One-bath Dyeing of Polyester/Wool Blend with Disperse Dyes

The role of auxiliary LAB as vehicle in dyeing polyester/wool blends with disperse dyes is described. Dye exhaustion and bonding on polyester/wool samples are studied under different experimental conditions - the LAB amount, the temperature and pH value- to achieve optimum conditions. The results are compared with those obtained with and without conventional dyeing auxiliary products. Although dye exhaustion is higher in the presence of commercial carriers, the dye bonded increases markedly in the presence of auxiliary LAB in both fibers. The role played by auxiliary LAB in polyester/wool blend dyeing can provide a new method for this process.

Effect of Ecotype Carrier for Disperse Dye on Dyeing of Polyester Microfiber

The effect of "Eco" carrier SML for disperse dye on dyeing of polyester microfiber was studied. With respect of the result of effects of SML on dyeing rate curve, dye build - up, migration of dyed polyester microfiber and K/S, color property, color fastness of dyed polyester microfiber fabrics, SML has a significant application perspective, deserving practical uses.

Mathematical Index for Evaluating Disperse Dyes Levelness of Superfine Polyester Fabric

The dyeing deference between the superfine and the con-ventional polyester fabric is discussed. The major threefactors affecting the level dyeing property of superfinepolyester-initial adsorption rate, desorption rate andinterface migration rate of dyestuffs at 70℃ are studied.The levelness improves considerably with decreased ini-tial adsorption rate, increased desorption rate and inter-face migration rate. And then a mathematical indexbased on them is established. The evaluation to dispersedyes resulting from it corresponds with their perfor-mance during industrial process. As new definitions, ini-tial adsorption rate and desorption rate of dyestuffs arefirstly introduced.

Adsorption Mechanism of Disperse Dye on Elastic Polyurethane Fibre

In this paper, the adsorption isotherms of two disperse dyes, C.I. Disperse Red 60 and C.I. Disperse orange 76, on two kinds of PU fibers at 90℃ were measured respectively. It was found that these adsorption isotherms followed a dual model, Nernst and Langmuir. Based on the parameters obtained in studying, the relationship between the chemical structure of dyes and their adsorption behaviors was arialyzed. Through the measurement of washing fastness of dyed sample with two dye concentrations, 1% （o.w. f） and 3% （o. w. f）, it was found that the pale shade dyeing possessed better wet-fastness than the dark. This phenomenon confirmed further that the disperse dyes were sorbed on the PU fiber by langmuir sorption and the partition mechanism.

Synthesis of Some Azo Disperse Dyes from 1-Substituted 2-Hydroxy-6-pyridone Derivatives and Their Colour Assessment on Polyester Fabric

The synthesis of a series of 3-(p-substituted phenylazo)-6-pyridone dyes which is suitable for the dyeing of polyester fabrics, is described. Visible absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in various solvents and the compounds in solution exhibited hydrazone-common anion equilibrium. The electronic absorption spectra cover a λmax range of 404 - 464 nm in DMF at uniformly high absorption intensity between 5.33 × 104 - 8.55 × 104 lmol–1cm–1 and gave bright intense hues of yellow to orange on polyester fabrics. The colour parameters of the dyed fabrics were measured and the dyes have excellent exhaustion between 72% - 79% for polyester fabrics, more intense and of very good fastness properties on polyester fabrics. The remarkable degree of levelness and brightness after washing is indicative of good penetration and excellent affinity of these dyes for the polyester fabric.

Effects of Auxiliary Agents on the Dyeing of Polyester Super Microfiber

The influences of various auxiliary agents on solubility ofthe disperse dye were studied.In the presence of the auxiliary agents during the dyeing of polyester microfi-ber,the dye uptake and migration were measured andeffects of these agentes were discussed.The effect of mix-ture of these agents was also studied in an attempt to im-prove the levelling and depth of polyester super microfi-ber dyeing.

STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF ACID-MODIFIED MULTIFUNCTION COPOLYESTER FIBRE

Applying conventional analytical methods,the following results have been found:the satura-tion value of acid--modified multifunction copolyest fibre( acid-modified polyester fibre)is1.74,then this kind of fibre is good for being dyed medium and light colours with cationicdyes;its level of erystalization is lower than of PET fibre;the third monomer(SIPM)con-tent in the fibre will be reduced by about 8% by the "alkali treatment"in dyeing and finishingprocess:through measuring and analysing the dye-up-take curves of time and temperature ofdyeing the fibre with cationic dyes,we indicate the key factors in dyeing are the 100℃ dyeingtemperature and the time for heat preservation;moveover,adding sodium sulphate will help leveldyeing but lower the dye-uptake.

Comparative Study on Dyeing of Cotton, Modal and Lyocell Fabrics Using Bifunctional and Polyfunctional Reactive Dyes

Polyfunctional reactive dyes have been introduced by the renowned dye manufacturers in the recent years for better exhaustion and fixation performance. This paper deals with evaluation of the dyeing performance of three cellulosic fibres namely cotton, modal and lyocell with polyfunctional (Avitera Cardinal SE) reactive dye in comparison a bifunctional-(Novacron Brilliant Red FN-3GL) reactive dye. The purpose of this study is to achieve a better understanding of exhaustion and fixation behaviour in dyeing of cotton, modal and lyocell fibres using these two types of reactive dyes. The dyeing was carried out at four different shade% (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). Besides studying exhaustion (%) and fixation (%) along with K/S values of dyed fabrics, several other quality parameters e.g. bursting strength, pilling resistance and colour fastness to wash were also examined. Finally, the optimum combination among the three types of cellulosic fabrics and two types of reactive dyes was observed. Lyocell fabric and polyfunctional reactive dyes have been found more sustainable.

涤纶织物分散荧光黄染色及易去污整理

为了改善荧光黄染色涤纶织物的易去污性,以色度坐标和亮度因子β为指标,优化染色工艺和易去污整理工艺。结果表明,荧光黄10G对涤纶织物最佳染色工艺条件为:染料质量分数1.0%(omf),染浴pH为5,染色温度130℃,染色时间40 min;最佳易去污整理工艺为:整理剂质量浓度40 g/L,焙烘温度150℃,焙烘时间60 s。整理后的涤纶织物经10次洗涤后易去污性仍达4级,经30次洗涤后其荧光性能仍可满足相关标准要求,且耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均达到4级以上。

基于异构烷烃体系的涤纶分散染料少水染色工艺

采用一种新型异构烷烃介质对涤纶织物进行分散染料少水染色,探究了染色温度、染色时间、染色浴比以及水的添加量对织物染色性能的影响,并与传统水浴染色织物的色牢度进行对比。结果表明:在染色温度为130℃,染色时间为60 min,染色浴比1∶30,加水量为50%(omf)时,织物的K/S值最大,颜色饱和度最高,匀染性最好;同时,新型异构烷烃介质少水染色织物的耐皂洗、耐摩擦色牢度均与传统水浴的染色水平相当。

锦纶染色用活性分散染料的制备及性能

为提升分散染料染色锦纶的色牢度,在偶氮染料分子中引入二氯均三嗪结构作为活性基团,并采用三聚氯氰与N-乙基-N-羟乙基苯胺的缩合以及进一步与芳胺重氮盐的偶合等两步反应,设计合成出7支偶氮型活性分散染料。采用印花方式将所得活性分散染料对锦纶织物进行染色,测试染色锦纶织物的色深、固色率、色牢度、热迁移和断裂强力等性能。结果表明:染色锦纶织物具有良好的得色率、鲜艳性和匀染效果,同时具有良好的耐有机溶剂萃取性能。染色锦纶的固色率达到74%~90%,耐皂洗、耐摩擦和耐升华色牢度可达4级及以上,颜色迁移率不超过5%,显现出优异的颜色坚牢程度。该研究结果可为研发具有高色牢度特性的锦纶染色用活性分散染料提供参考。

