Dynamic Pricing Model of E-Commerce Platforms Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology,its application field has gradually expanded.To further apply the deep reinforcement learning technology to the field of dynamic pricing,we build an intelligent dynamic pricing system,introduce the reinforcement learning technology related to dynamic pricing,and introduce existing research on the number of suppliers(single supplier and multiple suppliers),environmental models,and selection algorithms.A two-period dynamic pricing game model is designed to assess the optimal pricing strategy for e-commerce platforms under two market conditions and two consumer participation conditions.The first step is to analyze the pricing strategies of e-commerce platforms in mature markets,analyze the optimal pricing and profits of various enterprises under different strategy combinations,compare different market equilibriums and solve the Nash equilibrium.Then,assuming that all consumers are naive in the market,the pricing strategy of the duopoly e-commerce platform in emerging markets is analyzed.By comparing and analyzing the optimal pricing and total profit of each enterprise under different strategy combinations,the subgame refined Nash equilibrium is solved.Finally,assuming that the market includes all experienced consumers,the pricing strategy of the duopoly e-commerce platform in emerging markets is analyzed.

A Novel Named Entity Recognition Scheme for Steel E-Commerce Platforms Using a Lite BERT

In the era of big data,E-commerce plays an increasingly important role,and steel E-commerce certainly occupies a positive position.However,it is very difficult to choose satisfactory steel raw materials from diverse steel commodities online on steel E-commerce platforms in the purchase of staffs.In order to improve the efficiency of purchasers searching for commodities on the steel E-commerce platforms,we propose a novel deep learning-based loss function for named entity recognition(NER).Considering the impacts of small sample and imbalanced data,in our NER scheme,the focal loss,the label smoothing,and the cross entropy are incorporated into a lite bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)model to avoid the over-fitting.Moreover,through the analysis of different classic annotation techniques used to tag data,an ideal one is chosen for the training model in our proposed scheme.Experiments are conducted on Chinese steel E-commerce datasets.The experimental results show that the training time of a lite BERT(ALBERT)-based method is much shorter than that of BERT-based models,while achieving the similar computational performance in terms of metrics precision,recall,and F1 with BERT-based models.Meanwhile,our proposed approach performs much better than that of combining Word2Vec,bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM),and conditional random field(CRF)models,in consideration of training time and F1.

Effects of E-Commerce Platforms on Firm Export——Evidence from China’s Industrial Enterprises

With deepening digital technology applications in international trade, e-commerce platforms have become a major avenue for firm export. Based on a multicountry, multi-product heterogeneous firms trade theory model, this paper investigates the firm export effects of e-commerce platforms, and empirically tests the inferences from the model using data from Alibaba China Station, China industrial enterprises data, and China customs data from 2000 to 2009. Our estimation result shows that overall, e-commerce platforms significantly increase firm export probability and volume;e-commerce platforms enable firms to export products of different types to more countries by reducing the cost of information and export markets threshold while raising trade efficiency. Further analysis of enterprise heterogeneity reveals that SMEs, firms in China's eastern region, and general exporters benefit more from e-commerce platforms than other types of firms do.

Application of the E-commerce Platform in the International Trade

E-commerce is a new consumption mode, which develops rapidly and is welcomed by consumers. It also plays an important role in promoting the international trade. Through this analysis, we can understand that the influence of the e-commerce on the international market has both positive and negative aspects. We need to be aware of our shortcomings, understand the gap between them and the developed countries, and formulate the relevant policies. Let China's e-commerce continue to improve and innovate in the international trade, and find a suitable strategy for its own development. Relevant Chinese departments should actively and effectively participate in the construction of e-commerce. On the one hand, they can stabilize the status of e-commerce in the international trade, and on the other hand, they can expand the consumer groups and make the electronic goods better.

