miR-200c/ZEB1/E-cadherin轴在胆管癌转移侵袭中的作用及对胆管癌预后评估的价值

目的:探讨微小RNA-200c(miR-200c)/锌指转录因子(ZEB1)/E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)在胆管癌(HCCA)转移、侵袭中的作用及对HCCA预后评估的临床价值。方法:选取2020年08月至2022年12月间我院收治的胆管癌患者36例为研究对象,同时选取胆管良性疾病患者(胆总管结石或胆管良性狭窄)20例作为对照。采用原位杂交、实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-200c在HCCA患者组织及血清中的表达;生存曲线分析miR-200c表达与总生存期的相关性;Transwell实验检测细胞的迁移及侵袭能力;免疫印迹检测ZEB1及E-cadherin蛋白的表达。体内研究构建裸鼠成瘤实验,采用免疫组化检测ZEB1及E-cadherin蛋白的表达;Tunel技术检测组织中的凋亡情况。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估生物标志物对胆管癌预后的诊断效能。结果:miR-200c低表达于HCCA组织及血清中;生存曲线分析显示,miR-200c表达与患者的总生存期呈正相关性,TNM分期与患者的总生存期呈负相关性;miR-200c mimics抑制了胆管癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,并降低ZEB1表达而诱导E-cadherin表达;转染ZEB1逆转miR-200c的作用效应,促进胆管癌细胞的迁移和侵袭特性,抑制胆管癌细胞的凋亡。CA199、CEA和miR-200c联合检测诊断胆管癌预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.892,灵敏度0.8611,特异度0.8000。结论:miR-200c/ZEB1/Ecadherin轴参与胆管癌的转移侵袭;CA199、CEA和miR-200c联合检测对胆管癌预后的诊断效能良好,对临床胆管癌的治疗策略具有重要指导价值。

Faithfulness:the Basic Standard for Chinese-English Contract Translation

Contract,as a legal agreement,stipulates the obligations and rights for both the buyer and the seller,therefore the appropriateness of contract translation is highly required. This paper first demonstrates that "faithfulness" is the basic standard for Chinese-English (thereafter shortened as C-E) contract translation. Then by using some examples to illustrate how the criteria of "faithfulness" is put into practice.

血清MMP-9、E-选择素、SAA及CRP鉴别小儿肺炎感染类型的价值

目的:探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、E-选择素、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)及C反应蛋白(CRP)鉴别小儿肺炎感染类型的价值。方法:选择2020年12月至2022年12月在甘肃省妇幼保健院诊治的肺炎患儿96例作为研究对象,在96例患儿中,病原体检测结果为病毒性感染的患儿66例(病毒组),细菌性感染的患儿30例(细菌组)。检测所有患儿的血清MMP-9、E-选择素、SAA、CRP水平,比较各指标在不同感染类型患儿中的差异,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各指标的诊断价值。结果:与细菌组患儿相比,病毒组患儿的血清MMP-9、E-选择素、SAA、CRP水平均明显更高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清MMP-9、E-选择素、SAA、CRP鉴别小儿肺炎感染类型的的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.727、0.715、0.678、0.669。结论:小儿肺炎感染类型以病毒性感染为主,且病毒性感染肺炎患儿多伴随有血清MMP-9、E-选择素、SAA、CRP的水平升高。血清MMP-9、E-选择素、SAA、CRP对小儿肺炎感染类型的鉴别价值均较高。

An interpretation of J. C. Catford＇s A linguistic theory of translation

J. C. Catford is a world-renowned British linguist and translation theorist, and also an outstanding representative of the linguistic school of translation. His famous work A linguistic theory of translation was first published by Oxford University Press in 1965, and republished in 1967. It was among the list of the series of language and linguistic studies of Oxford University. This essay attempts to interpret this great book in five aspects, namely, definition of translation, types of translation, translation equivalence, transference, and limits of translatability, and tries to probe into the positive impact of its theories on the development of translation theory and its limitations.

A Brief Introduction of Communicative Translation Teaching Method

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new translation teaching method which is based on Skopos theory and communicative translation competence training. It makes a brief analysis of the functionalist framework for translation teaching. When more and more universities of China open translation courses for under graduates and postgraduates, it is hoped that this paper could slightly contribute to the translation teaching field.

The Polysystem and the Translation of Children' s Literature

Polysystem Theory was developed in 1970s by Israeli scholar Itamar Even-Zohar,and was well known for its three circumstances.Children' literature,as a special branch of literature,attracts more and more research nowadays.This paper explores the process of translation of Children' s Literature in China under polysystem.

Study on C-E Translation of Advertisements Based on Relevance Theory

The main errors in translating Chinese advertisements into English are pragmatic failures in which target-language readers fail to find the optimal relevance between the target text and source text.The translation strategies proposed under the guidance of Relevance Theory can effectively help translators find out optimal relevance in the process of translating Chinese advertisements into English to avoid pragmatic failures.

