Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Cationic Reactive Disperse Dyes Containing Quaternary Group

The kinetics of hydrolysis of cationic reactive disperse dyes containing quaternary group and chemical shift（13CNMR） of the adjacent carbon atoms with pyridine-acetylamino were discussed. The results show pyridine-acetylamino reactive group had higher reactivity than chloroacetylamino and chemical shift（13 CNMR） of the adjacent carbon atoms with pyridine-acetylamino moved 18.77 ppm.

Procion MX Dyes在彩色蜡染制作工艺中的应用研究

文章以彩色蜡染制作工艺为研究对象,将文献研究法与实践相结合,从画蜡技巧、上色与固色原理、艺术表现技巧等方面解读Procion MX Dyes在彩色蜡染制作工艺中的应用原则和技巧。借助Procion MX Dyes的应用,提升了彩色蜡染的艺术表现力和使用价值,为蜡染产业的发展提供了可行性参考。

Decolorization of reactive dyes by laccase immobilized in alginate/gelatin blent with PEG

To achieve effective decolorization of reactive dyes,laccase immobilization was investigated.Laccase 0.2%(m/V)(Denilite IIS) was trapped in beads of alginate/gelatin blent with polyethylene glycol(PEG),and then the supporters were activated by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde.The results of repeated batch decolorization showed that gelatin and appropriate concentration of glutaraldehyde accelerated the decolorization of Reactive Red B-3BF(RRB);PEG had a positive effect on enzyme stability and led to an inc...

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose （Na-CMC）, sodium alginate （SA）, polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, and chitosan （CTS）, were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillusfumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes, Reactive Brilliant Blue KN- R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads （exceeding 95%）. The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.

Application of Tertiary Amine Cationic Polyacrylamide with High Cationic Degree in Salt-free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes

Tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide with high cationization degree was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The obtained cationic cotton was dyed with reactive dyes in the ab-sence of electrolyte. The effects of the characteristics of the cationic agent and the pretreatment conditions on dye-ability of reactive dye were investigated. The results showed that the fixation and K/S values of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were improved compared with those on the untreated one in the presence of salt. Tests on fast-ness properties of the dyed cotton and fabric quality of the pretreated cotton were carried out and the results showed that wash and rub fastness of the salt-free dyeing were both satisfactory. And anti-crease property,tensile and tear strength,and handling of the cationic cotton were also good compared with that of the untreated one.

Controlled-release Properties of Microencapsulated Disperse Dyes

Some disperse dyes were microencapsulated by means of in- situ polymerization. These microencapsulated disperse dyes was extracted respectively by ethanol under certain conditions. The controlled-release properties of disperse dyes through the shell of microcapsules were measured by spectrophotometer. According to the results, it was drawn that the type of disperse dyes, the auxiliaries contained in disperse dyes, the quantity of system controlling medium used and the core/shell ratio of microcapsules play important roles in controlling the release properties of microcapsules. The different controlled- release properties of microcapsules, which were prepared under given conditions, however, would in turn influence the performance of microcapsules in multiple-transfer printing.

Effect of functional groups on sludge for biosorption of reactive dyes

The sludge, which was collected from a biological coke wastewater treatment plant, was used as a low-cost adsorbent in the removal of reactive dyes （Methylene Blue （MB） and Reactive Red 4 （RR4）） from aqueous solution. The pH of dye solution played an important role on the dye uptake. With the solution pH increase, the MB uptake increased; whereas the RR4 uptake decreased. The maximum uptake of RR4 by protonated sludge was 73.7 mg/g at pH 1, and the maximum uptake of MB by sludge was 235.3 mg/g at pH 9. Three functional groups, including carboxyl, phosphonate, and amine group, were identified by potentiometric titration, fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The anionic functional groups, phosphonate and carboxyl group, were identified as the binding sites for the cationic MB. Amine groups were identified to bind RR4. The main mechanism of the reactive dyestuffs adsorption is electrostatic interaction.

One-bath Dyeing of Polyester/Wool Blend with Disperse Dyes

The role of auxiliary LAB as vehicle in dyeing polyester/wool blends with disperse dyes is described. Dye exhaustion and bonding on polyester/wool samples are studied under different experimental conditions - the LAB amount, the temperature and pH value- to achieve optimum conditions. The results are compared with those obtained with and without conventional dyeing auxiliary products. Although dye exhaustion is higher in the presence of commercial carriers, the dye bonded increases markedly in the presence of auxiliary LAB in both fibers. The role played by auxiliary LAB in polyester/wool blend dyeing can provide a new method for this process.