Design and Implementation of E-Commerce Platform Based on Android

This paper introduces the basic functions of the e-commerce system implemented on Android, including user management functions, product search functions, product browsing functions, and product tracking functions, etc. It is necessary to use technologies in Android in order to implement each module function. For example, network communication requires Android’s network request technology and data analysis technology. The display of pictures requires the use of Android controls and cache technology. The traceability of products requires camera scanning technology. And RSA decryption technology and so on. Through the above thread pool technology and the use of caching mechanism, the user experience of UI will be improved and unnecessary network resources consumption will be avoided.

Price Masking Strategy of Cross-Border E-Commerce Platform Financing

E-commerce platform financing is a new service pattern of supply chain finance.However,this pattern may bring some new issues when considering the problem of cash flow shortage and financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.When enterprises use this service,they worry about the leakage of preferential wholesale price when applying the full loan amount and providing the true transaction information.Based on the model consisting of a supplier,a retailer and a cross-border e-commerce platform,the authors design a price masking strategy to prevent the retailer’s preferential wholesale price information from leakage.The authors analyze the profit of the retailer and the platform before and after adopting the price masking strategy.The authors find that the price masking strategy always benefits the retailer.Besides,the optimal profit of the retailer and the platform are both affected by the loan interest rate.Moreover,there exists a range of loan interest rates that can benefit both the retailer and the platform if the price masking strategy is adopted.The research emphasizes that platform can expand the total business volume by allowing retailers to use price masking strategy.In other words,there will be more and more retailers attracted by the strategy,which benefits the long-term growth of cross-border e-commerce platform financing.

Impacts of agri-food e-commerce on traditional wholesale industry:Evidence from China

Rapidly expanding studies investigate the effects of e-commerce on company operations in the retail market.However,the interaction between agri-food e-commerce(AEC)and the traditional agri-food wholesale industry(AWI)has not received enough attention in the existing literature.Based on the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2020 in China,this paper examines the effect of AEC on AWI,comprising three dimensions:digitalization(DIGITAL),agrifood e-commerce infrastructure and supporting services(AECI),and agri-food e-commerce economy(AECE).First,AWI and AEC are measured using an entropy-based combination of indicators.The results indicate that for China as a whole,AWI has remained practically unchanged,whereas AEC exhibits a significant rising trend.Second,the findings of the fixed-effect regression reveal that DIGITAL and AECE tend to raise AWI,whereas AECI negatively affects AWI.Third,threshold regression results indicate that AECI tends to diminish AWI with three-stage inhibitory intensity,which manifests as a first increase and then a drop in the inhibition degree.These results suggest that with the introduction of e-commerce for agricultural product circulation,digital development will have catfish effects that tend to stimulate the vitality of the conventional wholesale industry and promote technical progress.Furthermore,the traditional wholesale industry benefits financially from e-commerce even while it diverts part of the traditional wholesale circulation for agricultural products.

Research on Current Situation and Legal Regulation of Cosmetics Live Streaming E-commerce in China

Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.

Analysis of the Current Situation, Influential Factors, and Countermeasures of Rural E-commerce Development

The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural industry,rural e-commerce is showing a vigorous momentum of development.Traditionally,agricultural products are mainly sold through traditional farmers’markets,which are subjected to geography and channel limitations,resulting in inefficient circulation of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the definition,the status quo,as well as the influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.On this basis,countermeasures for the advancement of rural e-commerce development are put forward.

Theoretical analysis of brand-building of e-commerce platforms

Brand-building is inevitable for e-commerce platforms,based on the economic theory of heterogeneous perfect competition.By investing heterogeneous factors,such as innovative entities into the platforms,their basic business can achieve a natural monopoly in the market,which constitutes a necessary condition for them to build their brands.E-commerce platforms have invalidated the traditional hypothesis of asset specificity,and its value-added business targets brand-building by selling products of multiple varieties and in small batches.

Transaction Frequency Based Trust for E-Commerce

Most traditional trust computing models in E-commerce do not take the transaction frequency among participating entities into consideration,which makes it easy for one party of the transaction to obtain a high trust value in a short time,and brings many disadvantages,uncertainties and even attacks.To solve this problem,a transaction frequency based trust is proposed in this study.The proposed method is composed of two parts.The first part is built on the classic Bayes analysis based trust modelswhich are ease of computing for the E-commerce system.The second part is the transaction frequency module which can mitigate the potential insecurity caused by one participating entity gaining trust in a short time.Simulations show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the self-promoting attacks so as to maintain the function of E-commerce system.

