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Impact of BRICS Trade Facilitation on China's Exports Using Cross-Border E-Commerce
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作者 Longling LI Kaimei CHEN Zijian LONG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2024年第5期1-7,共7页
With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important forc... With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important force in the global economy, and the progress of the BRICS countries' trade facilitation level has an important impact on the global trade environment. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the dynamic changes in BRICS trade facilitation from 2013 to 2022, and uses an extended gravity model to analyze the specific impact of this change on China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. The results show that although the BRICS countries have made some progress in trade facilitation, the overall level still needs to be improved, and there are obvious differences among member countries. However, the improvement of trade facilitation among BRICS countries has undoubtedly brought significant positive effects to China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. 展开更多
关键词 Trade facilitation BRICS Cross-border e-commerce Export trade
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Impacts of agri-food e-commerce on traditional wholesale industry:Evidence from China
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作者 Ruyi Yang Jifang Liu +2 位作者 Shanshan Cao Wei Sun Fantao Kong 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1409-1428,共20页
Rapidly expanding studies investigate the effects of e-commerce on company operations in the retail market.However,the interaction between agri-food e-commerce(AEC)and the traditional agri-food wholesale industry(AWI)... Rapidly expanding studies investigate the effects of e-commerce on company operations in the retail market.However,the interaction between agri-food e-commerce(AEC)and the traditional agri-food wholesale industry(AWI)has not received enough attention in the existing literature.Based on the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2020 in China,this paper examines the effect of AEC on AWI,comprising three dimensions:digitalization(DIGITAL),agrifood e-commerce infrastructure and supporting services(AECI),and agri-food e-commerce economy(AECE).First,AWI and AEC are measured using an entropy-based combination of indicators.The results indicate that for China as a whole,AWI has remained practically unchanged,whereas AEC exhibits a significant rising trend.Second,the findings of the fixed-effect regression reveal that DIGITAL and AECE tend to raise AWI,whereas AECI negatively affects AWI.Third,threshold regression results indicate that AECI tends to diminish AWI with three-stage inhibitory intensity,which manifests as a first increase and then a drop in the inhibition degree.These results suggest that with the introduction of e-commerce for agricultural product circulation,digital development will have catfish effects that tend to stimulate the vitality of the conventional wholesale industry and promote technical progress.Furthermore,the traditional wholesale industry benefits financially from e-commerce even while it diverts part of the traditional wholesale circulation for agricultural products. 展开更多
关键词 agri-food e-commerce traditional wholesale industry panel threshold model dual-channel circulation
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Predicting Purchasing Behavior on E-Commerce Platforms: A Regression Model Approach for Understanding User Features that Lead to Purchasing
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作者 Abraham Jallah Balyemah Sonkarlay J. Y. Weamie +2 位作者 Jiang Bin Karmue Vasco Jarnda Felix Jwakdak Joshua 《International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences》 2024年第6期81-103,共23页
This research introduces a novel approach to improve and optimize the predictive capacity of consumer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. This study presented an introduction to the fundamental concepts of the... This research introduces a novel approach to improve and optimize the predictive capacity of consumer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. This study presented an introduction to the fundamental concepts of the logistic regression algorithm. In addition, it analyzed user data obtained from an e-commerce platform. The original data were preprocessed, and a consumer purchase prediction model was developed for the e-commerce platform using the logistic regression method. The comparison study used the classic random forest approach, further enhanced by including the K-fold cross-validation method. Evaluation of the accuracy of the model’s classification was conducted using performance indicators that included the accuracy rate, the precision rate, the recall rate, and the F1 score. A visual examination determined the significance of the findings. The findings suggest that employing the logistic regression algorithm to forecast customer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms can improve the efficacy of the approach and yield more accurate predictions. This study serves as a valuable resource for improving the precision of forecasting customers’ purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. It has significant practical implications for optimizing the operational efficiency of e-commerce platforms. 展开更多
关键词 e-commerce Platform Purchasing Behavior Prediction Logistic Regression Algorithm
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Research on Current Situation and Legal Regulation of Cosmetics Live Streaming E-commerce in China
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作者 Jiang Ying 《China Detergent & Cosmetics》 CAS 2024年第1期63-70,共8页
Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all ... Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator. 展开更多
关键词 COSMETICS live streaming e-commerce legal relationship responsibilities of parties
