Spoken language is marked by para-verbal and non-verbal dimensions,such as silent pause,hesitation,and intonation.Fluency is considered as an essential parameter for evaluating the quality of oral output.Sight transla...Spoken language is marked by para-verbal and non-verbal dimensions,such as silent pause,hesitation,and intonation.Fluency is considered as an essential parameter for evaluating the quality of oral output.Sight translation is a hybrid form of written translation and oral interpreting;however,fluency in sight translation is an underresearched topic.This paper examines the disfluencies in the sight translation of professional and novice translators working from English to Chinese.It adopted a statistical approach to compare the silent pauses and hesitation fillers in the delivery of professional and student participants.According to the independent samples t-test results,the differences were significant in the occurrence and ratio of hesitation between professional and student participants.It can be inferred that professional translators are more apt at coping tactics,such as pausing for several seconds,rather than inserting hesitation fillers unconsciously.Furthermore,the corpus-assisted analysis suggested a higher lexical density among professional participants,followed by the think-aloud approach,which revealed the causes for disfluencies.By drawing upon the Speech Production Theory,the paper found six most influential factors:vocabulary,emotion,syntactic category,speaking habit,lexical ambiguity,and topical difficulty.It is hoped that translation and interpreting studies will not be confined to linguistic dimensions.Paralinguistic signs should have their places in the domain of translatology.Semiotics of translation,which views translation as a pure semiotic act,thereby provides a valued perspective for translation and interpreting studies.展开更多
Court interpreting as a type of dialogue or liaison interpreting has recently drawn an increasing level of attention in a variety of disciplines, including legal science, applied linguistics, and translation studies. ...Court interpreting as a type of dialogue or liaison interpreting has recently drawn an increasing level of attention in a variety of disciplines, including legal science, applied linguistics, and translation studies. Amongst discussions relevant to court interpreting, the area of sight translation has yet to be emphasized, despite its importance to the outcome of a trial. In this study I first had observations of court interpreting activities on several occasions. Based on these observations, I then formulated a questionnaire and distributed it to 86 interpreters in two training workshops organized by the Taiwan High Court in 2013. The key findings are as follows： most interpreters consider sight translation to be more difficult than other forms of interpretation in the courtroom; while conducting sight translation many interpreters pause in order to seek clarification or are interrupted; most interpreters would prefer the judge or the prosecutor to orally summarize the text to be sight translated; and, after ＂negotiation,＂ most practitioners tend to lower the level of formality when dealing with a text written in a formal style. These findings imply that interpreters conducting sight translation render a translation through ＂negotiation＂ with other participants of the activity; this negotiation can be seen as an attempt to build a ＂context＂ from the perspective of liaison interpreting. This study intends to raise the awareness of court interpreters regarding a number of key issues in sight translation, and the results are hoped to be conducive to the future study of other types of liaison interpreting and interpreting as a whole.展开更多
Sight Translation(ST) has long been considered as a useful exercise for acquiring interpreting skills. However, little studies have been done to prove how the skills acquired from ST can be transferred to other modes ...Sight Translation(ST) has long been considered as a useful exercise for acquiring interpreting skills. However, little studies have been done to prove how the skills acquired from ST can be transferred to other modes of interpreting, for instance,Consecutive Interpreting(CI). In this study, the sequencing of ST and CI teaching is explored to proof that starting ST teaching first is more logical. Gile's effort model is used to explain the similarities and differences of ST and CI and to set up possible effect of ST on CI. Some teaching strategies of transferring ST skills to CI are proposed.展开更多
Most of the studies on sight translation are related to analyzing effort models.Some scholars have established effort models for interpreting activities.However,the majority of the research published in English was co...Most of the studies on sight translation are related to analyzing effort models.Some scholars have established effort models for interpreting activities.However,the majority of the research published in English was conducted between English and European languages.Experiments written in English on interpreting between English and Chinese are limited.The purpose of this research is to explore the problems that occurred in students'performance of sight translation with a view to improving students'performance and the training method.The results of the experiment show that ST skills are composed of two parts:linguistic capacity and delivery skills.The problems that occurred in the case study were presented as delivery problems.However,the reason for the problems was lack of linguistic transfer capacity.This study recommends that students should be trained both on linguistic capacity and delivery skills.展开更多
Sight Translation is regarded as an indispensable skill prior to the study of Simultaneous Interpreting.And Sight Interpreting is employed in some settings like court interpreting and formal conferences.The importance...Sight Translation is regarded as an indispensable skill prior to the study of Simultaneous Interpreting.And Sight Interpreting is employed in some settings like court interpreting and formal conferences.The importance of studying Sight Translation and Sight Interpreting is apparent.This paper reviews the previous literatures on the studies of Sight Translation and Sight Interpreting in the West and in China over the past four decades for attaining a full picture on the studies in this field.This paper focuses on the function and significance of studying Sight Translation and Sight Interpreting from both home and abroad.展开更多