Enhanced E-commerce Fraud Prediction Based on a Convolutional Neural Network Model

The rapidly escalating sophistication of e-commerce fraud in recent years has led to an increasing reliance on fraud detection methods based on machine learning.However,fraud detection methods based on conventional machine learning approaches suffer from several problems,including an excessively high number of network parameters,which decreases the efficiency and increases the difficulty of training the network,while simultaneously leading to network overfitting.In addition,the sparsity of positive fraud incidents relative to the overwhelming proportion of negative incidents leads to detection failures in trained networks.The present work addresses these issues by proposing a convolutional neural network(CNN)framework for detecting ecommerce fraud,where network training is conducted using historical market transaction data.The number of network parameters reduces via the local perception field and weight sharing inherent in the CNN framework.In addition,this deep learning framework enables the use of an algorithmiclevel approach to address dataset imbalance by focusing the CNN model on minority data classes.The proposed CNN model is trained and tested using a large public e-commerce service dataset from 2018,and the test results demonstrate that the model provides higher fraud prediction accuracy than existing state-of-the-art methods.

Study on the E-commerce Ordering Platform of CKD/IKD

CKD/IKD is a new technology management method which should be used instead of commerce mode of CBU.In the international trade,as to the products with fast update,complex structure,mass variety,complicated sales states and multi- mode configuration,when they are exported to enterprises without independent technology of products design from the OEM suppli- ers in the form of CKD/IKD.The all-around intellectualized management of CKD/IKD customization,purchase and supply will be realized by transforming automatically between CKD/IKD orders and parts orders in ERP systems through KD virtual collabo- rative center,combining the e-commerce sales system,ERP,SCM,CRM,PDM and export management system.

An Enhanced Intelligent Intrusion Detection System to Secure E-Commerce Communication Systems

Information and communication technologies are spreading rapidly due to their fast proliferation in many fields.The number of Internet users has led to a spike in cyber-attack incidents.E-commerce applications,such as online banking,marketing,trading,and other online businesses,play an integral role in our lives.Network Intrusion Detection System(NIDS)is essential to protect the network from unauthorized access and against other cyber-attacks.The existing NIDS systems are based on the Backward Oracle Matching(BOM)algorithm,which minimizes the false alarm rate and causes of high packet drop ratio.This paper discussed the existing NIDS systems and different used pattern-matching techniques regarding their weaknesses and limitations.To address the existing system issues,this paper proposes an enhanced version of the BOM algorithm by using multiple pattern-matching methods for the NIDS system to improve the network performance.The proposed solution is tested in simulation with existing solutions using the Snort and NSL-KDD datasets.The experimental results indicated that the proposed solution performed better than the existing solutions and achieved a 5.17%detection rate and a 0.22%lower false alarm rate than the existing solution.

The Influence of Third-party E-Commerce Platform Price Limits on the Dual-Channel Strategy of Manufacturers

Powerful platform operators always set price limits for sellers on the platform. This paper establishes Stackelberg game models according to two pricing models when the manufacturer enters the third-party e-commerce platform and sells products online. The first is a seller-pricing model in which the manufacturer decides the online price. The second is a platform-pricing model in which the platform decides the online price. We obtain the equilibrium results for these two models and the condition that allows the manufacturer to adopt the dual-channel strategy by comparing the operation decisions and performance of supply-chain members in the two models. Results show that the dual-channel strategy of the manufacturer always decreases the profit of the traditional retailer. In comparison with the sellerpricing model, the platform-pricing model always erodes parts of the manufacturers profit obtained by the dual-channel strategy. The manufacturer will pass on the partial loss to the retailer using relative leadership in the platform-pricing model, which renders the profit of the retailer lower than that in the seller-pricing model. Also, price limits do not always bring the platform more profits;sometimes the platform is forced to set a low price.

