Roles of Aqueous Extract of Marigold on Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Damage in Pancreatic Islet β-Cells

Roles of Marigold extracts (ME) on arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced oxidative damage to pancreatic β-cells need to be further elucidated. In this study, NIT-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of and/or ATO, following by the cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay. Then, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxide (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured with a fluorescence probe method and colorimetric assay, respectively. The apoptosis rate and morphology was detected and observed with hoechst 33,258 staining assay. The mRNA levels and protein expressions of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein immunoblotting assay, respectively. Our results indicated that Co-treatment with ME and ATO exacerbated the cell viability decreasing reduced by ATO, while the addition of ME after ATO treatment effectively promote the recovery of ATO reduced survival rates. The ATO group increased apoptosis (P P β-cells by modulating the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Herbicidal Activities of Eupatorium adenophorum Extracts by 3 Extraction Methods

[ Objective ] The paper was to screen the better extraction method for herbicidal active substances of Eupatorium adenophorum. [ Method ] Three com- mon extraction methods, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction and conventional extraction method, were used to prepare E. adenophorum extracts, and the herblcidal activity of E. adenophorum extracts extracted by 3 methods was studied by seed germination method. [ Result] The extraction rate of Soxhlet extraction was the highest of （22.54 ± 0.48 ）%, and the herbicidal activities of E. adenophorum extracted by Soxhlet extraction was relatively stronger. [ Conclusion] Soxhlet extraction was the better extraction method for herbicidal active substances of E. adenophorum.

Effect of diets supplemented with linseed alone or combined with vitamin E and selenium or with plant extracts,on Longissimus thoracis transcriptome in growing-finishing Italian Large White pigs

Background: Supplementing farm animals diet with functional ingredients may improve the nutritional quality of meat products.Diet composition has been also demonstrated to influence the gene expression with effect on biological processes and pathways.However,the knowledge on the effect of nutrients at the molecular level is scant.In particular,studies on the effects of antioxidants and polyphenols dietary supplementation have been investigated mainly in rodents,and only scarcely in farm animals so far.RNA-Seq with next-generation sequencing is increasingly the method of choice for studying changes in the transcriptome and it has been recently employed also in pig nutrigenomics studies to identify diet-induced changes in gene expression.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of diets enriched with functional ingredients(linseed,vitamin E and plant extracts) on the transcriptome of pig Longissimus thoracis to elucidate the role of these compounds in influencing genes involved in muscle physiology and metabolism compared to a standard diet.Results: Eight hundred ninety-three significant differentially expressed genes(DEGs)(FDR adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05)were detected by RNA-Seq analysis in the three diet comparisons(D2-D1,D3-D1,D4-D1).The functional analysis of DEGs showed that the diet enriched with n-3 PUFA from linseed(D2) mostly downregulated genes in pathways and biological processes(BPs) related to muscle development,contraction,and glycogen metabolism compared to the standard diet.The diet supplemented with linseed and vitamin E/Selenium(D3) showed to mostly downregulate genes linked to oxidative phosphorylation.Only few genes involved in extracellular matrix(ECM)organization were upregulated by the D3.Finally,the comparison D4-D1 showed that the diet supplemented with linseed and plant extracts(D4) upregulated the majority of genes compared to D1 that were involved in a complex network of pathways and BPs all connected by hub genes.In particular,IGF2 was a hub gene connecting protein metabolism,ECM organization,immune system and lipid biosynthesis pathways.Conclusion: The supplementation of pig diet with n-3 PUFA from linseed,antioxidants and plant-derived polyphenols can influence the expression of a relevant number of genes in Longissimus thoracis muscle that are involved in a variety of biochemical pathways linked to muscle function and metabolism.

Optimization of Extraction Process for Polysaccharides of Urtica fissa E. Pritz.