The video game plays an important role in inter-cultural communication studies. However, few have ventured the field of E-C translation of video game titles. Within the frame of Skopostheorie, this paper focuses on th...The video game plays an important role in inter-cultural communication studies. However, few have ventured the field of E-C translation of video game titles. Within the frame of Skopostheorie, this paper focuses on the three translation strategies brought up by the functions and features of video game titles. When preserving the structure and meaning of the original title is possible, literal translation should be used. However, the fact that some translators ignore the context of the title causes rigid translation. Transliteration is recommended when the title is the name of a person or place because the meaning of the title is hard to be preserved by the other two strategies. Since there are cultural differences between China and western world, when literal translation and transliteration cannot present the meaning of the title, free translation should be used. Translators should bear the content and game play of the game in mind in order to free themselves from the formal equivalence for a properly translated title. Free translation does not mean translators can do the translation as whatever they want in the name of Skopos, they should avoid arbitrary translation. The aim of this paper is to help people to understand more about the E-C translation of video game title as well as the practical translation strategies and Sino-western inter-cultural communication.展开更多
Advertisement is an action or form of communication in the market whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them.However,English and Chinese advertisements ha...Advertisement is an action or form of communication in the market whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them.However,English and Chinese advertisements have different forms and characteristics due to the influence of some factors such as their distinct language and culture.This study analyzes the characteristics of advertising language based on some typical examples of cosmetic advertising at home and abroad.The findings show that four methods of English-Chinese advertising translation are commonly used namely transliteration,literal translation,free translation and supplementary translation.These findings contribute to our knowledge in cosmetic advertising translation and are of practical significance for relevant research in the future.展开更多
Conversion refers to the transformation of parts of speech in some words while maintaining the original content unchanged in order to make the translated text sound smooth and fluent as well as more idiomatic in the t...Conversion refers to the transformation of parts of speech in some words while maintaining the original content unchanged in order to make the translated text sound smooth and fluent as well as more idiomatic in the target language. In E-C translation, conversion of pars of speech is one of the most important translation methods. Several different forms about conversion of parts of speech are introduced through analyzing the differences and usages between the two languages so that a better version in E-C translation can be got.展开更多
Mr.zhang peiji, a translator of The Sight of Father's Back, is a famous modern Chinese translation theorist and translator.He has made a great contribution to both translation theory and translation practice. His ...Mr.zhang peiji, a translator of The Sight of Father's Back, is a famous modern Chinese translation theorist and translator.He has made a great contribution to both translation theory and translation practice. His translation practice includes fictions, dramas, biography and essays. This paper is an attempt to make a study of Zhang Peiji's English version of The Sight of Father's Back.展开更多
This paper aims to investigate the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eyeandvoice,insighttranslatingmetaphoricalexpressions(MEs).24MAtranslation students, with no professional translation or interpreting exper...This paper aims to investigate the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eyeandvoice,insighttranslatingmetaphoricalexpressions(MEs).24MAtranslation students, with no professional translation or interpreting experience, were asked to conduct a sight translation (STR) task, and the processes were registered by eye-tracker and audio recorder. The qualified eye-tracking and audio data were further analysed by Tobii Studio and Audacity audio processing software. Our findings suggest that the time of the pause preceding an ME was largely, but not entirely, spent in processing the ensuing ME. However, due to the general existence of reading ahead activities in STR, the planning step for sight translating an ME takes place prior to the preceding pause; moreover, due to local processing difficulty causedbytheME,thetimeforreadingaheadintoME(temporalEVS)ismostlygreater than for reading ahead beyond ME. Our findings also reveal that the rate of methodological deviation(causedbythetwodifferentcalculationapproaches)forMEprocessingtimeis around10%,butthetwoprocessingtimeshavedemonstratednostatisticallysignificant difference, validating the processing time calculated by audio data in Zheng&Xiang (2013).We conclude this paper with some reservation on eye-tracking translation research:though powerful in providing solid and informative process data, it has some limitations in clearly probing into intricate human cognitive process.展开更多
基金This paper is part of the research project“A TAPs-Based Cognitive Approach to Interpreting Studies”(2016SJB740029)funded by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education.The author would like to acknowledge with gratitude the comments on this paper from the anonymous reviewers.
