Influence of Structural Parameters of Turbocharger Floating Bearing on Its Dynamic Characteristic Coefficients

The structure parameters in an actual industrial production have a great influence on the coefficient of supercharger floating bearing dynamic characteristics,but there has been little systematic study so far.In this paper,the influence of structural parameters of the turbocharger floating bearing on its dynamic characteristic coefficientsis systematically investigated based on the theories of hydrodynamic lubrication and tribology.The influence of clearance ratio on eccentricity and the influence of internal to external radius ratios,and Sommerfeld number were analyzed.A new formula of responding characteristics of the oil film force caused by the displacement or velocity disturbance was deduced near an equilibrium in the steady state.Applying the newly developed formula,the dynamic characteristic was studied for floating bearings.Regularity for change of oil film stiffness and damping was analyzed with the structural parameters of floating bearing such as radius ratios and eccentricity.It has been found that the clearance ratio increases with eccentricity when the radius ratio is unchanged.The eccentricity decreases with the internal to external radius ratio of floating rings when the clearance ratio is constant.The absolute value of total principal stiffness and total main damping decrease with the clearance ratio and radius ratio of floating rings when the total cross damping is stable.The results and findings in this paper can contribute to nonlinear dynamics designs of turbocharger rotor-bearing systems.

Dynamic Characteristics of Planar Deployable Structure Based on ScissorLike Element Using Influence Coefficient Method

In order to execute geometric analysis for planar deployable mechanism of scissors unit,the dynamic analysis model of scissor planar deployable structure is created based on the Cartesian coordinate system,the influence coefficient is acquired by means of the coordinate transformation,combining the D 'Alembert 's principle with Dynamic-Static method,the dynamic characteristic analysis is completed finally. Moreover,specific calculating examples are adopted to verify the effectiveness of proposed method,and the result shows that the movement of each component of scissors unit mechanism is more smooth during initial deployment stage,however,when the configuration angle θ of unit mechanism is approaching π,some comparative large variations would appear on movement parameters and hinge constraint force.

Dynamic impact experiment and response characteristics analysis for 1:2 reduced-scale model of hydraulic support

It is significant to research the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support due to its key support role in the fully mechanized mining face.However,it is difficult for the entire hydraulic support to implement the impact experiment underground and analyze the response characteristic.Therefore,a dynamic impact experiment for the entire hydraulic support was proposed in this paper,where a 1:2 reducedscale model of hydraulic support was designed and its response characteristics under dynamic impact load were analyzed.Firstly,a comprehensive monitoring scheme was proposed to achieve an effective monitoring for dynamic response of hydraulic support.Secondly,a multi-scale impact experiment was carried out for the entire hydraulic support and dynamic behaviors of hydraulic support under the multi-scale impact load were revealed by experimental data.Then a dynamic impact experiment of the entire hydraulic support was simulated in ADAMS with the same experiment conditions,and the experimental and simulation data were verified mutually.Finally,the characteristics of energy conversion and dissipation of the entire experiment system after impact were analyzed.The experiment results showed that the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support largely depended on the initial support conditions and different vertical rigidities affected energy distribution proportion of the entire support system.

Dynamic Characteristics of Multi-degrees of Freedom System Rotor-bearing System with Coupling Faults of Rub-impact and Crack

Extensive studies on rotor systems with single or coupled multiple faults have been carried out. However these studies are limited to single-span rotor systems. A finite element model for a complex rotor-bearing system with coupled faults is presented. The dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing system are obtained by using the rotor dynamics theory and the modern nonlinear dynamics theory in connection with the continuation-shooting algorithm（commonly used for obtaining a periodic solution for a nonlinear system） for a range of rub-impact clearances and crack depths. The stability and Hopf instability of the periodic motion of the rotor-bearing system with coupled faults are analyzed by using the procedure described. The results indicate that the finite element method is an effective way for determining the dynamic responses of such complex rotor-bearing systems. Further for a rotor system with rub-impact and crack faults, the influences of the clearances are significantly different for different rub-impact stiffness. On the contrary, the influence of crack depths is rather small. The instability speeds of the rotor-bearing system increase due to the presence of the crack fault. The results obtained using the new finite element model, presented for computation and analysis of dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing systems with coupled faults, are in accordance with measurements in experiment. The formulations given can be used for diagnosis of faults, vibration control, and safe and stable operations of real rotor-bearing systems.