Preparation of Reactive Bright Blue Rare Earth Dyestuffs and Their Spectra Properties

Reactive bright blue rare earth dyestuffs were prepared by using reactive bright blue and lanthanum oxide,praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide, lutetium oxide, yttrium oxide respectively for dyeing silk cloth.The degree of dyeing of reactive bright blue praseodymium and the degree of fixation of reactive bright blue gadolinium are the biggest, and 22.9% and 7 %are increased with that of reactive bright blue respectively.The spectra of reactive bright blue rare earth and reactive bright blue were studied by UV-VIS.In 200.00 ～ 800.00 nm, reactive bright blue has four absorption peaks, reactive bright blue rare earth has three absorption peaks; in 420.00 ～ 760.00 nm, reactive bright blue has two absorption peaks at 661.50 nm and 625.50 nm, respectively, and λmax is 661.50 nm; reactive bright blue rare earth has one absorption peak at 620.50, 618.00, 622.00, 623.00, 622.50, 619.50, 619.00, 621.00, 624.00, 620.00 nm adding La3+ ,Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Dy3+, Er3+, Lu3+, Y3+respectively.

Design of the reactive dyes containing large planar multi-conjugated systems and their application in non-aqueous dyeing

The development of pollution-free dyeing technology, including anhydrous dyeing and non-aqueous dyeing technologies, has always been an important way and research hot in energy conservation and emission reduction. Designing new structural dye molecules is the key to water-saving dyeing processes.Herein, three reactive dyes were designed and synthesized, which contained large planar multiconjugated systems and multi-reactive groups. The designed reactive dyes are expected to have high affinity and high fixations in non-aqueous or small bath dyeing processes. The reactive dyes were applied in the decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(DMCS) reverse micelle dyeing for cotton fabric. High exhaustion rate of 99.35%, 98.10% and 98.80%, and fixation rate of 95.15%, 96.34% and 94.40% for three dyes, R1,R2 and R3, could be respectively obtained. The dyes can be fully utilized and had excellent dyeing performance, fastness and levelling properties under the revere micelle dyeing. The cotton fabric is like an oil-water separator in the dyeing process, where the dye micelles rapidly absorb and permeate into the cotton fibers. DMCS circulates around the fabric to transfer mass and energy. After dyeing, the solvent can be separated quickly and reused. The new reactive dyes containing large planar and multi-conjugated systems have potential application in green and sustainable dyeing technology with less wastewater and higher utilization.

Adsorption of Reactive Dyes on Activated Carbon Developed from <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i>

Activated carbon was prepared from Enteromorpha prolifera by zinc chloride activation. The adsorption behaviors of three reactive dyes (Reactive Red 23, Reactive Blue 171 and Reactive Blue 4) onto this biomass activated carbon were investigated in batch systems. The experimental findings showed that the removal efficiencies of three dyes onto activated carbon were maximum at the initial solution pH of 4.5 - 6.0. Thermodynamic studies suggested that adsorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Adsorption isotherm of the three dyes obeyed Freundlich isotherm modal. Dye adsorption capacities of activated carbon were 59.88, 71.94 and 131.93 mg·g?1 for RR23, RB171 and RB4 at 27?C, respectively. Second-order kinetic models fitted better to the equilibrium data of three dyes. The adsorption process on activated carbon was mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion mechanism.

Synthesis of Some New Diazo Disperse Dyes and Their Application on Dyeing of Polyester

The synthesis of some new diazo disperse dyes containing a pyrazol-5-one was described. The structures of the new products have been deduced from elemental analysis and spectral dada such as UV-Vis absorption, IR, ^1H NMR, and MS spectroscopy. These dyestuffs gave satisfactory results when applied as disperse dyes to polyester fabric. The dyeing properties such as light fasmess, washing fastness and exhaustion studies have been investigated.

REACTIVE DYES CONTAINING(N-METHYL-β-SULFOETHYLAMINO)ETHYLSULFONYL GROUPS FOR SILK FIBRES

Silk dyeing with several classes of reactive dyes was studied.A class of reactive dyes con-taining(N-methyl-β-sulfoethylamino)ethylsulfonyl groups for silk is presented.A new method forintroducing such a reactive group and a kinetic studies on the reaction mechanism involved are pro-posed.A kinetic isotopic effect on dyeing mechanism with silk is discussed and the optimum dyeingtechniques recommended.Dyeing or printing was carried out in neutral media;brilliant shades,goodfastness,high fixation and excellent storage stability are given.

Enhanced degradation of reactive dyes using a novel carbon ceramic electrode based on copper nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes

A novel carbon ceramic electrode consisting of Cu NPs and MWCNT was developed to treat reactive orange 84(RO84) wastewater using ultrasound-assisted electrochemical degradation. The proposed electrode generated more hydroxyl radicals than non-nanoparticle electrodes did. In addition, a new electrochemical sensor was applied to determine residue RO84 in an aqueous medium during discoloration. This sensor is based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanourchins and graphene oxide and can detect RO84 concentration in the range of 1.0–1200 μmol·L^-1 with the detection limit of 0.03 μmol·L^-1. The degradation effects of the modified electrode on RO84 were evaluated systematically with different initial pH values, time durations, and amounts of Cu NPs and MWCNT. The results suggested that the removal efficiency of RO84 was approximately 83% after120 min of electrolysis in a phosphate buffer with pH 8.0 using a carbon ceramic electrode made with 4.0 wt%Cu NPs and 4.0 wt% MWCNT. The possible mechanism of RO84 degradation was monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and degradation pathways were proposed.

