Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺杂CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)颜色可调荧光粉的制备与发光性能

本文采用高温固相法成功制备了一系列Eu^(3+)单掺和Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)单基质荧光粉。通过X射线衍射和发射光谱对荧光粉的物相及发光性能进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的样品均为四方结构,与基质晶体一致,表明成功合成了Eu^(3+)单掺和Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺杂的CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)荧光粉。在波长393 nm近紫外光激发下,Eu^(3+)∶CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)表现出Eu^(3+)的特征红光发射(5 D0→7 F2),并且发光纯度高达100%。共掺Dy^(3+)之后,Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)双掺CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)荧光粉不仅可以被波长393 nm的光激发还可以被波长348 nm的光激发。不管是哪个波长的光激发,Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)∶CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)发射光谱同时包含了Eu^(3+)的特征红光发射和Dy^(3+)的特征黄光发射(4 F_(9/2)→6 H_(13/2))。通过对发射谱和荧光寿命分析得出,双掺荧光粉中Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)之间存在有效的能量传递过程。进一步计算了各个样品对应的色坐标,结果表明当激发波长由348 nm改变为393 nm时,色坐标整体上从黄绿色区域移动到黄橙光区域。因此,Dy^(3+)/Eu^(3+)∶CaLaGa_(3)O_(7)是一种光色可调发光材料,在显示和固态照明方面具有良好的应用前景。

SrLaLiTeO_(6):Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究

白光发光二极管(LED)的商业合成方案缺少红光成分,导致合成的白光色温较高、显色性差,因此开发性能优异的单相暖白光荧光粉成为白光LED领域研究的重要课题。以Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)为掺杂剂,SrLaLiTeO_(6)(SLLT)为基质,采用固相反应法制备了SrLaLiTeO6:Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+)无机荧光粉,并通过X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计和色度坐标分析荧光粉的晶体结构及光学性能。结果表明:Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)成功进入SLLT晶体,无杂质产生;SLLT:0.07Dy^(3+),yEu^(3+)荧光粉在351 nm激发下能够同时发射蓝、黄、红光,证明了Dy^(3+)和Eu^(3+)之间存在能量传递,弥补了单掺Dy^(3+)荧光粉缺乏红色发射的缺陷;Eu^(3+)离子最佳掺杂浓度为0.05,此时的色度坐标为(0.391 9,0.380 9),色温为3 733 K,接近暖白光区域。因此,SrLaLiTeO_(6):Dy^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉是一种性能优异的暖白光LED荧光粉。

溶胶-凝胶法制备Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):Dy^(3+)白光发射荧光粉及其性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有白光发射的Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):x%Dy^(3+)荧光粉,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和荧光光谱等对产物的物相结构、形貌、组分和光学性能进行研究,并分析了Dy^(3+)掺杂量对样品的影响。XRD结果表明,所制备的样品为Dy^(3+)掺杂的Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9)单斜晶体和少量Ga_(2)O_(3)杂质相的混合物。紫外-可见漫反射光谱结果表明制备的Dy^(3+)掺杂Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9)晶体是一种光学带隙为5.29 eV的直接带隙半导体。荧光检测结果表明Dy^(3+)掺杂Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9)荧光粉可被属于Gd^(3+)激发带的275 nm紫外光有效激发,并在490 nm和575 nm附近分别发射出属于Dy^(3+)的^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(15/2)和^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)跃迁的蓝色和黄色的强烈光,证实在Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):Dy^(3+)样品中存在显著的由Gd^(3+)到Dy^(3+)的能量传递发光现象。同时,对其发光机制进行了讨论。样品的发光强度随着Dy^(3+)掺杂量的变化而变化,同时影响着样品的发光颜色,Dy^(3+)掺杂量为1.5%和2%时制备的荧光粉可在紫外光激发下分别发射出CIE色坐标为(0.3362,0.3512)和(0.3381,0.3523)、相关色温为5340 K和5263 K的白色光。研究结果表明Gd_(4)Ga_(2)O_(9):Dy^(3+)是一种潜在的紫外光激发白光发射荧光材料。

Calculation of H_2O-NH_3-CO_2 Vapor Liquid Equilibria at High Concentration Conditions

A vapor liquid equilibrium model and its related interactive energy parameters based on UNIQUAC model for the H2O-NH3-CO2 system without solid phase at the conditions of temperature from 30℃ to 90℃, pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa, and the maximum NH3 mass fraction up to 0.4 are provided. This model agrees with experimental data well (average relative error < 1%) and is useful for analysis of industrial urea production.