[Objectives] To study the optimal extraction process for polysaccharides of Urtica fissa E. Pritz. [Methods] Leaves of wild U. fissa E. Pritz. collected in Nyingchi of Tibet were used as raw materials. Water extraction method was used to extract polysaccharides from U. fissa E. Pritz. Besides,comparison was made for the effects of extraction time,extraction temperature and solid-to-liquid ratio on the yield rate of polysaccharides from U. fissa E. Pritz. In addition,using the extraction time,extraction temperature and solid-to-liquid ratio as factors,L9( 33) orthogonal experiment was carried out to determine the optimal process parameters for water extraction of polysaccharides from U. fissa E. Pritz.[Results] The optimal process parameters: hot water extraction time was 4 h,the extraction temperature was 90℃,and the mass ratio of water to leaves of U. fissa E. Pritz. was 1∶ 25. Under such extraction conditions,the yield rate of polysaccharides from U. fissa E. Pritz.was up to 11. 611%. [Conclusions]This experiment is expected to provide certain reference for reasonable development and utilization of wild U. fissa E. Pritz. resources in Tibet.

Antibiotic resistant Esherichia coli strains from seafood and its susceptibility to seaweed extracts

Objective:To determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli(E. coli),in seafood obtained from Cuddalore and Parangipettai fish landing centres.Also,to identify the susceptibility of E.coli against predominant seaweeds red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii(K.alvarezii) and brown alga Padina boergessenii(P.boergessenii) extracts as sulfated polysaccharides and polyphenols respectively.Methods:A total of 48 samples(Two stations Cuddalore and Parangipettai,Tamil Nadu,India).Sampling area are fish landing centre where fishes caught from sea and estuary,seafood processing plants(packing and ice packed fishes) and local fish markets(fish samples).After isolation totally 80 strains were analyzed for its antimicrobial resistance and sensitivity against commercially 10 antibiotics.The ampicillin resistant E.coli CE21 was identified through molecular techniques as I6S rDNA sequencing. Two seaweeds K.alvarezii and P.boergessenii were screened lor antibacterial activity against 12 antibiotic resistant E.coli strains.Results:Totally 48 swabbed samples from two different fish handling area were characterized for total bacterial and E.coli count.Mostly,the E.coli strains were isolated from fish local market and seafood processing plants before and after packaging process.In that maximum 56.25%strains were resistant to ampicillin and the minimum 2.5%strains were resistant to chloramphenicol.Therefore,the E.coli CE21 was identified through molecular techniques E.coli(GenBank accession number GU065251),The MIC value for polyphenol extract was slightly less than sulfated polysaccharides.E.coli strain isolated from Parangipettai was considerably increased MIC value that Cuddalore.Conclusions: The polyphenol and sulfated polysaccharides showed promising inhibitory response against all antimicrobial resistant E.coli strains and in particular the inhibitory response of ampicillin resistant E.coli.

The Protective Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin Drug in Male Rats

Objective: This work was designed to determine the productive effect of grape seed proanthocynadine extract (GSPE) and Vitamin E against Doxorubicin (DOX) induced myocardial toxicity in 50 male. Wister rates were divided in five groups. The 1st group was untreated and served as a control. The 2nd group was treated with DOX only, the 3rd group was pretreated with GSPE, the 4th group was pretreated with Vitamin E, and the 5th group was pretreated with GSPE and Vitamin E. DOX was administered by single i.p (Intraperitonial) injection of 15 mg/kg/body weight to induce cardio toxicity and Vitamin E was administered at a dose of 400 IU/kg/bodyweight/day, p.o (per oral) for 10 days prior to DOX administration [1]. GSPE was given at a dose of 150 mg/kg/bodyweight/ day, p.o (per oral) for 10 days before treatment with DOX. After 2 weeks experimental period, blood samples and heart tissues were taken from all groups. The general observations, mortality, histopathology, biomarker enzymes like Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Antioxidants such as Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored after 2 weeks of the last dose. Results: Administration of DOX caused cardiomyopathy associated with an antioxidant deficiency. Pretreatment with GSPE and Vitamin E significantly (P < 0.01) protected the myocardium from the toxic effects of DOX by reducing the elevated level of biomarkers and diagnostic enzymes like LDH, CPK, AST, and ALT to normal levels. GSPE and Vitamin E increased the GSH, SOD and CAT levels and decreased the MDA levels in cardiac tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest a cardioprotective effect of GSPE and Vitamin E due to its antioxidant properties.

