Dynamics of electromagnetic slip coupling for hydraulic power steering application and its energy-saving characteristics

To improve high-speed road feel and enhance energetic efficiency of hydraulic power steering(HPS) system in heavy-duty vehicles, an electromagnetic slip coupling(ESC) was applied to the steering system, which regulated discharge flow of steering pump to realize variable assist characteristic as well as uniquely transfer on-demand power from engine to steering pump. The model of ESC was established and the dynamic characteristics of ESC were presented by the way of simulation and experiment. Upon the layout of the assist characteristics, output torque of ESC was derived. Based on the ESC model, the output torque characteristics of ESC were simulated under steering situation and straight driving situation, respectively. The consistency of simulated ESC output torque and the one deduced from assist characteristics verifies the correctness of the ESC dynamic model. To illustrate energy saving characteristics of ESC-HPS, energy consumption comparison of ESC-HPS and conventional HPS was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. It follows that the energy consumption of ESC-HPS decreases by 50% compared with that of HPS.

Designing an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment

This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technology has rapidly advanced in the last few years. At kilowatt power levels, the transmission distance grows from a few millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency greater than 90%. The improvements have made the WPT more appealing for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both static and dynamic charging scenarios. Static and dynamic WEVCS, two of the main applications, are described, and current developments with features from research facilities, academic institutions, and businesses are noted. Additionally, forthcoming concepts based WEVCS are analyzed and examined, including “dynamic” wireless charging systems (WCS). A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, which can supply electricity to moving EVs, is one of the feasible alternatives. The moving secondary coil is part of the dynamic WPT system, which also comprises of many fixed groundside (primary) coils. An equivalent circuit between the stationary system and the dynamic WPT system that results from the stationary system is demonstrated by theoretical investigations. The dynamic WPT system’s solenoid coils outperform circular coils in terms of flux distribution and misalignment. The WPT-related EV wireless charging technologies were examined in this study. WPT can assist EVs in overcoming their restrictions on cost, range, and charging time.

Dynamic Characteristics of Tracked Vehicle Power Train Considering Road Random Torsional Excitation

The road random torsional excitation is one type of torque rooted from the road roughness and vehicle drive system. This paper aims to study how the road random torsional excitation affects the dynamic characteristics of vehicle power train. The method of simulating the random torsional excitation of tracked vehicle is explored at first. Secondly,the road random torsional excitations under different road roughness,vehicle speeds and pre-tensions are obtained. Thirdly,the dynamic analysis model of tracked vehicle power train is constructed with the consideration of the road random torsional excitation. Eventually,the influences of this excitation on output torque,bearing support force,vibration acceleration and dynamic shear stress of transmission shafts are intensively studied.The research conclusions are helpful to correct and refine the present virtual prototype of tracked vehicle power train.

Dynamic characteristics of hydraulic power steering system with accumulator in load-haul-dump vehicle

Using hydraulic power steering system of model EIMCO 922 load-haul-dump vehicle as a simulation example, the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic power steering system in load-haul-dump vehicle were simulated and discussed with SIMULINK software and hydraulic control theory. The results show that the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic power steering system are improved obviously by using bladder accumulator, the hydraulic power steering system of model EIMCO 922 load-haul-dump vehicle generates vibration at the initial stage under the normal steering condition of pulse input, and its static response time is 0.25 s shorter than that without bladder accumulator. Under the normal steering working condition, the capacity of steering accumulator for absorbing pulse is directly proportional to the cross section area of connecting pipeline, and inversely proportional to the length of connecting pipeline. At the same time, the precharge pressure of nitrogen in steering accumulator should be 60%80% of the rated minimum working pressure of hydraulic power steering system. Under the abnormal steering working condition, the steering cylinder piston may obtain higher motion velocity, and the dynamic response velocity of hydraulic power steering system can be increased by reducing the pressure drop of hydraulic pipelines between the accumulator and steering cylinder and by increasing the rated pressure of hydraulic power steering system, but the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic power steering system in load-haul-dump vehicle have nothing to do with the precharge pressure of nitrogen in steering accumulator.

Optimization Study on Expansion Energy Used Air-Powered Vehicle with Pneumatic-Hydraulic Transmission

Pneumatic-hydraulic transmission has been developed for years. However, its dynamic properties are not good enough for application. In this paper, in order to increase the output characteristics, a late-model air-powered vehicle using expansion energy is proposed which can boost energy through a pneumatic-hydraulic transmission. The dynamic characteristics of the air-powered vehicle is modeled and verified by conducting experiment. In addition,the influence of the key parameters of the air-powered vehicle is researched for the optimization of the system performance. Through the results, the author got the conclusion that, firstly, comparison of the results of model and experiment proves the built model to be effective; secondly, input air pressure should be set according to the request of the practical loads, and range of 0.65 to 0.75 MPa can be chosen; thirdly, as a key structure parameter of the airpowered vehicle, ratio of the areas is considered to be set to approximate 8; what’s more, a bigger orifice with a limit will promote the system dynamic characteristic property, and the limit is about 3.5 mm; last but not the least, not too farther position of the rings will increase the quality of output dynamic characteristics. This paper can be a reference for system design of air-powered vehicle and dynamic improvement.