Bottom-up lithium growth guided by Ag concentration gradient in 3D PVDF framework towards stable lithium metal anode

Three-dimensional(3 D)frameworks have received much attention as an effective modification strategy for next-generation high-energy-density lithium metal batteries.However,the top-growth mode of lithium(Li)on the 3 D framework remains a tough challenge.To achieve a uniform bottom-up Li growth,a scheme involving Ag concentration gradient in 3 D PVDF framework(C-Ag/PVDF)is proposed.Ag nanoparticles with a concentration gradient induce an interface activity gradient in the 3 D framework,and this gradient feature is still maintained during the cycle.As a result,the C-Ag/PVDF framework delivers a long lifespan over 1800 h at a current density of 1 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of 1 mAh cm^(-2),and shows an ultra-long life(>1300 h)even at a high current density of 4 mA cm^(-2) with a capacity of 4 mAh cm^(-2).The advantage of concentration gradient provides further insights into the optimal design of the 3 D framework for stable Li metal anode.

Arctic sea ice concentration retrieval using the DT-ASI algorithm based on FY-3B/MWRI data

Sea ice concentration(SIC)is one of the most important indicators when monitoring climate changes in the polar region.With the development of the Chinese satellite technology,the Feng Yun(FY)series has been applied to retrieve the sea ice parameters in the polar region.In this paper,to improve the SIC retrieval accuracy from the passive microwave(PM)data of the Microwave Radiation Imager(MWRI)aboard on the Feng Yun-3 B(FY-3 B)Satellite,the dynamic tie-point(DT)Arctic Radiation and Turbulence Interaction Study(ARTIST)Sea Ice(ASI)(DT-ASI)SIC retrieval algorithm is applied and obtained Arctic SIC data for nearly 10 a(from November 18,2010 to August 19,2019).Also,by applying a land spillover correction scheme,the erroneous sea ice along coastlines in melt season is removed.The results of FY-3 B/DT-ASI are obviously improved compared to that of FY-3 B/NT2(NASA-Team2)in both SIC and sea ice extent(SIE),and are highly consistent with the results of similar products of AMSR2(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2)/ASI and AMSR2/DT-ASI.Compared with the annual average SIC of FY-3 B/NT2,our result is reduced by 2.31%.The annual average SIE difference between the two FY-3 Bs is 1.65×10^(6) km^(2),of which the DT-ASI algorithm contributes 87.9%and the land spillover method contributes12.1%.We further select 58 MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)cloud-free samples in the Arctic region and use the tie-point method to retrieve SIC to verify the accuracy of these SIC products.The root mean square difference(RMSD)and mean absolute difference(MAD)of the FY-3 B/DT-ASI and MODIS results are 17.2%and 12.7%,which is close to those of two AMSR2 products with 6.25 km resolution and decreased 8%and 7.2%compared with FY-3 B/NT2.Further,FY-3 B/DT-ASI has the most significant improvement where the SIC is lower than 60%.A high-quality SIC product can be obtained by using the DT-ASI algorithm and our work will be beneficial to promote the application of Feng Yun Satellite.

Effect of GA_(3) Concentration and Soaking Time on Seed Germination Characteristics of Blueberry

This study aims to explore the effect of GA_(3) concentration and soaking time on seed germination characteristics of blueberry.To be specific,big(B),medium-sized(M),and small(S)blueberry seeds were soaked in 0,100,200,and 300 mg/L GA_(3) solution for 18 h and 200 mg/L GA_(3) solution for 0,24,and 48 h,respectively.The results showed that 300 mg/L GA_(3) had significant effect on the germination of B and M seeds(P<0.01)and enabled the germination 4~5 d and 7~8 d earlier,respectively.Soaking with 200 mg/L GA_(3) for 24 h was conducive to the germination of B and M seeds(P<0.05).However,GA_(3) concentration and soaking time had no obviously promoting effect on the germination of S seeds.The interactions between GA_(3) concentration and seed size and between soaking time and seed size were significant(P<0.01).

Er^(3+) ion concentration effect on transient and steady-state behavior in Er^(3+):YAG crystal

The effect of Er3＋ ion concentration on transient and steady-state behavior in 45-nm Er3＋ ：YAG crystal is investigated. It is shown that by changing the signal field, the coherent field and the concentration of Er3＋ ions in the crystal, the absorption, dispersion, and group index of the weak probe field can be adjusted. Also, it is found that the probe absorption occurs in the presence of population inversion and probe amplification is obtained in the absence of population inversion.