文摘Spoken language is marked by para-verbal and non-verbal dimensions,such as silent pause,hesitation,and intonation.Fluency is considered as an essential parameter for evaluating the quality of oral output.Sight translation is a hybrid form of written translation and oral interpreting;however,fluency in sight translation is an underresearched topic.This paper examines the disfluencies in the sight translation of professional and novice translators working from English to Chinese.It adopted a statistical approach to compare the silent pauses and hesitation fillers in the delivery of professional and student participants.According to the independent samples t-test results,the differences were significant in the occurrence and ratio of hesitation between professional and student participants.It can be inferred that professional translators are more apt at coping tactics,such as pausing for several seconds,rather than inserting hesitation fillers unconsciously.Furthermore,the corpus-assisted analysis suggested a higher lexical density among professional participants,followed by the think-aloud approach,which revealed the causes for disfluencies.By drawing upon the Speech Production Theory,the paper found six most influential factors:vocabulary,emotion,syntactic category,speaking habit,lexical ambiguity,and topical difficulty.It is hoped that translation and interpreting studies will not be confined to linguistic dimensions.Paralinguistic signs should have their places in the domain of translatology.Semiotics of translation,which views translation as a pure semiotic act,thereby provides a valued perspective for translation and interpreting studies.
文摘Court interpreting as a type of dialogue or liaison interpreting has recently drawn an increasing level of attention in a variety of disciplines, including legal science, applied linguistics, and translation studies. Amongst discussions relevant to court interpreting, the area of sight translation has yet to be emphasized, despite its importance to the outcome of a trial. In this study I first had observations of court interpreting activities on several occasions. Based on these observations, I then formulated a questionnaire and distributed it to 86 interpreters in two training workshops organized by the Taiwan High Court in 2013. The key findings are as follows： most interpreters consider sight translation to be more difficult than other forms of interpretation in the courtroom; while conducting sight translation many interpreters pause in order to seek clarification or are interrupted; most interpreters would prefer the judge or the prosecutor to orally summarize the text to be sight translated; and, after ＂negotiation,＂ most practitioners tend to lower the level of formality when dealing with a text written in a formal style. These findings imply that interpreters conducting sight translation render a translation through ＂negotiation＂ with other participants of the activity; this negotiation can be seen as an attempt to build a ＂context＂ from the perspective of liaison interpreting. This study intends to raise the awareness of court interpreters regarding a number of key issues in sight translation, and the results are hoped to be conducive to the future study of other types of liaison interpreting and interpreting as a whole.
文摘Sight Translation(ST) has long been considered as a useful exercise for acquiring interpreting skills. However, little studies have been done to prove how the skills acquired from ST can be transferred to other modes of interpreting, for instance,Consecutive Interpreting(CI). In this study, the sequencing of ST and CI teaching is explored to proof that starting ST teaching first is more logical. Gile's effort model is used to explain the similarities and differences of ST and CI and to set up possible effect of ST on CI. Some teaching strategies of transferring ST skills to CI are proposed.
