dust mainly accumulates on the upper part of the granular bed,and the mass of the collected dust decreases exponentially from the upper layer to the bottom layer in the GBF.The adhesive dust content collected in each layer differs from that of the incoming dust,and their deviation varies approximately linearly along with the depth of the bed.The total dust distribution and adhesive dust content deviation are influenced by gas temperature and inlet adhesive dust content but independent of gas velocity.The correlations of dust distribution of solid and adhesive mixed dust are presented based on the experimental results.

Effects of dust size distribution on nonlinear waves in a dusty plasma

For two-dimensional unmagnetized dusty plasmas with many different dust grain species, a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili （KP） equation, a modified KP （mKP） equation and a coupled KP（cKP） equation for small, but finite amplitude dustacoustic solitary waves are obtained for different physical conditions respectively. The influence of an arbitrary dust size distribution described by a polynomial expressed function on the properties of dust-acoustic solitary waves is investigated numerically. How dust size distribution affects the sign and the magnitude of nonlinear coefficient A （D） of KP （mKP） equation is also discussed in detail. It is noted that whether a compressive or a rarefactive solitary wave exists depends on the dust size distribution in some dusty plasmas.

Linear and nonlinear excitations in complex plasmas with nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation and dust size distribution

Both linear and nonlinear excitation in dusty plasmas have been investigated including the nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation and Gaussian size distribution dust particles. A linear dispersion relation and a Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation governing the dust acoustic shock waves are obtained. The relevance of the instability of wave and the wave evolution to the dust size distribution and nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation is illustrated both analytically and numerically. The numerical results show that the Gaussian size distribution of dust particles and the nonadiabatic dust charge fluctuation have strong common influence on the propagation of both linear and nonlinear excitations.

Numerical Modeling of Dust Propagation in the Atmosphere of a City with Complex Terrain. The Case of Background Eastern Light Air

Micro-scale processes of dust distribution in the city of Tbilisi with very complex topography are modeled using a 3D regional model of atmospheric processes and numerical integration of the transport-diffusion equation of the impurity. The Terrain-following coordinate system is used to take into account the influence of a very complex relief on the process of atmospheric pollution. Modeling is carried out using horizontal grid steps of 300 m and 400 m along latitude and longitude, respectively. Cases of the stationary background eastern light air are considered. In the model, motor transport is considered as a nonstationary source of pollution from which dust is emitted into the atmosphere. Modeling of dust micro-scale diffusion process showed that the city air pollution depends on the spatial distribution of the main sources of city pollution, i.e. on vehicle traffic intensity, as well as on the spatial distribution of highways, and micro-orography of city and relief of the surrounding territories. It is shown that the dust pollution level in the surface layer of the atmosphere is minimal at 6 a.m. Ground-level concentration rapidly grows with the increase of vehicle traffic intensity and at 12 a.m. reaches maximum allowable concentration (MAC = 0.5 mg/m3) in the vicinity of central city mains. From 12 a.m. to 9 p.m. maximum dust concentration values are within the limits of 0.9 - 1.2 MAC. In the mentioned time interval formation of the high pollution zones, the slow growth of their areas and the value of ground-level concentrations take place. These zones are located in both central and peripheral parts of the city. Their disposition and area sizes depend on the spatial distribution of local wind-generated under the action of complex terrain, as well as on the processes of turbulent and advective dust transfer. From 9 p.m. to 24 p.m. reduction of dust pollution and ground-level concentration takes place. After midnight the city dust pollution process continues quasi-periodically.

Reduction of chromium oxides in stainless steel dust

The recovery of metal oxides from stainless steel dust using C（graphite）, SiFe, and Al as reductants was investigated under various conditions. The apparent distribution ratio of Cr（L Cr ′^m/s ） in the recovered metal and residual slag phases was defined as the major performance metric. The results show that the recovery ratio of metals increases as the ratio of CaO ：SiO2 by mass in the residual slag increases to 1.17. The residual content of metals in the slag decreases as the Al2O3 content of the slag is increased from approximately 8wt% to 10wt%. The recovery ratio of Cr increases with increasing L Cr ′^ m/s , and a linear relationship between L Cr ′^m/s and the activity coefficient ratio of CrO in the slag and the recovered metal phase is observed. The combination of C and SiFe or Al as the reducing agents reveals that Si is the more effective coreductant.

Effect of multicomponent dust grains in a cold quantum dusty plasma

By employing the quantum hydrodynamic model for electron ion dust plasma, we derive a dispersion relation of the quantum dusty plasma. The effects of the dust size distribution on the dispersion relation in a cold quantum dusty plasma are studied. Both analytical and numerical results are given to compare the differences between the dusty plasma by considering the dust size distribution and the mono-sized dusty plasma. It is shown that many system parameters can significantly influence the dispersion relation of the quantum dusty plasma.

Size and elemental composition of dry-deposited particles during a severe dust storm at a coastal site of Eastern China

Dry-deposited particles were collected during the passage of an extremely strong dust storm in March, 2010 at a coastal site in Qingdao（36.15°N, 120.49°E）, a city located in Eastern China. The size, morphology, and elemental composition of the particles were quantified with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray instrument（SEM–EDX）. The particles appeared in various shapes, and their size mainly varied from 0.4to 10 μm, with the mean diameters of 0.5, 1.5, and 1.0 μm before, during, and after the dust storm, respectively. The critical size of the mineral particles settling on the surface in the current case was about 0.3–0.4 μm before the dust storm and about 0.5–0.7 μm during the dust storm. Particles that appeared in high concentration but were smaller than the critical size deposited onto the surface at a small number flux. The elements Al, Si and Mg were frequently detected in all samples, indicating the dominance of mineral particles. The frequency of Al in particles collected before the dust storm was significantly lower than for those collected during and after the dust storm. The frequencies of Cl and Fe did not show obvious changes, while those of S, K and Ca decreased after the dust arrival. These results indicate that the dust particles deposited onto the surface were less influenced by anthropogenic pollutants in terms of particle number.