Raman and infrared spectroscopic quantification of the carbonate concentration in K_(2)CO_(3)aqueous solutions with water as an internal standard

Carbonate-bearing fluids widely exist in different geological settings,and play important roles in transporting some elements such as the rare earth elements.They may be trapped as large or small fluid inclusions(with the size down to<1μm sometimes),and record critical physical-chemical signals for the formations of their host minerals.Spectroscopic methods like Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy have been proposed as effective methods to quantify the carbonate concentrations of these fluid inclusions.Although they have some great technical advantages over the conventional microthermometry method,there are still some technical difficulties to overcome before they can be routinely used to solve relevant geological problems.The typical limitations include their interlaboratory difference and poor performance on micro fluid inclusions.This study prepared standard ion-distilled water and K_(2)CO_(3)aqueous solutions at different molarities(from 0.5 to 5.5 mol/L),measured densities,collected Raman and infrared spectra,and explored correlations between the K_(2)CO_(3)molarity and the spectroscopic features at ambient P-T conditions.The result confirms that the Raman O-H stretching mode can be used as an internal standard to determine the carbonate concentrations despite some significant differences among the correlations,established in different laboratories,between the relative Raman intensity of the C-O symmetric stretching mode and that of the O-H stretching mode.It further reveals that the interlaboratory difference can be readily removed by performing one high-quality calibration experiment,provided that later quantifying analyses are conducted using the same Raman spectrometer with the same analytical conditions.Our infrared absorption data were collected from thin fluid films(thickness less than~2μm)formed by pressing the prepared solutions in a Microcompression Cell with two diamond-II plates.The data show that both the O-H stretching mode and the O-H bending mode can be used as internal standards to determine the carbonate concentrations.Since the IR signals of the C-O antisymmetric stretching vibration of the CO32ion,and the O-H stretching and bending vibrations from our thin films are very strong,their relative IR absorbance intensity,if well calibrated,can be used to investigate the micron-sized carbonate-bearing aqueous fluid inclusions.This study establishes the first calibration of this kind,which may have some applications.Additionally,our spectroscopic data suggest that as the K_(2)CO_(3)concentration increases the aqueous solution forms more large water molecule clusters via more intense hydrogen-bonding.This process may significantly alter the physical and chemical behavior of the fluids.

Study on Statistical Forecast Method for O_3 Concentration near the Ground in Pudong District of Shanghai Based on Meteorological Condition Analysis

[Objective] The research aimed to study statistical forecast method for O3 concentration near the ground in Pudong District of Shanghai based on meteorological condition analysis. [Method] Via observation and statistical analysis of the O3 concentration near the ground in Pudong District of Shanghai from 2006 to 2008, by considering meteorological condition, a kind of simple and practical new method suiting for forecast of the O3 concentration and pre-warning of the high-concentration O3 pollution event in whole year was established. [Result] Meteorological condition had obvious influence on O3 concentration near the ground. O3 concentration was the biggest in sunny day, followed by cloudy day. O3 concentration near the ground had typical seasonal change characteristics, and high value mainly happened in summer. Meteorological condition generating high-concentration O3 included sunny day, strong UV radiation, low relative humidity, high temperature and small wind speed, etc. By surveying historical weather chart, 10 kinds of main weather situations affecting Shanghai were summed. Under each weather situation, occurrence probability of the high-concentration O3 near the ground and average O3 concentration were conducted statistics. We found that occurrence probability of the high-concentration O3 was the biggest under northwest side of the subtropical high type, followed by internal type of the subtropical high. By introducing HPPI and WDI and comprehensively considering various meteorological factors, forecasting equation of the O3 concentration was established based on stepwise regression. The equation had good fitting effect and predictability on the daily maximum O3 concentration. [Conclusion] The method also could provide reference for O3 forecast in other areas.

The concentration quenching and crystallographic sites of Eu^(2+) in Ca_2BO_3Cl

A yellow phosphor, Ca2BO3CI：Eu2＋, is prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. Under the condition of excitation sources ranging from ultraviolet to visible light, efficient yellow emission can be observed. The emission spectrum shows an asymmetrical single intensive band centred at 573 nm, which corresponds to the 4f65dl→4f7 transition of Eu2＋. Eu2＋ ions occupy two types of Ca2＋ sites in the Ca2BO3C1 lattice and form two corresponding emission centres, respectively, which lead to the asymmetrical emission of Eu2＋ in Ca2BO3C1. The emission intensity of Eu2＋ in Ca2BO3C1 is influenced by the Eu2＋ doping concentration. Concentration quenching is discovered, and its mechanism is verified to be a dipole-dipole interaction. The value of the critical transfer distance is calculated to be 2.166 nm, which is in good agreement with the 2.120 nm value derived from the experimental data.