Spatial Structure of China's E-commerce Express Logistics Network Based on Space of Flows

The intermediate link compression characteristics of e-commerce express logistics ne tworks influence the tradition al mode of circulation of goods and economic organization,and alter the city spatial pattern.Based on the theory of space of flows,this study adopts China Smart Logistics Network relational data to build China's e-commerce express logistics network and explore its spatial structure characteristics through social network analysis(SNA),the PageRank technique,and geospatial methods.The results are as follows:the network density is 0.9270,which is close to 1;hence,indicating that e-commerce express logistics lines between Chinese cities are nearly complete and they form a typical network structure,thereby eliminating fragmented spaces.Moreover,the average minimum number of edges is 1.1375,which indicates that the network has a small world effect and thus has a high flow efficiency of logistics elements.A significant hierarchical diffusion effect was observed in dominant flows with the highest edge weights.A diamond-structured network was formed with Shanghai,Guangzhou,Chongqing,and Beijing as the four core nodes.Other node cities with a large logistics scale and importance in the network are mainly located in the 19 city agglomerations of China,revealing the fact that the development of city agglomerations is essential for promoting the separation of experience space and changing the urban spatial pattern.This study enriches the theory of urban networks,reveals the flow laws of modern logistics elements,and encourages coordinated development of urban logistics.

Architecture of Next-Generation E-Commerce Platform

E-commerce, driven by computer and internet technology, has experienced a significant growth in almost all fields during the past two decades. E-commerce has significantly changed the rules of business. Numerous research institutions and enterprises have made e-commerce more intelligent and convenient. Here, we propose a novel prototype of next-generation e-commerce platform with an architecture framework and theoretical models.Each subject, including the individual, enterprise, and administrative department, has his/her personalized portal to complete the subject information synchronization, supply release, demand satisfaction, and social contact. By using the personalized portal, instead of the traditional trading platform, the consumers and suppliers can complete intelligent matching transactions without intermediate traders. Moreover, the overall transaction process can be reviewed, making the transaction safer, more transparent, and more interesting. Moreover, the interconnected personalized portals solve the isolated islands of information, and the counterparts support parallel processing.Thus, this may improve the operating efficiency of the entire society.

Coordination of e-commerce supply chain when e-commerce platform providing sales service and extended warranty service

With the rapid development of cybereconomy and the enhancement of sales service,many e-commerce platforms provide extended warranty service to alleviate consumers from worries about product quality when consumers purchasing products online.This study examines the decisions and coordination of the e-commerce supply chain where the e-commerce platform dominates and provides sales service and extended warranty service.The findings show that the centralised decision-making model is an ideal model because of the low sales price,high service level and high extended warranty price.With the increase of the consumers’sensitivity coefficient to the extended warranty service price,sales price increases but extended warranty service price and service level decrease,the retailer’s profit and the platform’s profit decrease.The proposed contract of‘revenue sharing joint commission’can realise the coordination of ecommerce supply chain.

Digital Marketing and B2B Cross-Border E-Commerce: A Case Study of Alibaba International Station in China

The rapid development of the“Internet+”has ushered in a new era of global digital technology innovation.Concurrent with the deepening trends of economic globalization and integration,international trade is progressively undergoing extensive digitization,with cross-border e-commerce emerging as a significant manifestation of this transformation.Within this landscape,the cross-border e-commerce B2B platform is anticipated to become a pivotal driver for China’s cross-border trade growth,representing a strategic opportunity for trade transformation.This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the concepts,characteristics,and development status of cross-border e-commerce and B2B platforms,considering both global and Chinese perspectives.Focusing on a prominent case study,Alibaba International Station,a B2B cross-border e-commerce platform,the paper delves into its business model and core competencies,offering a thorough analysis of its role in the intricacies of international e-commerce and its contribution to the field.Drawing on insights gained,the paper concludes by presenting targeted recommendations from both the platform and government perspectives.These suggestions are informed by a nuanced understanding of the development opportunities and challenges facing China’s cross-border e-commerce B2B platforms.