Therapeutic effects of Byrsocarpus coccineus root bark extract on bacterially and chemically induced diarrhea in the Wistar albino rat(Rattus norvegicus domestica)

Background : Diarrhea can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms and chemicals. In view of this, Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum and Thonn(Connaraceae) was used to treat diarrhea induced by castor oil or bacteria in Wistar albino rats. Methods : Qualitative and quantitative analyses of an aqueous root back extract of B. coccineus were made and the acute toxicity, antidiarrhea properties, and in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of the extract were investigated in rats. Results : The phytochemical analysis of the root bark extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, and phenols. The quantitative analysis showed that saponins formed 10.6% of the extract, tannins 7.6%, flavonoids 6.2%, phenol 5.8% and alkaloids 4.4%. A dose limit of 5000 mg/kg was safe to use in the rats. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the extract decreased distance travelled by activated charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract, frequency of defecation, and number of unformed faeces caused by castor oil-induced diarrhea, and led to 74.96% inhibition of the diarrhea effects. Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum were susceptible to higher concentrations of the extract with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3125 mg/m L. E. coli-infected rats showed depression, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, and weakness, which was ameliorated by the extract on day 2 post treatment. Observed congestion, cellular infiltration and necrosis of the liver, intestine and kidney following infection were improved by the extract. Conclusion : B. coccineus extract can be used in the treatment of anaemia, and castor oil-and E. coli-induced diarrhea in rats.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-enzymatic Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz by Response Surface Methodology and Content Determination

[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.

Effect of the Ginseng extractive E on experimental climacteric disturbance in rats

Objective To search the effects of the extractive E of Ginseng(EG)on experimental climacteric syndrome in rats.Methods Extirpating the both sides of ovary of rats to turbulence estrogen secretion,induce climacteric syndrome.The weight,bite and sup,substance of bone,blood lipid,calcium urine biochemistry,estrodiol,behavior perfomance were also observed.Results The body weight of ovariotomied rat was controlled,bone density was increased,estradiol level increased,the weight of bone increased.Conclusions EG ameliorated climacteric syndrome.Increase bone density and bone mine content,enhanced the level of estradiol.

A Simple Procedure for Extraction of Surface Protein of Salmonella Serotypes and Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Poultry and Pigs

Salmonella and E.coli possess different surface protein structures that can induce protective immune responses.Identification of these proteins capacitates development of diverse applications in prevention and diagnosis that contribute to effectively control disease-causing enterobacteria pathogens such as Salmonella and E.coli.A simple procedure for obtaining protein complexes of Salmonella serotypes and E.coli is performed in this study.A sonication process with heat treatment of whole bacteria induced the release of protein complexes.Concentration of the protein extract was quantified using protein quantification Kits-Rapid,and protein complex profile was obtained by SDS-PAGE(Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)and silver staining.The concentrations of protein ranged from 29.45 to 45.35μg/mL in the Salmonella protein extracts,and from 25.35 to 36.72μg/mL in the E.coli protein extracts.Six major groups of proteins from E.coli(YfiO,NipB,OmpF,YfgL,Talc,YaeT)and four major groups of proteins from Salmonella(Flagellin,OmpA,Porin,SEF21)were preliminarily determined by a simple procedure of extraction based on the molecular weight.

Box-Behnken响应面法结合多指标综合评分法优化俄色叶(变叶海棠)配方颗粒的提取工艺

目的:建立了俄色叶(变叶海棠)配方颗粒的最佳提取工艺条件。方法:采用高效液相色谱法同时测定俄色叶(变叶海棠)中的绿原酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、根皮苷、槲皮素、根皮素的含量。在单因素试验的基础上,以浸泡时间、料液比、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,上述7种成分含量、总黄酮、出膏率的综合评分为考察指标,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化俄色叶(变叶海棠)配方颗粒的提取工艺。结果:俄色叶(变叶海棠)配方颗粒的最佳提取工艺为俄色叶饮片加水煎煮2次,第一次加15倍量水,浸泡30 min,煎煮45 min;第二次加13倍量水,煎煮45 min,滤过,合并煎液,即得。经过3次实验验证,所得平均综合评分为0.91(RSD=0%,n=3),与预测综合评分(0.938)的相对误差较小(3.08%)结论:Box-Behnken响应面法结合多指标综合评分法可用于俄色叶(变叶海棠)配方颗粒提取工艺优化,且所得最佳提取工艺稳定、简单、重现性好,可为俄色叶(变叶海棠)配方颗粒的制备及工业化大生产提供基础。