5-(二甲氨基)-2-甲基-5-氧戊酸甲酯在超临界二氧化碳流体染色中的应用

为提高部分分散染料在超临界二氧化碳流体(ScCO 2)中上染率,补全ScCO 2分散染料染色色谱,以5-(二甲氨基)-2-甲基-5-氧戊酸甲酯作为分散染料ScCO 2染色助溶剂,通过实验探究了染料与助溶剂质量比、染色温度、染色压力对分散染料上染率的影响,并对染色后涤纶纱线的力学性能、耐摩擦色牢度、耐日晒色牢度以及耐皂洗色牢度进行表征。结果表明:纱线得色深度明显提高,且未对纱线色相、饱和度产生明显影响;分散黄163、分散蓝60染料滤饼上染率分别为21.61%、34.25%;加入助溶剂后,分散黄163、分散蓝60的ScCO 2染色上染率分别可达57.62%、70.97%;染色纱线得色深度显著提高,染色后纱线的K/S值分别由4.5、5.9提升至12.0、12.2;最佳染色工艺为:染料与助溶剂质量比1∶20,染色温度130℃,染色压力27 MPa;加入助溶剂后染色纱线的力学性能、色牢度符合生产需求。

分散染料在超临界CO_(2)流体染色聚酯纤维中的扩散行为

为深入研究分散染料的扩散性能在超临界CO_(2)染色过程中影响染色条件及染色质量的理论机制,使用共聚焦拉曼显微镜研究了超临界CO_(2)流体染色在不同工况条件(100~140℃、21~27 MPa、5~90 min)下分散染料(分散红167、分散橙30、分散蓝79)在涤纶中的扩散行为。通过拉曼深度成像图获得了染料在纤维径向分布的数据,计算扩散系数。结果显示:分散染料在染色初期(5 min内)已在纤维内分布均匀,且随染色时间、染色压力的增加,染料在纤维内部均匀上染。对比染色后纤维径向的拉曼光谱数据与纱线上染量数据,验证了拉曼光谱数据的有效性。经计算分散染料中分散橙30的扩散系数最高(9.744×10^(-15) m^(2)/s)。表明拉曼技术用于分析单纤维内染料扩散有着巨大的优势,反应快速,制样简单,同时可在无损纤维的前提下对涤纶内部的染料分布进行测量。

废旧聚酯纺织品乙二醇萃取脱色

作为纺织行业的未来发展趋势,废旧聚酯纺织品的回收与再生利用可以从根源上缓解化石资源短缺和生态环境压力。但是,纺织品中染料的存在严重缺陷,限制了其再生产品的应用领域。将乙二醇(EG)作为有机溶剂,对废旧聚酯纺织品进行非破坏性萃取脱色。采用CIELAB比色法对比了不同反应条件对脱色效果的影响,并且,对乙二醇萃取脱色动力学参数进行分析;研究了脱色后分散染料的结构变化及染料去除过程对织物的相对分子质量和热分解稳定性的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为185℃下,单次反应时间为30 min,脱色3次后,其总色差ΔE值达到57.63,脱色动力学曲线符合零级反应动力学模型。此外,染料的去除不改变染料的结构,脱色后,织物的特性黏度保持在0.6 dL/g以上,最佳温度条件下,聚酯的相对分子质量变化小于10%;随着反应温度的提升,织物热失重曲线的下降趋势与出现最大损失率时的温度基本不变,证明染料萃取的过程对聚酯纤维的化学结构无显著影响。

纳米炭黑的Steglich酯化反应制备及乙二醇分散性

为解决炭黑在乙二醇溶液中难分散的问题,确保炭黑在聚酯纤维原液着色中具有良好的分散性。先通过液相氧化法对炭黑表面进行改性,在炭黑表面引入反应性基团—羧基,并选取合适的氧化炭黑,通过Steglich酯化反应在氧化炭黑表面接枝乙二醇和不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇。对氧化炭黑和接枝炭黑的表面结构以及在乙二醇溶液中的分散性进行测试与分析。结果表明:氧化仅发生在炭黑表面并未对炭黑造成严重破坏,随氧化时间的延长,炭黑表面羧基含量显著提高,氧化8 h后,其表面羧基含量为0.616 mmol/g;PEG600接枝的氧化炭黑其接枝率在33%以上,最小平均粒径稳定在132.1 nm左右,其能在乙二醇溶液中分散均匀,无聚集体出现,且制备的接枝炭黑具有良好的分散稳定性,其储存稳定性在93%以上,耐热稳定性在92%以上。