文摘Most of the studies on sight translation are related to analyzing effort models.Some scholars have established effort models for interpreting activities.However,the majority of the research published in English was conducted between English and European languages.Experiments written in English on interpreting between English and Chinese are limited.The purpose of this research is to explore the problems that occurred in students'performance of sight translation with a view to improving students'performance and the training method.The results of the experiment show that ST skills are composed of two parts:linguistic capacity and delivery skills.The problems that occurred in the case study were presented as delivery problems.However,the reason for the problems was lack of linguistic transfer capacity.This study recommends that students should be trained both on linguistic capacity and delivery skills.
文摘Sight Translation is regarded as an indispensable skill prior to the study of Simultaneous Interpreting.And Sight Interpreting is employed in some settings like court interpreting and formal conferences.The importance of studying Sight Translation and Sight Interpreting is apparent.This paper reviews the previous literatures on the studies of Sight Translation and Sight Interpreting in the West and in China over the past four decades for attaining a full picture on the studies in this field.This paper focuses on the function and significance of studying Sight Translation and Sight Interpreting from both home and abroad.
文摘The video game plays an important role in inter-cultural communication studies. However, few have ventured the field of E-C translation of video game titles. Within the frame of Skopostheorie, this paper focuses on the three translation strategies brought up by the functions and features of video game titles. When preserving the structure and meaning of the original title is possible, literal translation should be used. However, the fact that some translators ignore the context of the title causes rigid translation. Transliteration is recommended when the title is the name of a person or place because the meaning of the title is hard to be preserved by the other two strategies. Since there are cultural differences between China and western world, when literal translation and transliteration cannot present the meaning of the title, free translation should be used. Translators should bear the content and game play of the game in mind in order to free themselves from the formal equivalence for a properly translated title. Free translation does not mean translators can do the translation as whatever they want in the name of Skopos, they should avoid arbitrary translation. The aim of this paper is to help people to understand more about the E-C translation of video game title as well as the practical translation strategies and Sino-western inter-cultural communication.
文摘Advertisement is an action or form of communication in the market whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them.However,English and Chinese advertisements have different forms and characteristics due to the influence of some factors such as their distinct language and culture.This study analyzes the characteristics of advertising language based on some typical examples of cosmetic advertising at home and abroad.The findings show that four methods of English-Chinese advertising translation are commonly used namely transliteration,literal translation,free translation and supplementary translation.These findings contribute to our knowledge in cosmetic advertising translation and are of practical significance for relevant research in the future.
文摘Conversion refers to the transformation of parts of speech in some words while maintaining the original content unchanged in order to make the translated text sound smooth and fluent as well as more idiomatic in the target language. In E-C translation, conversion of pars of speech is one of the most important translation methods. Several different forms about conversion of parts of speech are introduced through analyzing the differences and usages between the two languages so that a better version in E-C translation can be got.
文摘Mr.zhang peiji, a translator of The Sight of Father's Back, is a famous modern Chinese translation theorist and translator.He has made a great contribution to both translation theory and translation practice. His translation practice includes fictions, dramas, biography and essays. This paper is an attempt to make a study of Zhang Peiji's English version of The Sight of Father's Back.
文摘This paper aims to investigate the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eyeandvoice,insighttranslatingmetaphoricalexpressions(MEs).24MAtranslation students, with no professional translation or interpreting experience, were asked to conduct a sight translation (STR) task, and the processes were registered by eye-tracker and audio recorder. The qualified eye-tracking and audio data were further analysed by Tobii Studio and Audacity audio processing software. Our findings suggest that the time of the pause preceding an ME was largely, but not entirely, spent in processing the ensuing ME. However, due to the general existence of reading ahead activities in STR, the planning step for sight translating an ME takes place prior to the preceding pause; moreover, due to local processing difficulty causedbytheME,thetimeforreadingaheadintoME(temporalEVS)ismostlygreater than for reading ahead beyond ME. Our findings also reveal that the rate of methodological deviation(causedbythetwodifferentcalculationapproaches)forMEprocessingtimeis around10%,butthetwoprocessingtimeshavedemonstratednostatisticallysignificant difference, validating the processing time calculated by audio data in Zheng&Xiang (2013).We conclude this paper with some reservation on eye-tracking translation research:though powerful in providing solid and informative process data, it has some limitations in clearly probing into intricate human cognitive process.