PRiME HLB固相萃取结合UPLC-QTOF-MS测定烟液与烟丝中的依托咪酯

待测样品经乙腈提取后,使用PRi ME HLB固相萃取柱对样品提取液进行净化,经ACE EXCEL C18(2.1mm×50mm,2μm)色谱柱分离,以甲醇-5mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)作为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源正模式(ESI+),目标物二级离子模式(Targeted MS/MS)进行质谱分析。依托咪酯在2ng·m L^(-1)~200ng·m L^(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.999,在0.2μg·g^(-1),1.0μg·g^(-1),5.0μg·g^(-1)3个水平的加标回收率为86.6%~94.6%,RSD为3.1%~4.3%(n=9)。本方法具有操作简易快速、定性定量准确等特点。

HPLC-MS/MS测定人脑脊液中多黏菌素E1和E2的方法及临床应用

目的建立一种新的盐析辅助液-液萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术,快速测定人脑脊液中多黏菌素E1和E2浓度的方法。方法以多黏菌素B1为内标,用乙腈萃取脑脊液样本,甲酸铵作为盐析剂进行液-液萃取。并对盐析剂浓度、盐析剂体积以及萃取剂体积进行了优化。色谱柱采用Waters Xselect■HSS T3(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5μm),流动相用乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液,采用梯度洗脱方式,检测时间6 min。结果在优选实验条件下,脑脊液中多黏菌素E1和E2分别在0.20~8.00μg·ml^(-1)(r=0.9960),0.35~14.12μg·ml^(-1)(r=0.9984)范围线性良好。待测物的准确度均在91.4%~109.0%范围,日内、日间精密度的相对标准偏差均低于9.5%。多黏菌素E1的提取回收率为77.7%~84.3%,多黏菌素E2的提取回收率为60.3%~68.3%。待测物在脑脊液中无明显基质效应。脑脊液样品在采集、储存、预处理过程中均能保持稳定。结论该方法操作简便,实验成本低,准确度高,重现性好,可应用于临床患者脑脊液中多黏菌素E1和E2的浓度测定。

麦胚中天然维生素E的SFE-CO_2最佳提取工艺的研究

本研究以小麦胚芽为原料 ,利用超临界流体萃取技术从麦胚中提取天然维生素E。将萃取压力、萃取温度和CO2 流量作为中心组合旋转设计的变量 ,进行响应曲面分析 ,确定了其最佳工艺参数和条件。结果表明 :麦胚中天然维生素E的超临界CO2 提取的最佳工艺参数为萃取压力为2 9 1MPa ,萃取温度为 316K ,CO2 流量为 2ml/min。

维生素E和银杏叶提取物对3种氯代烯烃细胞毒性的拮抗作用

目的 探讨维生素E和银杏叶提取物(ginkgobilobaextract,GbE)对三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene ,TCE)、四氯乙烯(perchloroethylene ,PCE)和二氯乙烯(dichloroethylene ,DCE)所致人角质形成细胞(keratinocyte ,KC)细胞毒性的拮抗作用。方法 利用中性红吸附(neutralreduptake ,NRU)试验和乳酸脱氢酶(lactatedehydrogenase ,LDH)释放试验分别测定细胞活力和细胞毒性,分析维生素E和GbE对3种氯代烯烃的细胞毒性拮抗作用。结果 维生素E和GbE对3种氯代烯烃的细胞毒性具有明显的拮抗作用,在10～10 0mmol L(mg L)范围内呈明显的剂量 效应关系,当维生素E浓度达到5 0mmol L ,GbE浓度达到15 0mg L时,细胞基本恢复为正常的状态。结论 vE和GbE对3种氯代烯烃所致KC细胞毒性的拮抗作用可能与它们稳定细胞膜结构,减少细胞膜损伤有关。