Rate Coefficients of Roaming Reaction H+MgH Using Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics

The ring-polymer molecular dynamics(RPMD)was used to calculate the thermal rate coefficients of the multi-channel roaming reaction H+MgH→Mg+H_(2).Two reaction channels,tight and roaming,are explicitly considered.This is a pioneering attempt of exerting RPMD method to multichannel reactions.With the help of a newly developed optimization-interpolation protocol for preparing the initial structures and adaptive protocol for choosing the force constants,we have successfully obtained the thermal rate coefficients.The results are consistent with those from other theoretical methods,such as variational transition state theory and quantum dynamics.Especially,RPMD results exhibit negative temperature dependence,which is similar to the results from variational transition state theory but different from the ones from ground state quantum dynamics calculations.

Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of the Shaft System in Water Turbine Generator Set

A 3D finite element vibration model of water turbine generator set is constructed considering the coupling with hydropower house foundation. The method of determining guide bearing dynamic characteristic coefficients according to the swing of the shaft is proposed, which can be used for studying the self-vibration characteristic and stability of the water turbine generator set. The method fully considers the complex supporting boundary and loading conditions; especially the nonlinear variation of guide bearing dynamic characteristic coefficients and the coupling effect of the whole power-house foundation. The swing and critical rotating speed of an actual generator set shaft system are calculated. The simulated results of the generator set indicate that the coupling vibration model and calculation method presented in this paper are suitable for stability analysis of the water turbine generator set.

Dynamic mechanical characteristics and application of constant resistance energy-absorbing supporting material

In deep underground engineering,rock burst and other dynamic disasters are prone to occur due to stress concentration and energy accumulation in surrounding rock.The control of dynamic disasters requires bolts and cables with high strength,high elongation,and high energy-absorbing capacity.Therefore,a constant resistance energy-absorbing(CREA)material is developed.In this study,the dynamic characteristics of the new material are obtained via the drop hammer tests and the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)tests of the new material and two common bolt(CB)materials widely used in the field.The test results of drop hammer test and SHPB test show that the percentage elongation of CREA material is more than 2.64 and 3.22 times those of the CB material,and the total impact energy acting on CREA material is more than 18.50 and 21.84 times,respectively,indicating that the new material has high elongation and high energy-absorbing capacity.Subsequently,the CREA bolts and cables using the new material are developed,which are applied in roadways with high stress and strong dynamic disturbance.The field monitoring results show that CREA bolts and cables can effectively control the surrounding rock deformation and ensure engineering safety.

Test and numerical investigations on static and dynamic characteristics of extra-wide concrete self-anchored suspension bridge under vehicle loads

The present work is aimed at studying the mechanic properties of the extra-wide concrete self-anchored suspension bridge under static and dynamic vehicle loads. Based on the field test using 12 heavy trucks and finite element simulations, the static deformations of different components, stress increments and distributions of the girder, as well as the vibration characteristics and damping ratio of the Hunan Road Bridge were analyzed, which is the widest self-anchored suspension bridge in China at present. The dynamic responses were calculated using the Newmark-β integration method assisted by the simulation models of bridge and vehicles, the influences on the dynamic impact coefficient(DIC) brought by the vehicle parameters, girder width, eccentricity travel and deck flatness were also researched. The spatial effect of the girder is obvious due to the extra width, which performs as the stress increments distribute unevenly along the transverse direction, and the girder deflections and stress increments of the upper plate change as a "V" and "M" shape respectively under the symmetrical vehicle loads affected by the shear lag effect, cross slope and local effect of the wheels, the maximum of stress increments are located in the junctions with the inner webs. The obvious girder torsional deformation and the apparent unevenness of the hanger forces between the two cable planes under the eccentric vehicle loads, together with the mode shapes such as the girder transverse bending and torsion which appear relatively earlier, all reflect the weakened torsional rigidity of the extra-wide girder. The transverse displacements of towers are more obvious than the longitudinal ones. As for the influences on the DIC, the static effect of the heavier vehicles plays a major role when pass through with a higher speed and the changes of vehicle suspension stiffness generate greater impacts than the suspension damp. The values of DIC in the vehicle-running side during the eccentric travel, affected by the restricts from the static effects of the eccentric moving trucks, are significantly smaller than the vehicle-free side, the increase in the road roughness is the most sensitive one among the above influential factors. The results could provide references for the design, static and dynamic response analysis of the similar extra-wide suspension bridges.