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How Does E-Commerce Policy Affect Consumption Disparities of Rural Households?-Evidence from China
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作者 Zhang Cheng Weng Xiyan 《China Economist》 2024年第4期107-128,共22页
In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and ... In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon. 展开更多
关键词 e-commerce to enter rural areas consumption disparity among rural household market accessibility market size income of rural households
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The Impact of E-Commerce Live Broadcasts on Consumers’Purchase Intention
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作者 Xingchao Bian Thanakon Ratchatakulpat Rattanavalee Maisak 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第4期263-268,共6页
E-commerce live broadcast has an important influence on consumers’purchase intention.The three dimensions of live broadcast content in the broadcast room are the number of comments,product quality,and live content as... E-commerce live broadcast has an important influence on consumers’purchase intention.The three dimensions of live broadcast content in the broadcast room are the number of comments,product quality,and live content as independent variables.A theoretical model is constructed with perceived value and risk as intermediaries and the consumers’purchase intention as the dependent variable,and corresponding hypotheses are put forward.We designed the scale,collected relevant data,and tested the model hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS)and Analysis of Moment Structure(AMOS)software.The study found that the number of comments and product quality had a significant impact on perceived value,perceived risk,and consumers’purchase intention.From this conclusion,it is suggested that businesses should control the number of comments,strengthen the product quality of comments,and distinguish the repetition degree of the content of live broadcasts. 展开更多
关键词 Livestreaming e-commerce Perceived value Perceived risk Purchase intention
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Analysis of the Current Situation, Influential Factors, and Countermeasures of Rural E-commerce Development
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作者 Yi Wei Guizhen He 《Journal of Electronic Research and Application》 2024年第2期140-145,共6页
The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural indus... The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural industry,rural e-commerce is showing a vigorous momentum of development.Traditionally,agricultural products are mainly sold through traditional farmers’markets,which are subjected to geography and channel limitations,resulting in inefficient circulation of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the definition,the status quo,as well as the influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.On this basis,countermeasures for the advancement of rural e-commerce development are put forward. 展开更多
关键词 Rural e-commerce Influencing factors Industrial clusters RESPONSE
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Research on Professional Teaching Reform of the E-Commerce Major in Vocational Colleges Under the Internet Era
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作者 Yong Liang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第5期21-26,共6页
With the rapid development of science and technology,the face of human society has undergone great changes;with the emergence of the Internet era,all kinds of educational technology,equipment,and software in vocationa... With the rapid development of science and technology,the face of human society has undergone great changes;with the emergence of the Internet era,all kinds of educational technology,equipment,and software in vocational colleges have been widely used to carry out education and teaching,and has achieved remarkable results.Based on this,colleges and universities’electronic commerce(e-commerce)professional teachers should try to rely on the Internet to build information teaching classrooms,introduce advanced methods to build efficient classrooms by integrating teaching resources,and optimize the top-level design,so as to activate the classroom atmosphere,mobilize students’emotions,make them immersed in the teaching of electronic commerce courses.In view of this,this paper combines the existing theory and experience,first analyzes the dilemma faced by the current teaching of e-commerce in vocational colleges,then discusses the practical significance of teaching reform based on the Internet era,and lastly puts forward the specific practice path. 展开更多
关键词 INTERNET Vocational colleges e-commerce major Teaching reform
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Optimization and Innovation of the Operation Model of Mobile Social E-commerce under AI Empowerment:Taking the Female Community Platform“Little Red Book”as an Example
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作者 Mi Liu Jia Yu +1 位作者 Yan Li Jun Zheng 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第4期269-274,共6页
This article takes the female community platform“Little Red Book”as an example to explore the optimization and innovation of mobile community e-commerce operation mode under Artificial Intelligence(AI)empowerment.Fi... This article takes the female community platform“Little Red Book”as an example to explore the optimization and innovation of mobile community e-commerce operation mode under Artificial Intelligence(AI)empowerment.Firstly,the relevant concepts were defined,and then the unique attributes of mobile community e-commerce were analyzed.As a typical representative of mobile community e-commerce,Little Red Book introduces the background and characteristics of its platform,analyzes its mobile community operation mode,and focuses on exploring how to establish a mobile community e-commerce platform and effective operation mode under the empowerment of AI technology,to provide some reference and inspiration for the development and operation of Little Red Book and other e-commerce platform enterprises. 展开更多