从大豆油脱臭馏出物中制备维生素E的工艺研究

研究采用酯化—蒸馏工艺 ,从大豆油脱臭馏出物中制备维生素E的方法。实验结果表明 ,最佳的工艺条件为 :馏出物∶甲醇 (w/v) 10∶10 ,冷析温度 :0℃ ,酯化时间 :2h。该工艺可使馏出物中维生素E的含量从 3 3%提高到 9 4 8% ;若采用 95 %乙醇进一步萃取可使维生素E含量提高到 12 4 9%。

不同提取方式茶叶籽油脂肪酸及V_E组成分析与比较

以脱壳茶叶籽为原料,分别采用超临界CO2选择性萃取、压榨法及索氏法从茶叶籽中提取茶叶籽油,采用国标方法分析了不同提取方式得到的茶叶籽油的脂肪酸组成及VE组成。结果表明:采用三段式超临界CO2选择性萃取,不同萃取阶段得到的茶叶籽油脂肪酸组成存在一定变化规律,随着萃取压力及温度的升高,超临界CO2萃取出部分微量脂肪酸,包括:C14∶0、C16∶1、C20∶0,而这些脂肪酸在采用压榨法及索氏法提取得到的茶叶籽油中未检出。茶叶籽油中VE以α-VE为主,采用三段式超临界CO2选择性萃取茶叶籽油,VE主要在第一阶段被萃取出来,后呈逐段降低趋势,而且第一阶段茶叶籽油中VE含量高于压榨法及索氏法。

菜籽油脱臭馏出物中维生素E萃取分离的研究

菜籽油脱臭馏出物中含有丰富的维生素E,是获得天然维生素E的较好来源。本文采用溶剂萃取法,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了萃取剂种类、萃取温度、苯甲醇体积分数等因素对萃取效果的影响。结果表明:以异丙醇-苯甲醇混合溶剂为萃取剂,在萃取温度60℃、苯甲醇体积分数为5%时,可以使原料中维生素E的浓度由3.8%提高到9.4%,为进一步提纯维生素E提供了较好原料。

碳糊电极萃取溶出伏安行为及电化学测定维生素E

提出了一种利用碳糊电极测定维生素E的方法。用硝酸作氧化剂,将非电活性的维生素E转化为具有电活性的醌型化合物 生育酚红,研究了生育酚红在特制碳糊电极上的萃取伏安行为和电极反应机理。在1.2mol·L-1HNO3 89%的乙醇介质中,维生素E在电极上开路吸附、萃取预富集后,进行阳极溶出伏安测定,维生素E在3.00×10-5～9.88×10-4mol·L-1范围内峰电流与浓度呈线性关系,检出限为6×10-6mol·L-1,将此法应用于维生素E药品的分析中。

迷迭香、茶多酚、V_E对干腌火腿贮藏过程中抗脂质氧化及护色效果的研究

采用迷迭香、茶多酚、VE及其复合剂为抗氧化剂,喷淋于干腌火腿切块表面,研究其对切块火腿脂质抗氧化和护色的效果。结果表明:各处理组与空白对照差异显著(P<0.05)。4个月后单一组茶多酚(T)、迷迭香(R)、VE(V)的过氧化值(POV)分别比空白对照降低了21%、51%、23%,TBARs值降低了12%、57%、36%;茶多酚+迷迭香(TR)、茶多酚+VE(TV)、迷迭香+VE(RV)的POV值分别降低了40%、39%、30%,TBARs值降低了46%、57%、48%。单一组中迷迭香抗氧化效果最佳(P<0.05),复合剂的相乘效用使其比单一组表现出更好的抗氧化效果(P<0.05),与BHT的效果相当。茶多酚(T)、迷迭香(R)、茶多酚+VE(TV)的护色效果显著(P<0.05)。