Influence of central buckle on suspension bridge dynamic characteristics and driving comfort

The central buckle, which is often used in a suspension bridge, can improve bridges' performance in the actual operation condition. The influence of the central buckle on natural vibration characteristics and bridge-deck driving comfort of a long-span suspension bridge is studied by using a case study of Siduhe Suspension Bridge in China. Based on the finite element software ANSYS and independently complied program, the influence of the central buckle on the structure force-applied characteristics of a long-span suspension bridge has been explored. The results show that the huge increases of natural frequencies can result in the presence of central buckles because of the increases of bending and torsional rigidities. The central buckle basically makes the stiffening girders and cables within the triangular area covered as a relatively approximate rigid area. Hence, the central buckle can reduce the torsional displacement of the main girder. However, the increases of bending and torsional rigidities have little influence on the impact factor, which is obtained by using vehicle-bridge coupled vibration analysis. This means that the central buckle has little effect on the comfort indices. In addition, it is found that the central buckle can enhance the bridge deck's driving stability due to the decrease of the torsional displacements of the main girder.

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Offshore Wind Turbine Blades

The topic of offshore wind energy is attracting more and more attention as the energy crisis heightens.The blades are the key components of offshore wind turbines,and their dynamic characteristics directly determine the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines.With different rotating speeds and blade length,the rotating blades generate various centrifugal stiffening effects.To directly analyze the centrifugal stiffening effect of blades,the Rayleigh energy method (REM) was used to derive the natural frequency equation of the blade,including the centrifugal stiffening effect and the axial force calculation formula.The axial force planes and the first to third order natural frequency planes which vary with the rotating speed and length were calculated in three-dimensional coordinates.The centrifugal stiffening coefficient was introduced to quantitatively study the relationship between the centrifugal stiffening degree and the rotating speed,and then the fundamental frequency correction formula was built based on the rotating speed and the blade length.The analysis results show that the calculation results of the fundamental frequency correction formula agree with the theoretical calculation results.The error of calculation results between them is less than 0.5%.

Improved Design and Dynamic Characteristics Research for Printing Machinery

Rotational stability of embossing roller is a key technical specification for the printing machinery,and conjugate cam is the important control of the main driving system.In order to enhance the rotational stability,the improved design of conjugate cam is made to meet the quintic polynomial equation of the mathematical model,replacing the original cosine cam in the printing machinery.Aided with simulation Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems(ADAMS)software,the whole mechanical system model is built and dynamic simulation is carried for the two driving systems(the improved and the original).The key component's dynamic characteristics,especially contact force's change and influence are studied and the kinetic characteristics of the two systems,are analyzed and compared,which proves the improved system more stable in rotation.