关键词 Mobile social e-commerce Little Red Book Female community platform AI User experience UGC
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Cross-border E-commerce Remains A Strong Engine of China’s Foreign Trade
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作者 Jenny Hu 《China's Foreign Trade》 2023年第2期41-43,共3页
The foreign trade industry in China had a good start in general this year,thanks to the rapid growth in cross-border e-commerce.The 2022 China Cross Border E-Commerce Market Data Report was released at the cross-borde... The foreign trade industry in China had a good start in general this year,thanks to the rapid growth in cross-border e-commerce.The 2022 China Cross Border E-Commerce Market Data Report was released at the cross-border e-commerce roundtable meeting held on March 30th this year,indicating that cross-border e-commerce made a contribution of 37.32%to China’s total import and export trade value in goods(RMB 42.07 trillion)in 2022. 展开更多
关键词 STRONG TRADE BORDER
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Spatial Structure of China's E-commerce Express Logistics Network Based on Space of Flows 被引量:3
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作者 LI Yuanjun WU Qitao +2 位作者 ZHANG Yuling HUANG Guangqing ZHANG Hongou 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期36-50,共15页
The intermediate link compression characteristics of e-commerce express logistics ne tworks influence the tradition al mode of circulation of goods and economic organization,and alter the city spatial pattern.Based on... The intermediate link compression characteristics of e-commerce express logistics ne tworks influence the tradition al mode of circulation of goods and economic organization,and alter the city spatial pattern.Based on the theory of space of flows,this study adopts China Smart Logistics Network relational data to build China's e-commerce express logistics network and explore its spatial structure characteristics through social network analysis(SNA),the PageRank technique,and geospatial methods.The results are as follows:the network density is 0.9270,which is close to 1;hence,indicating that e-commerce express logistics lines between Chinese cities are nearly complete and they form a typical network structure,thereby eliminating fragmented spaces.Moreover,the average minimum number of edges is 1.1375,which indicates that the network has a small world effect and thus has a high flow efficiency of logistics elements.A significant hierarchical diffusion effect was observed in dominant flows with the highest edge weights.A diamond-structured network was formed with Shanghai,Guangzhou,Chongqing,and Beijing as the four core nodes.Other node cities with a large logistics scale and importance in the network are mainly located in the 19 city agglomerations of China,revealing the fact that the development of city agglomerations is essential for promoting the separation of experience space and changing the urban spatial pattern.This study enriches the theory of urban networks,reveals the flow laws of modern logistics elements,and encourages coordinated development of urban logistics. 展开更多
关键词 space of flows e-commerce express logistics urban logistics network logistics big data
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Empirical Research on E-commerce to Increase the Scale of Agricultural Products Trade: Taking Guangxi Hezhou Zhengfeng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. as an Example 被引量:2
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作者 Changliang PAN Jinfang LI 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2020年第2期8-10,共3页
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.The periodicity of agricultural product output and prices,the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers,and the inherent characteristics of small scale,h... Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.The periodicity of agricultural product output and prices,the asymmetry of information between buyers and sellers,and the inherent characteristics of small scale,high cost,and low profit have caused slow sales,which greatly hurt the enthusiasm of farmers to develop production and endanger social stability.Constructing an informationized and commercialized trading platform and an information sharing platform through e-commerce and establishing related systems and supervision mechanisms will help to promote the rapid growth of agricultural product sales.Research has shown that in the field of agricultural circulation,e-commerce has a significant effect on increasing the scale of agricultural trade. 展开更多
关键词 e-commerce Agricultural product TRADE SCALE Case study
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Transaction Frequency Based Trust for E-Commerce
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作者 Dong Huang Sean Xu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第3期5319-5329,共11页
Most traditional trust computing models in E-commerce do not take the transaction frequency among participating entities into consideration,which makes it easy for one party of the transaction to obtain a high trust v... Most traditional trust computing models in E-commerce do not take the transaction frequency among participating entities into consideration,which makes it easy for one party of the transaction to obtain a high trust value in a short time,and brings many disadvantages,uncertainties and even attacks.To solve this problem,a transaction frequency based trust is proposed in this study.The proposed method is composed of two parts.The first part is built on the classic Bayes analysis based trust modelswhich are ease of computing for the E-commerce system.The second part is the transaction frequency module which can mitigate the potential insecurity caused by one participating entity gaining trust in a short time.Simulations show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the self-promoting attacks so as to maintain the function of E-commerce system. 展开更多