含电动汽车和光伏的配电网演化动态博弈调度策略

针对大规模电动汽车的无序充电行为可能导致电网出现的三相不平衡问题,基于演化动态博弈模型,提出一种考虑三相负荷平衡和光伏消纳的电动汽车充电调度策略。首先,基于电动汽车接入时段的主观性以及光伏出力和负荷的不确定性,引入游牧集群和定居集群之间的演化动态博弈方程;然后,考虑用户侧和电网侧双方利益关系,设计以最小化电动汽车充电费用、三相负荷不平衡度和无功需求为目标的调度优化模型;最后,通过对某商业区配电网算例进行仿真求解,对比分析三相有功曲线、三相无功曲线以及荷电状态曲线的变化趋势。算例结果表明,该调度策略可有效降低三相不平衡度,满足无功补偿的需求以及改善用户充电成本。

Theory and practice for assessing structural integrity and dynamical integrity of high-speed trains

Purpose–The safety and reliability of high-speed trains rely on the structural integrity of their components and the dynamic performance of the entire vehicle system.This paper aims to define and substantiate the assessment of the structural integrity and dynamical integrity of high-speed trains in both theory and practice.The key principles and approacheswill be proposed,and their applications to high-speed trains in Chinawill be presented.Design/methodology/approach–First,the structural integrity and dynamical integrity of high-speed trains are defined,and their relationship is introduced.Then,the principles for assessing the structural integrity of structural and dynamical components are presented and practical examples of gearboxes and dampers are provided.Finally,the principles and approaches for assessing the dynamical integrity of highspeed trains are presented and a novel operational assessment method is further presented.Findings–Vehicle system dynamics is the core of the proposed framework that provides the loads and vibrations on train components and the dynamic performance of the entire vehicle system.For assessing the structural integrity of structural components,an open-loop analysis considering both normal and abnormal vehicle conditions is needed.For assessing the structural integrity of dynamical components,a closed-loop analysis involving the influence of wear and degradation on vehicle system dynamics is needed.The analysis of vehicle system dynamics should follow the principles of complete objects,conditions and indices.Numerical,experimental and operational approaches should be combined to achieve effective assessments.Originality/value–The practical applications demonstrate that assessing the structural integrity and dynamical integrity of high-speed trains can support better control of critical defects,better lifespan management of train components and better maintenance decision-making for high-speed trains.

某纯电驱动重载车辆能耗预测模型

高精度能耗预测模型是准确预测车辆续驶里程的重要前提。针对载荷大幅度变化且非结构化道路运行的纯电驱动重载车辆,建立其组合能耗模型,该模型由能耗计算基本模型与长短时记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络差值修正两部分组成。基于能量流动过程驱动电机和变速器效率建模,结合汽车行驶动力学建立能耗计算基本模型;采用LSTM神经网络来修正基本模型能耗预测结果与车辆典型工况功率测试值的差值,有效提高了大幅变载荷且低信噪比坡度环境下的车辆能耗预测精度,因此组合能耗模型具有参数简单和模型拟合不需解释能耗规律的优点。经试验测试分析,与VT-Micro能耗模型和径向基(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络能耗模型相比,所提组合能耗模型的功率预测平均误差率分别降低了17.76%和3.35%,能够实现纯电驱动重载车辆复杂工况下能耗的准确实时预测。

基于功率转速双闭环的增程器发电功率动态控制策略

针对电动汽车内燃发电增程器发电功率动态控制存在的控制精度不高、响应滞后和反向超调等问题,提出并设计了一种结合功率/转速双闭环的增程器发电功率动态控制策略。该策略基于高效运行曲线进行发电功率的转矩/转速解耦,同时考虑了基于实际发电功率反馈的内燃机目标发电转矩修正、发电转矩转速动态协调修正。变工况发电试验结果表明,增程器发电过程中的发电功率最大正向超调为1.37 kW,最大反向超调为1.89 kW,稳态误差均小于0.01 kW,功率上升响应时间约为2.5 s,功率下降响应时间约为2.8 s,且工作点均在高效运行曲线附近。该增程器发电功率动态控制策略能够减少瞬态发电功率的响应滞后和反向超调的问题,在工程实践中具备可行性。