Mathematical Index for Evaluating Disperse Dyes Levelness of Superfine Polyester Fabric

The dyeing deference between the superfine and the con-ventional polyester fabric is discussed. The major threefactors affecting the level dyeing property of superfinepolyester-initial adsorption rate, desorption rate andinterface migration rate of dyestuffs at 70℃ are studied.The levelness improves considerably with decreased ini-tial adsorption rate, increased desorption rate and inter-face migration rate. And then a mathematical indexbased on them is established. The evaluation to dispersedyes resulting from it corresponds with their perfor-mance during industrial process. As new definitions, ini-tial adsorption rate and desorption rate of dyestuffs arefirstly introduced.

Preparation and Spectra Properties of Reactive Blue Rare Earth Dyestuffs

Reactive blue rare earth dyestuffs were prepared by using reactive blue and lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, erbium oxide, lutetium oxide and yttrium oxide respectively for dyeing silk cloth. The degrees of dyeing of reactive blue gadolinium and fixation of reactive blue neodymium were the biggest respectively, were 84.83% and 97.96 respectively, were 24.13% and 8.36% were increased with that of reactive blue respectively. The spectra of reactive blue rare earths and reactive blue were studied by UV-VIS. In 200.00～800.00 nm, the λmax of reactive blue, reactive blue lanthanum, reactive blue praseodymium, reactive blue neodymium, reactive blue samarium, reactive blue europium, reactive blue gadolinium, reactive blue terbium, reactive blue dysprosium, reactive blue erbium, reactive blue lutetium and reactive blue yttrium are 599.00, 600.00, 602.00, 601.00, 600.00, 600.50, 600.50, 601.00, 600.00, 600.50, 599.50 and 600.50 nm respectively. Reactive blue lanthanum, reactive blue praseodymium, reactive blue neodymium, reactive blue samarium, reactive blue europium, reactive blue gadolinium, reactive blue terbium, reactive blue dysprosium, reactive blue erbium, reactive blue lutetium, reactive blue yttrium and reactive blue had almost same color.

New Technology of Disperse Dyes Solubilized by Auxiliaries Dyeing to Wool

The new technology of disperse dyes solubilized by auxil-iary dycing to wool is put forward creatively.On the ef-fect of agent HM made by ourselves,the wool can bedyed by disperse dyes.The effects of temperature,pHvalue,liquor ratio,electrolyte and concentration ofHM,on the percentage of exhaustion,dyeing rate andpermeability,levelness are researched.This technologyhas many advantages,e.g.superior levelness and wet-fastness,saving dyes,simple process and bright shadeetc.,this project has utmost values of theory researchand practice application.

Photocatalytic decolourization of reactive dyes

The photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes with solar-irradiated TiO2 was investigated in these experiments which showed that: (1)the decolourization efficiency are determined by pH value, catalyst amount and light intensity; (2) the reactive dyes decolourized rapidly (cleavageld be biologically degradated more easily, the toxicity decreased considerably after photodegradation.The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic process would become an efficient and safe method for colour wastewater treatment and would be very useful for explaining the reaction mechanism and decolourising structure-reactivity relationship. of the azo linkage), but the intermediates needed more time to transform to further degradation products, and finally to produce CO2; (3) the main products were identified to be alkanes and alkyl amines which cou

AN EXAMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS ON THE PHOTOCHEMICAL STABILITY OF DISPERSE DYES

There is a powerful market-need for superfast disperse dyes in special use, e.g. for automotivefabrics. The photochemical fading reactions of dyes are often very complicated, and no singlphotodegradation pathway can be involved for all kinds of dyes. To enhance the photostability of the commonly used disperse dyes, a series of tests on the ef-fect of variable stabilizers on the photodegradation rate of nine representative disperse dyes werecarried out both in ethyl acetate solution and on cellulose acetate film. A moderate light sourceemitting above 300 nm was adopted in this study to simulate the photofading under practical appli-cations. The results show that, in solution, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine is the most effectivegeneral stabilizer for all the tested dyes, but on cellulose film, nickel diethyl-dithiocarbamateshows the greatest general protecting effect, and a synergistic effect is observed for special combina-tions of stabilizers.

Syntheses and Properties Studies on New Dispersed Dyes With Intermediate BIT

The target production were obtained by coupled reaction of 3-amino-5-nitro-2, 1- benzoisothiazole,as a diazo component,with some derivatives of anilline or some derivatives of naphthylamine sulfonic acid in proper condition. Their colors are from red to violet. They have excellent tight property. The chemical and physical test of production verified that they were some unique properties.