关键词 Transaction frequency TRUST Bayes analysis e-commerce
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Enhanced E-commerce Fraud Prediction Based on a Convolutional Neural Network Model
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作者 Sumin Xie Ling Liu +3 位作者 Guang Sun Bin Pan Lin Lang Peng Guo 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第4期1107-1117,共11页
The rapidly escalating sophistication of e-commerce fraud in recent years has led to an increasing reliance on fraud detection methods based on machine learning.However,fraud detection methods based on conventional ma... The rapidly escalating sophistication of e-commerce fraud in recent years has led to an increasing reliance on fraud detection methods based on machine learning.However,fraud detection methods based on conventional machine learning approaches suffer from several problems,including an excessively high number of network parameters,which decreases the efficiency and increases the difficulty of training the network,while simultaneously leading to network overfitting.In addition,the sparsity of positive fraud incidents relative to the overwhelming proportion of negative incidents leads to detection failures in trained networks.The present work addresses these issues by proposing a convolutional neural network(CNN)framework for detecting ecommerce fraud,where network training is conducted using historical market transaction data.The number of network parameters reduces via the local perception field and weight sharing inherent in the CNN framework.In addition,this deep learning framework enables the use of an algorithmiclevel approach to address dataset imbalance by focusing the CNN model on minority data classes.The proposed CNN model is trained and tested using a large public e-commerce service dataset from 2018,and the test results demonstrate that the model provides higher fraud prediction accuracy than existing state-of-the-art methods. 展开更多
关键词 CNN model detection e-commerce FRAUD
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New Trends of E-commerce Development Brought by Chinese International Trade 被引量:2
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作者 Wen Xu 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第8期1-3,共3页
e-commerce as a new trade, in the form of the current globalization of information and economic globalization, is with its strong competitive advantage and vitality, which can quickly spread to all areas of internatio... e-commerce as a new trade, in the form of the current globalization of information and economic globalization, is with its strong competitive advantage and vitality, which can quickly spread to all areas of international business, and it changes in the international economic landscape had a profound impact. E-commerce is based on the rapid development of computer technology and the wide application is on the use of the Internet and advanced communications technology. It changes the the past, traditional physical trading and cash transactions, in a virtualization market, merchandise presentation via the web. With the online payment, the use of advanced materials and distribution logistics systems are for tangible and intangible commodities trading of a new trade. This new types of transactions overturn the traditional transaction methods, so that the whole business process, whether it is in the application of domestic and foreign trade, and has achieved the goal of online shopping and trading. E-commerce international trade transaction cost savings improve the efficiency of transactions; it changes in the foreign trade transaction process, the development of third-party trading platform is increasing the competitiveness of enterprises and the creation of employment opportunities in all aspects of a country' s foreign trade and the overall economy have had a significant impact. E-commerce is to establish a new economic and trade order, the already mature in the world trading system and the order is being re-shuffling of the emerging e-commerce trade. China is the world' s top-ranked in the world' s total import and export trade power, is under the wave of e-commerce, the difficulties, we should seize opportunities, and meet challenges. 展开更多
关键词 INTERNATIONAL TRADE New TREND e-commerce
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An Enhanced Intelligent Intrusion Detection System to Secure E-Commerce Communication Systems
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作者 Adil Hussain Kashif Naseer Qureshi +1 位作者 Khalid Javeed Musaed Alhussein 《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI 2023年第11期2513-2528,共16页
Information and communication technologies are spreading rapidly due to their fast proliferation in many fields.The number of Internet users has led to a spike in cyber-attack incidents.E-commerce applications,such as... Information and communication technologies are spreading rapidly due to their fast proliferation in many fields.The number of Internet users has led to a spike in cyber-attack incidents.E-commerce applications,such as online banking,marketing,trading,and other online businesses,play an integral role in our lives.Network Intrusion Detection System(NIDS)is essential to protect the network from unauthorized access and against other cyber-attacks.The existing NIDS systems are based on the Backward Oracle Matching(BOM)algorithm,which minimizes the false alarm rate and causes of high packet drop ratio.This paper discussed the existing NIDS systems and different used pattern-matching techniques regarding their weaknesses and limitations.To address the existing system issues,this paper proposes an enhanced version of the BOM algorithm by using multiple pattern-matching methods for the NIDS system to improve the network performance.The proposed solution is tested in simulation with existing solutions using the Snort and NSL-KDD datasets.The experimental results indicated that the proposed solution performed better than the existing solutions and achieved a 5.17%detection rate and a 0.22%lower false alarm rate than the existing solution. 展开更多
