依照人胸腺激素具有可诱导、促进人 T 淋巴细胞分化发育及至成熟的功能和原理,应用 E-花结(E-Rosette)形成试验来鉴定并检测其生物学活性。人 T 细胞表面有与羊红细胞(SRBC)结合的受体(E-受体)即 CD_2抗原,亦称谓 T_1,或 Leu5抗原。用...依照人胸腺激素具有可诱导、促进人 T 淋巴细胞分化发育及至成熟的功能和原理,应用 E-花结(E-Rosette)形成试验来鉴定并检测其生物学活性。人 T 细胞表面有与羊红细胞(SRBC)结合的受体(E-受体)即 CD_2抗原,亦称谓 T_1,或 Leu5抗原。用于检测人 T 细胞所测得的 E-花结数为总(total)花结(Et),代表其成熟的全部 T 细胞。当人胸腺素 F_4,组份稀释至0.01μg/ml 蛋白含量时,仍表现有明显的生物活性,其可表现有活性所需的最低蛋白浓度是动物(猪或小牛)胸腺素的1/50～1/10,这表明前者所表现的生物活性比后者要高许多,可能系活性蛋白质来源的不同或作用于人 T 细胞分化、发育表现有“种属特异性”。测定活性的试验中还发现人胸腺激素在某一低浓度范围内,其对T 细胞有促进作用,呈正相关性,若超过了此阈值,反而呈现抑制作用。人胸腺激素的此种生物活性的双向调节作用,在机体的免疫调节机制中有重要的生物学意义。展开更多
Coordinated numerical ensemble experiments with six different state-of-the-art atmosphere models were used to evaluate and quantify the impact of global SST(from reanalysis data)on the early winter Arctic warming duri...Coordinated numerical ensemble experiments with six different state-of-the-art atmosphere models were used to evaluate and quantify the impact of global SST(from reanalysis data)on the early winter Arctic warming during 1982-2014.Two sets of experiments were designed:in the first set(EXP1),OISSTv2 daily sea-ice concentration and SST variations were used as the lower boundary forcing,while in the second set(EXP2)the SST data were replaced by the daily SST climatology.In the results,the multi-model ensemble mean of EXP1 showed a nearsurface(~850 hPa)warming trend of 0.4℃/10 yr,which was 80%of the warming trend in the reanalysis.The simulated warming trend was robust across the six models,with a magnitude of 0.36-0.50℃/10 yr.The global SST could explain most of the simulated warming trend in EXP1 in the mid and low troposphere over the Arctic,and accounted for 58%of the simulated near-surface warming.The results also suggest that the uppertropospheric warming(~200 hPa)over the Arctic in the reanalysis is likely not a forced signal;rather,it is caused by natural climate variability.The source regions that can potentially impact the early winter Arctic warming are explored and the limitations of the study are discussed.展开更多
文摘依照人胸腺激素具有可诱导、促进人 T 淋巴细胞分化发育及至成熟的功能和原理,应用 E-花结(E-Rosette)形成试验来鉴定并检测其生物学活性。人 T 细胞表面有与羊红细胞(SRBC)结合的受体(E-受体)即 CD_2抗原,亦称谓 T_1,或 Leu5抗原。用于检测人 T 细胞所测得的 E-花结数为总(total)花结(Et),代表其成熟的全部 T 细胞。当人胸腺素 F_4,组份稀释至0.01μg/ml 蛋白含量时,仍表现有明显的生物活性,其可表现有活性所需的最低蛋白浓度是动物(猪或小牛)胸腺素的1/50～1/10,这表明前者所表现的生物活性比后者要高许多,可能系活性蛋白质来源的不同或作用于人 T 细胞分化、发育表现有“种属特异性”。测定活性的试验中还发现人胸腺激素在某一低浓度范围内,其对T 细胞有促进作用,呈正相关性,若超过了此阈值,反而呈现抑制作用。人胸腺激素的此种生物活性的双向调节作用,在机体的免疫调节机制中有重要的生物学意义。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2017YFE0111800]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41790472 and 41661144005]partly supported by the EU H2020 Blue-Action project[grant number 727852]。
文摘Coordinated numerical ensemble experiments with six different state-of-the-art atmosphere models were used to evaluate and quantify the impact of global SST(from reanalysis data)on the early winter Arctic warming during 1982-2014.Two sets of experiments were designed:in the first set(EXP1),OISSTv2 daily sea-ice concentration and SST variations were used as the lower boundary forcing,while in the second set(EXP2)the SST data were replaced by the daily SST climatology.In the results,the multi-model ensemble mean of EXP1 showed a nearsurface(~850 hPa)warming trend of 0.4℃/10 yr,which was 80%of the warming trend in the reanalysis.The simulated warming trend was robust across the six models,with a magnitude of 0.36-0.50℃/10 yr.The global SST could explain most of the simulated warming trend in EXP1 in the mid and low troposphere over the Arctic,and accounted for 58%of the simulated near-surface warming.The results also suggest that the uppertropospheric warming(~200 hPa)over the Arctic in the reanalysis is likely not a forced signal;rather,it is caused by natural climate variability.The source regions that can potentially impact the early winter Arctic warming are explored and the limitations of the study are discussed.