Calculating models of mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H_2O binary system and RbCl-RbNO_3-H_2O ternary system

Thermodynamic models of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions were developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory at 298.15 K.A transformation coefficient is needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity because they are obtained at different standard states and concentration units.The results show that the transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions change in a very narrow range.The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in RbCl-H2O binary system are in good agreement with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of RbCl and RbNO3 in RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities,aRbCl and 3RbNOa,with different total ionic strengths as 0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0 and 3.5 mol/kg,respectively.All those results mean the developed thermodynamic model of strong electrolyte aqueous solutions can reflect structural characteristics of RbCl-H2O binary and RbCl-RbNO3-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions and the mass action concentration also strictly follows the mass action law.

Role of incoherent pumping and Er^(3+) ion concentration on subluminal and superluminal light propagation in Er^(3+)-doped YAG crystal

We study the absorption-dispersion process and group index of weak probe field in a four-level Er^3＋：YAG crystal.We find that the Er^3＋ion concentration and incoherent pumping field can influence the absorption-dispersion process and group index of weak probe field. Moreover, our results show that Er^3＋ion concentration plays a major role in lasing without inversion and absorption with inversion.

CRITICAL CONCENTRATIONS OF α(1→3)-D-GLUCAN FROM LENTINUS EDODES IN NaOH AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solutions with or without urea showed two turning points corresponding to the dynamic contact concentration c_s andthe overlap concentration c~* of the polymer. The values of c_s and c~* were found to be 1×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) and 1.1×10^(-2) g cm^(-3),respectively, for L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions. The two critical concentrations of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/LNaOH aqueous solutions were also found to be 1.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) fbr c_s and 9.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) for c~* from the concentrationdependence of phenanthrene fluorescence intensities. The overlap concentration c~* of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueoussolutions was lower than that of polystyrene with same molecular weight in benzene, owing to the fact that polysaccharidetends to undergo aggregation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A normal viscosity behavior of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L urea/0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions can still be observed in an extremely low concentration range at 25℃.

Effects of concentration and annealing on the performance of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) field-effect transistors

This paper investigates the effects of concentration on the crystalline structure, the morphology, and the charge carrier mobility of regioregular poly（3-hexylthiophene） （RR-P3HT） field-effect transistors （FETs）. The RR-P3HT FETs with RR-P3HT as an active layer with different concentrations of RR-P3HT solution from 0.5 wt% to 2 wt% are prepared. The results indicate that the performance of RR-P3HT FETs improves drastically with the increase of RR-P3HT weight percentages in chloroform solution due to the formation of more microcrystalline lamellae and bigger nanoscale islands. It finds that the field-effect mobility of RR-P3HT FET with 2 wt% can reach 5.78×10^-3 cm^2/Vs which is higher by a factor of 13 than that with 0.5 wt%. Further, an appropriate thermal annealing is adopted to improve the performance of RR-P3HT FETs. The field-effect mobility of RR-P3HT FETs increases drastically to 0.09 cm^2/Vs by thermal annealing at 150 ℃, and the value of on/off current ratio can reach 104.

Effects of Mg Doping Concentration on Resistive Switching Behavior and Properties of SrTi1-yMgyO3 Films

SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were synthesized through sol-gel method on p^+-Si substrates. The effects of Mg doping concentration on the microstructure, switching behavior and properties of SrTi1-yMgyO3 films were investigated. All SrTi1-yMgyO3 films are polycrystalline, but the grain becomes coarser, and the number of holes is reduced when the Mg doping content increases from 0.04 to 0.16. SrTi1-yMgyO3 films with different Mg doping concentrations all show bipolar resistive switching behaviors but display some differences in switching properties. When y=0.08, the SrTi1-yMgyO3 films show the largest RHRS/RLRS of 105 and better fatigue endurance after 103 cycles. When y≥0.08, the distribution of Vset and Vreset is narrow, indicating good stability of writing and erasing data for a resistive random access memory. At high-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanism of SrTi1-yMgyO3 films is the Schottky emission mechanism. However, at low-resistance state, the dominant conduction mechanisms are the filamentary conduction and changes to space charge limited current when y=0.16.