A Probe into C-E Translation of Publicity Materials of Red Tourism in Hu.nan Province

Hunan Province is rich in red tourism resources, and many scenic spots in the region proudly echo the glory of China's revolutionary history. Publicity materials of red tourism in Hunan Province play the role of publicizing and promoting historical sites and places linked with China's revolutionary history. However, at present the C-E translation of publicity materials of red tourism in Hunan province is far from satisfaction. Reasonable application of eco-translatology in C-E translation of publicity materials of red tourism in Hunan Province will allow the translator to enjoy a much greater degree of flexibility in translating and produce appropriate translation which produce functionally the same effect on the target readers as the original on the readers.

The Application of “Cohesion” in C-E Translation

This paper deals with the theory of cohesion, the importance of the "cohesion"criterion in C-E translation and the ways of producing a cohesive translation.

C-E Translation of Public Signs in Xi'an under the Guidance of Skopostheorie

Public signs are widely used in our lives, and increasingly play a significant role with the boom of international tourism. Xi'an, as a major tour destination of China, needs more accurate public signs. Skopostheorie offers a new perspective for translation and translating. In Skopostheorie, translation is seen as translational action with purposes. The TT which doesn't achieve the function and purpose is not an adequate translation. In this thesis, C-E translation of public signs under the guidance of Skopostheorie in Xi'an is discussed.

On C-E Translation of Chinese Tang Poetry from the Perspective of Ecotranslatology

Tang poetry is a shining pearl in the history of Chinese literature.C-E translation of Tang poetry is regarded as a very complex and hard task because of its special style and form,concise diction and profound artistic conception.Eco-translatology provides a new perspective for the study on C-E translation of Tang poetry.Based on analysis of some practical examples,this paper discusses some C-E translation methods of tang poetry from the perspective of eco-translatology,namely,adaptive transformation from linguistic,cultural and communicative dimensions.

Video Game Title Translation Functional Translation Theory Perspective

The video game plays an important role in inter-cultural communication studies. However, few have ventured the field of E-C translation of video game titles. Within the frame of Skopostheorie, this paper focuses on the three translation strategies brought up by the functions and features of video game titles. When preserving the structure and meaning of the original title is possible, literal translation should be used. However, the fact that some translators ignore the context of the title causes rigid translation. Transliteration is recommended when the title is the name of a person or place because the meaning of the title is hard to be preserved by the other two strategies. Since there are cultural differences between China and western world, when literal translation and transliteration cannot present the meaning of the title, free translation should be used. Translators should bear the content and game play of the game in mind in order to free themselves from the formal equivalence for a properly translated title. Free translation does not mean translators can do the translation as whatever they want in the name of Skopos, they should avoid arbitrary translation. The aim of this paper is to help people to understand more about the E-C translation of video game title as well as the practical translation strategies and Sino-western inter-cultural communication.

Post-translational modifications of hepatitis C viral proteins and their biological significance

Replication of hepatitis C virus(HCV)depends on the interaction of viral proteins with various host cellular proteins and signalling pathways.Similar to cellular proteins,post-translational modifications(PTMs)of HCV proteins are essential for proper protein function and regulation,thus,directly affecting viral life cycle and the generation of infectious virus particles.Cleavage of the HCV polyprotein by cellular and viral proteases into more than 10 proteins represents an early protein modification step after translation of the HCV positivestranded RNA genome.The key modifications include the regulated intramembranous proteolytic cleavage of core protein,disulfide bond formation of core,glycosylation of HCV envelope proteins E1 and E2,methylation of nonstructural protein 3(NS3),biotinylation of NS4A,ubiquitination of NS5B and phosphorylation of core and NS5B.Other modifications like ubiquitination of core and palmitoylation of core and NS4B proteins have been reported as well.For some modifications such as phosphorylation of NS3 and NS5A and acetylation of NS3,we have limited understanding of their effects on HCV replication and pathogenesis while the impact of other modifications is far from clear.In this review,we summarize the available information on PTMs of HCV proteins and discuss their relevance to HCV replication and pathogenesis.