关键词 e-commerce NIDS security algorithm network applications CIA detection
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Problems in Cross-border E-commerce Export Trade in China & Countermeasure Analysis 被引量:3
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作者 Yang Zhenhua Shen Qiang 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第10期63-66,共4页
As an emerging industry in China, cross-border e-commerce has enjoyed the leap-forward development, along with increasingly prominent problems. This paper aims at finding out the problems and related roots that hinder... As an emerging industry in China, cross-border e-commerce has enjoyed the leap-forward development, along with increasingly prominent problems. This paper aims at finding out the problems and related roots that hinder its development, through conducting an analysis on the export development of cross-border e-commerce, in order to look for solutions and countermeasures in favor of its sound development and to promote the liberalization development of foreign trade in China. 展开更多
关键词 Cross-border e-commerce Export Cross-border Logistics Cross-border e-commerce Supervision
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Cross-border E-commerce: New Engine for Foreign Trade Development 被引量:1
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作者 Lily Wang 《China's Foreign Trade》 2021年第2期8-9,共2页
The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated the digital transition of global foreign trade and China’s cross-border e-commerce has been growing markedly.Data shows that the total foreign trade carried out through cross-bord... The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated the digital transition of global foreign trade and China’s cross-border e-commerce has been growing markedly.Data shows that the total foreign trade carried out through cross-border e-commerce amounted to RMB 1.69 trillion in 2020,up by 31.1%from the previous year. 展开更多
关键词 TRADE BORDER ENGINE
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Analysis of the Development Environment and Trend of Cross-Border E-commerce in China
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作者 Yanxia Li Can Xu Ping Zhu 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2023年第6期30-38,共9页
With the conclusion of the novel coronavirus pandemic and the increasingly complex market environment,China’s cross-border e-commerce has entered a new phase of development.The external landscape is evolving rapidly,... With the conclusion of the novel coronavirus pandemic and the increasingly complex market environment,China’s cross-border e-commerce has entered a new phase of development.The external landscape is evolving rapidly,and there is a gradual improvement in laws and regulations governing cross-border e-commerce,coupled with increased government support.Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the market economy,overall development has been steadily improving.The Internet population is expanding,the online retail market is experiencing rapid growth,the consumption structure is undergoing transformation and upgrading,and the e-commerce market is demonstrating significant potential.The advancement of technologies such as big data,artificial intelligence,blockchain,and supply chain has provided more efficient operational support for the cross-border e-commerce industry.Against the backdrop of the emergence of new forms of cross-border e-commerce in China post-pandemic,this paper utilizes the PEST model to analyze the macro environment of cross-border e-commerce in China and project its future development trends. 展开更多
关键词 Cross-border e-commerce Environmental analysis Development trend
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Temporal and spatial evolution of global major grain trade patterns
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作者 Ziqi Yin Jiaxuan Hu +3 位作者 Jing Zhang Xiangyang Zhou Lingling Li Jianzhai Wu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期1075-1086,共12页
The complex and volatile international landscape has significantly impacted global grain supply security. This study uses a complex network analysis model to examine the evolution and trends of the global major grain ... The complex and volatile international landscape has significantly impacted global grain supply security. This study uses a complex network analysis model to examine the evolution and trends of the global major grain trade from 1990 to 2020, focusing on network topology, centrality ranking, and community structure. There are three major findings. First, the global major grain trade network has expanded in scale, with a growing emphasis on diversification and balance. During the study period, the United States, Canada, China, and Brazil were the core nodes of the network. Grain-exporting countries were mainly situated in Asia, the Americas, and Europe, and importing countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Second, a significant increase in the number of high centrality countries with high export capacity occurred, benefiting from natural advantages such as fertile land and favorable climates. Third, the main global grain trade network is divided into four communities, with the Americas-Europe community being the largest and most widespread. The formation of the community pattern was influenced by geographic proximity, driven by the core exporting countries. Therefore, the world needs to enhance the existing trade model, promote the multi-polarization of the grain trade network, and establish a global vision for the future community. Countries and regions should participate actively in global grain trade security governance and institutional reform, expand trade links with other countries, and optimize import and export policies to reduce trade risks. 展开更多
关键词 grain trade pattern evolution complex network
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