F4-TCNQ concentration dependence of the current voltage characteristics in the Au/P3HT:PCBM:F4-TCNQ/n-Si(MPS) Schottky barrier diode

In this study, we investigate some main electrical parameters of the gold/poly（3-hexylthiophene）：[6,6]-phenyl C61 bu- tyric acid methyl ester：2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane/n-type silicon （Au/P3HT：PCBM：F4-TCNQ/n- Si） metal-polymer-semiconductor （MPS） Schottky barrier diode （SBD） in terms of the effects of F4-TCNQ concentration （0%, 1%, and 2%）. F4-TCNQ-doped P3HT：PCBM is fabricated to figure out the p-type doping effect on the device per- formance. The main electrical parameters, such as ideality factor （n）, barrier height （ФB0）, series resistance （Rs）, shunt resistance （Rsh）, and density of interface states （Nss） are determined from the forward and reverse bias current-voltage （l-V） characteristics in the dark and at room temperature. The values of n, Rs, ФB0, and Nss are significantly reduced by using the 1% F4-TCNQ doping in P3HT：PCBM：F4-TCNQ organic blend layer, additionally, the carrier mobility and current are increased by the soft （1%） doping. The most ideal values of electrical parameters are obtained for 1% F4-TCNQ used diode. On the other hand, the carrier mobility and current for the hard doping （2%） become far away from the ideal diode values due to the unbalanced generation of holes/electrons and doping-induced disproportion when compared with 1% F4-TCNQ doping. These results show that the electrical properties of MPS SBDs strongly depend on the F4-TCNQ doping and doping concentration of interfacial P3HT：PCBM：F4-TCNQ organic layer. Moreover, the soft F4-TCNQ dop- ing concentration （1%） in P3HT：PCBM：F4-TCNQ organic layer significantly improves the electrical characteristics of the Au/P3HT：PCBM：F4-TCNQ/n-Si （MPS） SBDs which enables the fabricating of high-quality electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Spectroscopy and Optical Properties of Sm³⁺:YAG Nanocrystalline Powder Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method: Effect of Sm³⁺Ions Concentrations

Samarium doped Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) nanopowders with different concentration (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% and 8% mol) were prepared by simple and low cost co-precipitation method. We found that the precursor begins converting to pure YAG at relatively low temperature around 900°C, and no intermediate phases were detected. The powders annealed at 900°C and 1000°C in air with average particle size around ≈30 nm were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The photoluminescent measurements showed that the reddish-orange (RO) emission transition 4G5/2:6H7/2 is more prominent. In addition, the optimum concentration of doped Sm ions that lead to maximum intensity was reported. Also, fluorescence efficiencies as pumping power dependence for different Sm3+ ions concentrations were explored.

Dy^(3+)在Ba_3La(BO_3)_3中的光致发光

研究了Ba3La(BO3)3基质中Dy3+的光致发光特性;探讨了RE3+的电荷半径比(z/r)和Ce3+,Dy3+含量对Dy3+发光强度及发光颜色的影响;分析了Ba3La(BO3)3中Ce3+对Dy3+发光的敏化作用;确定了Dy3+的4F9/2→6H15/2及4F9/2→6H13/2跃迁发射的浓度猝灭机制均为电偶极 电四极相互作用。

红色长余辉材料Mg_2SiO_4∶Dy^(3+),Mn^(2+)的制备及发光特性

用高温固相法制备了长余辉发光材料Mg2SiO4∶Dy3+,Mn2+,对这种材料的红色长余辉性质进行了研究。对以不同掺杂浓度单掺杂Mn2+、单掺杂Dy3+以及双掺杂Dy3+,Mn2+的Mg2SiO4体系,通过在紫外激发下的发射光谱及其激发光谱的研究,确认了在双掺杂体系中,峰值为660 nm的发光带对应着Mn2+的4T1(4G)→6A1(6S)跃迁,Mn2+为主要发光中心。Mn2+的660 nm发射的激发谱分布很宽,样品在近紫外和可见光区都有良好的吸收,长波边可达600 nm,是这种材料的一个显著优点。还研究了双掺杂体系中Dy3+对Mn2+的660 nm发光带的敏化作用。另外,通过对单掺杂、双掺杂体系热释光曲线的比较,揭示了双掺杂体系中Dy3+的陷阱作用。