考虑电力-交通耦合网动态协调的EV集群灵活性挖掘与优化调度

电动汽车(EV)作为兼具交通与能量双重属性的跨域主体,发挥其时空灵活性将助力电力-交通耦合网的协调运行。为此,文中考虑电力-交通耦合网综合效益,提出了EV集群调控策略。首先,基于弧阻抗函数构建了动态交通网络加载模型。其次,考虑EV用户的各特征参数存在的差异性与耦合性,构建了单体EV灵活运行域模型,并采用基于zonotope线性近似的闵可夫斯基和算法对其聚合,得到EV集群的时变灵活运行域。在此基础上,提出了动态交通流最优分配下EV集群灵活性调控的双层模型,迭代求解得到上下两层耦合变量构成的瞬时单位流量出行成本,从而引导EV的出行与充放电行为。最后,通过与最短路径引导策略进行比较,验证了所提EV集群调控策略的有效性。

机动状态下国产铯原子钟稳定性分析

车载机动状态下的守时系统可以满足一些特殊应用场合的实际需求,其核心部分便是原子钟。主要利用守时车辆在三级道路上移动前后的数据,分析了国产小型铯原子钟在无溯源车载机动状态下的动态Allan标准偏差(ADEV)以及噪声的幂律谱,为未来国产小型铯原子钟的移动应用提供支撑。结果表明,铯原子钟车载机动状态对铯原子钟的频率稳定度有一定的影响,ADEV的采样时间τ为1~1000 s频率稳定度最大恶化了1.15×10^(-11),恶化约一个数量级;采样时间τ≥1000 s稳定度恶化相对较小,最大恶化了8.74×10^(-13),恶化一倍左右。在噪声方面,铯原子钟机动状态主要受到白色调相噪声的影响。

弓网系统动态升弓问题关键影响因素研究

以铁路车辆系统中弓网系统为研究对象,针对列车运行过程中不同供电制式(AC/DC)切换时产生的动态升降弓问题,建立弓网系统升降弓接触动力学模型,并结合升降弓地面试验验证该模型的准确性。基于弓网系统升降弓接触动力学模型,利用正交实验方法研究影响升弓动力学的关键因素以及考虑接触线拉出值条件下动力学性能变化规律,得到了弓网系统合理的升弓参数范围。结果表明:升弓条件下,影响弓网动力学关键因素为弓头质量、升弓速度和接触线拉出值位置。

组合动力飞行器吸气段轨迹设计方法研究

水平起降组合动力可重复使用运载器是未来航天运输系统的重要发展方向。针对采用空气预冷涡轮火箭发动机的组合动力飞行器在吸气爬升段受多约束条件限制、动力与质量特性变化大的特点,提出了一种基于动压高度剖面的轨迹设计方法。通过推导基于高度的质点运动学方程,得到轨迹参数解算流程,并结合动压、迎角与法向过载的约束边界以及任务窗口确定动压高度剖面形状,从而得到满足要求的吸气段标称轨迹。在此基础上,设计了标称轨迹高度跟踪制导律。仿真结果表明,标称轨迹在吸气段多种不确定性偏差的影响下满足多约束要求,具有较强的鲁棒性。

弹性飞行器飞行动力学建模与刚柔耦合阶次分析

基于虚功率原理与混合坐标法,建立了弹性飞行器的飞行动力学模型。发现了附加在弹性结构上的部件会对飞行器姿轨运动与结构振动产生影响,从而给出了耦合系数与模态质量的修正项。定义了描述弹性变形项保留程度的刚柔耦合阶次,并以由弹性本体和刚体舵面组成的刚柔耦合多体系统为例,通过对比不同刚柔耦合阶次下动力学模型的时域响应与保守系统的动量计算结果,分析了动力学模型及动量公式中弹性变形项的保留阶次对动力学响应及动量计算精度的影响。揭示了传统模型忽略弹性变形高阶项可能导致的误差水平,为弹性飞行器动力学模型的简化与验证提供了参考。

融合路网-电网信息的电动汽车充放电行为引导与调控策略

在智慧城市理念快速发展的背景下,电动汽车(EV)无引导的出行与无序的充放电行为影响着电力-交通耦合网络的安全高效运行。针对此问题,提出一种融合路网-电网信息的EV充放电行为引导与调控两阶段优化策略。首先,分析电力-交通耦合网络的交互影响因素和方式,提出EV充放电出行路径引导和调控架构;其次,提出融合路网-电网信息的EV充放电出行决策电价动态更新策略,并建立计及用户时间-经济成本的EV充放电出行路径决策优化模型;然后,兼顾多方主体利益,建立EV充放电调控模型;最后,仿真结果表明,所提策略能够综合考虑路网和电网实时运行状态,充分挖掘EV在路径引导与充放电调控过程中的可调潜力,实现系统协调运行和多方共赢。