Rate Coecients and Kinetic Isotope E ects of Cl+XCl→XCl+Cl(X=H,D,Mu)Reactions from Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics

The ring-polymer molecular dynamics(RPMD)was used to calculate the thermal rate coefficients and kinetic isotope effects of the heavy-light-heavy abstract reaction Cl+XCl→XCl+Cl(X=H,D,Mu).For the Cl+HCl reaction,the excellent agreement between the RPMD and experimental values provides a strong proof for the accuracy of the RPMD theory.And the RPMD results are also consistent with results from other theoretical methods including improved-canonical-variational-theory and quantum dynamics.The most novel finding is that there is a double peak in Cl+MuCl reaction near the transition state,leaving a free energy well.It comes from the mode softening of the reaction system at the peak of the potential energy surface.Such an explicit free energy well suggests strongly there is an observable resonance.And for the Cl+DCl reaction,the RPMD rate coefficient again gives very accurate results compared with experimental values.The only exception is at the temperature of 312.5 K,results from RPMD and all other theoretical methods are close to each other but slightly lower than the experimental value,which indicates experimental or potential energy surface deficiency.

Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics of the C(^(1)D)+H_(2) Reaction on the Most Recent Potential Energy Surfaces

Ring polymer molecular dynamics(RPMD)calculations for the C(^(1)D)+H_(2)reaction are performed on the Zhang-Ma-Bian ab initio potential energy surfaces(PESs)recently constructed by our group,which are unique in very good descriptions of the regions around conical intersections and of van der Waals(vdW)interactions.The calculated reaction thermal rate coefficients are in very good agreement with the latest experimental results.The rate coefficients obtained from the ground˜a^(1)A′ZMB-a PES are much larger than those from the previous RKHS PES,which can be attributed to that the vdW saddles on our PESs have very different dynamical effects from the vdW wells on the previous PESs,indicating that the RPMD approach is able to include dynamical effects of the topological structures caused by vdW interactions.The importance of the excited˜b^(1)A′′ZMB-b PES and quantum effects in the title reaction is also underscored.

Dynamic analysis of pavement on long span steel bridge decks

In order to analyze the dynamic response of pavement on long-span steel bridge decks under random dynamic loads, the irregularities of the pavement surface is simulated with the power spectrum density function, and the random load is calculated according to a vehicle vibration equation of vehicle model. The mechanical responses of three different cases are compared by using a transient dynamic analysis method, i. e., under random dynamic load, constant moving load and dead load respectively. The results indicate that the mid-span of two adjacent transversal diaphragms is the worst load position. The maximum vertical displacement and the maximum transversal tensile stress of the pavement are 1.33 times and 1.39 times as much as those when only considering the impact coefficients. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for the mixture design and structural design of pavement, but also puts forward higher demand on the construction and maintenance for steel deck pavement.

Numerical analysis of dynamic response of vehicle–bridge coupled system on long-span continuous girder bridge

To systematically study the vehicle-bridge coupled dynamic response and its change rule with different parameters, a vehicle model with seven degrees of freedom was built and the total potential energy of vehicle space vibration system was deduced. Considering the stimulation of road roughness, the dynamic response equation of vehicle-bridge coupled system was established in accordance with the elastic system principle of total potential energy with stationary value and the ＂set-in-right-position＂ rule. On the basis of the self-compiled Fortran program and bridge engineering, the dynamic response of long- span continuous girder bridge under vehicle load was studied. This study also included the calculation of vehicle impact coefficient, evaluation of vibration comfort, and analysis of dynamic response parameters. Results show the impact coefficient changes with lane number and is larger than the value calculated by the ＂general code for design of highway bridges and culverts （China）＂. The Dieckmann index of bridge vibration is also related to lane number, and the vibration comfort evaluation is good in normal conditions. The relevant conclusions from parametric analyses have practical significance to dynamic design and daily operation of long-span continuous girder bridges in expressways. Safety and comfort are expected to improve significantly with further control of the vibration of vehicle-bridge system.

Energy-based dynamic parameter identification for Pasternak foundation model

Parameter identification of Pasternak foundation models(PFM)is never satisfactory,which discourages the application and popularization of PFM.In the present study,an energy-based model to predict the dynamic foundation coefficients was proposed using the vibration kinetic energy and potential energy of a Pasternak foundation-rigid plate system.On the basis of the Pasternak foundation,the relationship among the natural frequency,dynamic foundation coefficients,rigid plate configuration,and vibrating soil equivalent mass per unit area was considered.To obtain the natural frequencies of the Pasternak foundation-rigid plate system,dynamic tests were performed.Using two or more dynamic test results of various rigid plates on a foundation,a set of equations of dynamic foundation coefficients was set up to directly identify the foundation coefficients and equivalent mass per unit area of vibrating soil.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by comparing it with the outdoor and indoor test results and finite element analysis results.When the proposed method is used to obtain the dynamic parameters,PFM can be generalized and applied more widely in engineering practice.