稳储型液体分散蓝79的制备及其应用性能

为了制备可等量替换粉状分散染料、染色性能优异、储存性能良好的纳米级液体分散染料,采用研磨法对分散蓝79进行液体化加工,并通过对比液体分散染料的染料性能,筛选出适用的阴离子型分散剂,确定非离子型分散剂HLB值范围以及两类分散剂的最佳复配比例,获得分散蓝79液体化的最优复配组合;通过离心实验分析pH值对液体分散蓝79稳定性的影响,并研究室温条件下染料的稳储性。结果表明:当体系中染料滤饼质量分数为35%、分散剂组分木质素磺酸钠与脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯质量比为2∶1且占体系质量分数的8.75%时,获得平均粒径196 nm、强度150%的液体分散蓝79,染料扩散性能、分散性能、高温分散稳定性、大颗粒残留测试结果均为5级,pH 5条件下染料离心稳定率可达83.7%;涤纶染色对比研究表明,室温储存180 d后的液体分散蓝79具有与分散深蓝HGL相近的染料提升力、匀染性以及更优异的上染率,且其染色残液吸光度较粉状染料降低77.20%、COD值降低30.56%。采用优化后的液体分散染料制备工艺与配方可制得染料强度及染色性能与商品粉状染料相当,储存稳定性优异的环保型液体分散蓝79。

激光改性涤纶织物的分散染料轧染染色性能

为开发差别化涤纶染色织物,采用CO_(2)激光对织物进行预处理和后整理改性。以K/S值为指标,研究预处理和后整理参数对织物轧染染色性能的影响,并确定预处理、后整理改性工艺。测试纤维的表面形态、热稳定性和结晶度,分析激光对染料热迁移性能和对染料最大吸收波长的影响,测试织物色牢度和断裂强力。结果表明:优化的预处理和后整理改性工艺为功率12 W、速度150 mm/s、步距0.2 mm,分散藏青SFN对预处理和后整理改性织物染色后K/S值分别提高44.89%和38.41%;激光改性使纤维表面产生刻蚀,结晶度下降;激光改性对纤维的热稳定性和染料的最大吸收波长没有影响;激光后整理使染色纤维内部染料发生热迁移;改性前后织物的色牢度基本不变,均达到4级及以上,断裂强力稍下降。

基于等离子体处理的涤纶织物无水染色

利用大气压辉光等离子体处理涤纶织物,再以乙醇为染色介质实现涤纶的无水染色;通过扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线光谱(SEM/EDS)、接触角测试等评估等离子体处理对涤纶织物染色效果的影响。结果表明:在等离子体处理功率为3 k W,处理时间为120 s,分散染料质量浓度为7.5 g/L时,染色织物的K/S值达到4.69,接近传统涤纶水浴染色效果,与未经等离子体处理的面料相比,染色深度增加了77.65%。

阳离子改性蜂窝状中空涤纶纤维的染色工艺优化

阳离子改性蜂窝状中空涤纶纤维具有良好的导湿效果和易染性。试验采用三支分散型阳离子染料对阳离子改性蜂窝状中空涤纶纤维进行染色。结果表明,当染液pH为5、染色温度为100℃、浴比为1∶10时,染色纤维的K/S值最大。三支染料上染阳离子改性蜂窝状中空涤纶纤维的上染速率曲线变化趋势相近,配伍性较好,可用于拼色染色。

涤棉混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴一步法染色应用

涤棉混纺织物采用常规工艺进行染色能够获得较好的色牢度,但是染色时间长而且污水处理成本高,不符合低碳环保的要求。采用分散/活性染料一浴一步法染色改进工艺替代常规工艺。在常温(40℃)状态下,以元明粉150 g/L,促染剂1 g/L,2℃/min升温至80℃并保温1 min,以1℃/min升温至95℃并保温1 min,以1℃/min升温至127℃并保温30 min进行分散染料与活性染料染色。实验结果表明,染色织物耐干摩擦色牢度可达4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度可达3~4级,耐皂洗色牢度可达4~5级,耐汗渍色牢度达到4~5级,同时能够缩短染色时间、节约用电、减少污水排放,对降低生产成本起到了积极作用,满足了实际生产需求。