Establishment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection:Translational evasion of oxidative defence

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)causes a clinically important disease affecting 3%of the world population.HCV is a single-stranded,positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae family.The virus establishes a chronic infection in the face of an active host oxidative defence,thus adaptation to oxidative stress is key to virus survival.Being a small RNA virus with a limited genomic capacity,we speculate that HCV deploys a different strategy to evade host oxidative defence.Instead of counteracting oxidative stress,it utilizes oxidative stress to facilitate its own survival.Translation is the first step in the replication of a plus strand RNA virus so it would make sense if the virus can exploit the host oxidative defence in facilitating this very first step.This is particularly true when HCV utilizes an internal ribosome entry site element in translation,which is distinctive from that of cap-dependent translation of the vast majority of cellular genes,thus allowing selective translation of genes under conditions when global protein synthesis is compromised.Indeed,we were the first to show that HCV translation was stimulated by an important prooxidant-hydrogen peroxide in hepatocytes,suggesting that HCV is able to adapt to and utilize the host antiviral response to facilitate its own translation thus allowing the virus to thrive under oxidative stress condition to establish chronicity.Understanding how HCV translation is regulated under oxidative stress condition will advance our knowledge on how HCV establishes chronicity.As chronicity is the initiator step in disease progression this will eventually lead to a better understanding of pathogenicity,which is particularly relevant to the development of anti-virals and improved treatments of HCV patients using anti-oxidants.

On the C-E Translation of Cultural Information in Tourist Publicity Materials

Chinese scholar Qiu Maoru points out that the aim of translation is,partly,to establish cultural equivalence between the source text and the target text.He also argues that whether or how to establish cultural equivalence depends on the following four factors:1) the type of source text;2) the significance of cultural flavor in the source text;3) the purpose of translation;4) the type of readers of the target text.This theory provides a good perspective for the C-E translation of cultural information in Tourist Publicity Materials.Under the guidance of this theory,this paper attempts to explore the methods of establishing cultural equivalence in translation of Tourist Publicity Materials.

From TCM Practice to Classic Texts:The Case of Henry C.Lu’s A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)

In memory of Dr.Henry C.Lu,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,educator and translator,this article provides an overview of his masterpiece A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)from the perspectives of book section,translation ideology and translation strategies.We then identify the features of TCM classics translated by overseas TCM practitioners and educators through analyzing exemplary characteristics of this translation.Their translations are often teaching oriented with plain and easy-to-read language,thus making TCM classics practical and applicable in clinic practice.Although these works are found in very few library collections of academic institutions,they received positive comments from readers including foreign TCM practitioners and students.

The Translation Strategies of “Winkle” in Chinese Landscape Painting

As one of China’s outstanding traditional cultures, Chinese landscape paintings are not only loved and admired by Chinese people, but also won favors abroad. In the face of China’s current international status, it is essential to carry forward its excellent things and increase cultural self-confidence. However, it is inseparable from translation, and through the translation of various languages, the world’s excellent culture can be promoted and passed down. Based on his many years of practical experience, the author tries to explore the English translation method of the Chinese painting landscape “皴(cūn)” from the two translation strategies of domestication and foreignization in order to provide reference for the spread of traditional culture.

How to Deal with the Mood in C-E Translation

The mood particle in Mandarin Chinese is a very important kind of mark in the analysis of discourse structure.By varying the discourse structure,changing the word order or using modal verbs,we can translate Chinese into English both accurately and beautifully.

人C/EBP β结构与功能的生物信息学分析及原核表达

目的 研究人CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白β(CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins, C/EBP β)原核表达载体的构建和蛋白表达,并通过生物信息学分析其结构和生物学功能。方法 收集对数生长期的肝癌细胞SMMC-7721,通过TRIzol法提取SMMC-7721细胞内总RNA,并以RNA为模板采用RT-PCR获得C/EBP β基因的编码序列,通过同源重组的方法将目的基因与原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)相连接,经过大肠杆菌转化、抗性筛选、质粒提取、酶切和DNA测序获得重组质粒pET-28a(+)-C/EBP β。将重组质粒导入大肠杆菌BL21中,通过异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(isopropyl β-D-1-thiogal, IPTG)诱导C/EBP β重组蛋白表达,采用镍离子亲和层析法纯化C/EBP β融合蛋白,通过蛋白免疫印迹验证目的蛋白并分析C/EBP β的蛋白纯度。同时对人C/EBP β编码的蛋白质进行理化性质、亲水/疏水性、二级结构以及磷酸化位点等生物信息学分析。结果 通过RT-PCR成功获得人C/EBP β基因,构建的pET-28a(+)-C/EBP β重组质粒经测序鉴定C/EBP β DNA序列完全正确,表明重组pET-28a(+)-C/EBP β质粒构建成功。C/EBP β蛋白是一个性质不稳定的亲水蛋白质,由345个氨基酸组成,分子量为36.105 kD,等电点为8.55。其是一种胞内蛋白质,主要分布在细胞质和细胞核。对其结构分析发现:无规则卷曲是其主要的二级结构,为60.87%。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示通过亲和层析纯化后获得较高纯度的C/EBP β。结论 本实验成功克隆并构建人pET-28a(+)-C/EBP β重组质粒,获得较高纯度的C/EBP β,为进一步C/EBP β蛋白功能的研究和抗体的制备奠定了良好的基础。