Impact of lubricant traction coefficient on cage's dynamic characteristics in high-speed angular contact ball bearing

In this paper,the formulas of elasto-hydrodynamic traction coefficients of three Chinese aviation lubricating oils,4109,4106 and 4050,were obtained by a great number of elastohydrodynamic traction tests.The nonlinear dynamics differential equations of high-speed angular contact ball bearing were built on the basis of dynamic theory of rolling bearings and solved by Gear Stiff（GSTIFF） integer algorithm with variable step.The impact of lubricant traction coefficient on cage＇s dynamic characteristics in high-speed angular contact ball bearing was investigated,and Poincare map was used to analyze the impact of three types of aviation lubricating oils on the dynamic response of cage＇s mass center.And then,the period of dynamic response of cage＇s mass center and the slip ratio of cage were used to assess the stability of cage under various working conditions.The results of this paper provide the theoretical basis for the selection and application of aviation lubricating oil.

Relevance of zero lift drag coefficient and lift coefficient to Mach number for large aspect ratio winged rigid body

Synthetic analysis is conducted to the wind tunnel experiment results of zero lift drag coefficient and lift coefficient for large aspect ratio winged rigid body.By means of wind tunnel experiment data,the dynamics model of the zero lift drag coefficient and lift coefficient for the large aspect ratio winged rigid body is amended.The research indicates that the change trends of zero lift drag coefficient and lift coefficient to Mach number are similar.The calculation result and wind tunnel experiment data all verify the validity of the amended dynamics model by which to estimate the zero lift drag coefficient and lift coefficient for the large aspect ratio winged rigid body,and thus providing some technical reference to aerodynamics character analysis of the same types of winged rigid body.

Spatial-temporal distribution of debris flow impact pressure on rigid barrier

Grain composition plays a vital role in impact pressure of debris flow. Current approaches treat debris flow as uniform fluid and almost ignore its granular effects. A series of flume experiments have been carried out to explore the granular influence on the impact process of debris flow by using a contact surface pressure gauge sensor(Tactilus~?, produced by Sensor Products LLC). It is found that the maximum impact pressure for debris flow of low density fluctuates drastically with a long duration time while the fluctuation for flow of high density is short in time, respectively presenting logarithmic and linear form in longitudinal attenuation. This can be ascribed to the turbulence effect in the former and grain collisions and grainfluid interaction in the latter. The horizontal distribution of the impact pressure can be considered as the equivalent distribution. For engineering purposes, the longitudinal distribution of the pressure can be generalized to a triangular distribution, from which a new impact method considering granular effects is proposed.

An impact angle constraint integral sliding mode guidance law for maneuvering targets interception

An integral sliding mode guidance law(ISMGL)combined with the advantages of the integral sliding mode control(SMC)method is designed to address maneuvering target interception problems with impact angle constraints.The relative motion equation of the missile and the target considering the impact angle constraint is established in the longitudinal plane,and an integral sliding mode surface is constructed.The proposed guidance law resolves the existence of a steady-state error problem in the traditional SMC.Such a guidance law ensures that the missile hits the target with an ideal impact angle in finite time and the missile is kept highly robust throughout the interception process.By adopting the dynamic surface control method,the ISMGL is designed considering the impact angle constraints and the autopilot dynamic characteristics.According to the Lyapunov stability theorem,all states of the closed-loop system are finally proven to be uniformly bounded.Simulation results are compared with the general sliding mode guidance law and the trajectory shaping guidance law,and the findings verify the effectiveness and superiority of the ISMGL.