城市轨道交通车体垂向振动对弓网受流性能的影响

[目的]既有对接触网系统动力学仿真的研究大多基于受电弓底座仅有纵向自由度的假设,忽略了轮轨激励引起的车体垂向振动对弓网受流性能的影响,需要将车辆-受电弓-接触网(以下简称“车-弓-网”)作为一个整体予以研究。[方法]分别建立了刚性接触网、柔性接触网两种接触网类型下的弓网耦合动力学模型及车-弓-网多体动力学模型。在案例线路上进行了弓网动态受流试验,对所建的刚性接触网车-弓-网多体动力学模型的计算结果进行了可行性验证。基于列车运行速度为80 km/h、90 km/h、100 km/h、110 km/h及120 km/h五种速度工况,选取了其中两种速度工况对刚性接触网受电弓绝缘子底座处的垂向动态响应进行了分析,并在五种速度工况下分别对两种接触网类型下弓网模型、车-弓-网模型的各动态响应参数进行了对比分析。[结果及结论]所建车-弓-网多体动力学模型的模拟计算结果是合理的。车体振动会对弓网受流性能产生一定影响:柔性接触网下车体垂向振动对弓网受流性能影响很小,可不予考虑;刚性接触网下,与未考虑车体垂向振动的弓网模型相比,考虑了车体垂向振动的车-弓-网模型计算得到的弓网接触压力统计最小值、弓头最大抬升位移均随列车运行速度的增加而增加,弓网接触压力统计最小值变化率的最大值为24.7%,弓头最大抬升位移变化率的最大值为4.2%。

无人驾驶混合动力汽车轨迹跟踪节能控制融合研究

为进一步提高无人驾驶混合动力汽车轨迹跟踪精度和能耗经济性,提出了一种轨迹跟踪节能控制融合策略。首先,建立车辆运动学模型,采用模型预测控制策略对车辆进行轨迹跟踪控制;在此基础上,以速度为交互变量,提出了一种三阶段动态规划节能控制策略,在线优化最优经济性函数,以降低整车能耗总成本;最后,选择相互独立的纯跟踪轨迹跟踪算法与功率跟随节能控制策略进行比较。结果表明,所提出的轨迹跟踪节能控制融合策略提高了轨迹跟踪效果,降低了整车能耗总成本,轨迹跟踪精度提高了70.47%,纯电动和混合驱动模式下能耗总成本分别下降了4.52%和25.10%。

融合轨面短波不平顺的全波段高低不平顺谱表征及影响分析

轨道不平顺谱是表征轨道不平顺幅频特性的有效工具。目前,高速铁路轨道不平顺谱的研究主要聚焦在波长2 m及以上成分,甚少涉及轨面短波不平顺谱。基于大量无砟轨道高速铁路实测数据,研究轨面短波不平顺谱的表达函数及其与中长波轨道不平顺谱衔接的适应性。结果表明:两段幂函数能够很好地表征轨面短波不平顺谱。采用对数坐标系下的5阶多项式拟合全波段高低不平顺谱,实现中长波和短波成分在波长1~2 m范围内的平缓过渡。实测数据表明高速行车条件下,短波高低不平顺对轮轨垂向力及轴箱、构架和车体垂向加速度等指标均存在显著影响,全波段高低不平顺谱的建立对轮轨振动仿真分析、车辆和轨道结构设计以及轨道状态评估具有重要意义。

公交车移动荷载作用下浅埋电力隧道结构动力响应分析

为研究浅埋电力隧道在公交车移动荷载作用下的结构动力响应情况,以某城市既有浅埋电力隧道为例,建立了“公交车荷载-道路-电力隧道”多元耦合动力分析模型,并对公交车移动荷载加以简化,重点分析了公交车以36、54、72 km/h三种车速情况下路面和隧道顶板的动力响应特征。结果表明,在36、54、72 km/h三种不同车速条件下,路面和隧道顶板的最大沉降量和最大振动应力幅值随车速变化的幅度较小,而它们的最大振动速度幅值和最大振动加速度幅值随车速变化的幅度较大,但整体上路面和隧道顶板的振动效应随车速提高而增长。因此,在实际工程中应加强管控高速运营公交车辆对既有电力隧道产生的不利振动影响。

基于改进ADMM的新能源发电与新能源汽车动态消纳微网控制模型

光伏、风力新能源发电随机性较强导致能源不易消纳,由此提出一种基于改进ADMM的新能源发电与新能源汽车动态消纳微网控制模型。利用留存分析法改进LSTM模型用以预测新能源的发电功率和新能源汽车充电负荷,达到预知供电能力和用电负荷的目的;通过改进的ADMM模型根据预测供电能力和用户负荷的差额,对新能源汽车充电负荷进行控制,实现新能源发电量动态控制消纳。实验结果表明,该方法相比于传统方法,可以提高57%的能源利用率。