Empirical Research on the Relationship between Education Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization—Spatial Panel Simultaneous Equation Model Based on Provincial Panel Data

On the basis of using entropy weight method to measure China’s education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization evaluation indicators, using the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2021, a spatial panel simultaneous equation model is constructed based on adjacency matrix, geographical distance matrix and economic geographical distance matrix deeply study the interaction mechanism and spatial spillover effects between education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization through the generalized spatial three-stage least squares method (GS3SLS). The results indicate that there is a significant spatial spillover effect and a positive spatial correlation between education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and there is a significant interactive effect between the two variables, while promoting each other positively. Therefore, the government should clarify the deep relationship between education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization based on the current background, and better consolidate and expand the effective connection between the achievements of education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.

The Model of Poverty Alleviation and Income Growth by Developing Plateau-characterized Agriculture and Its Achievements Analysis in Yunnan Province——a Case Study in Midu County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture

The policy of taking the targeted poverty alleviation measures has been the mission of the age in propelling the 13th Five-year Plan and building moderately prosperous society. A good poverty alleviation model is of significance for the goal. The research introduced a poverty-stricken county-Midu County, Dali Bai Au- tonomous Prefecture, analyzed the basic approaches and the main achievements of ＂the model of poverty alleviation and income growth by developing plateau-charac- terized agriculture＂, and proposed some suggestions to promoting and applying this model. The research provides references for plateau-characterized agricultural devel- opment and targeted poverty alleviation strategy.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Southwestern High-altitude Mountainous Areas of China——A Case Study of Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Xueshan Township in Luquan County of Yunnan Province through Planting Codonopsis pilosula

Due to the severe restrictions of natural conditions and ecological environment,high-altitude mountainous areas usually become the " hard bones" in the battle against poverty. Xueshan Township,Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province,located in the alpine valley of Jinsha River,is a major township with wide and deep poverty,and the incidence of poverty is up to 45. 00%. In recent years,Xueshan Township has insisted on the battle against poverty,made effort to develop the Codonopsis pilosula industry,and successfully developed a road to poverty alleviation through C. pilosula industry,and formed a unique industrial poverty alleviation model by the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty dropped to 0. 74%. Based on field survey and interview,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific practices,main results,practical experience and promotion and application measures of the poverty alleviation model of C. pilosula planting industry in Xueshan Township,in the hope of providing certain reference for the targeted poverty alleviation in similar areas in Yunnan Province and other provinces of China.

The Model of "Party Branch +" in Promoting Industrial Poverty Alleviation in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Areas of China: A Case Study of Xundian in Yunnan Province

The integration and development of grass-roots Party organizations and accurate poverty alleviation is the focus in social development in the new period. This is also a new measure explored by the CPC Central Committee in the new historical period to solve rural reform and extricate the poor from poverty,and can effectively enhance the enthusiasm of the masses in poverty alleviation and development work. Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County is located in the mountainous area of northeast Yunnan Province. It is one of the 592 national key counties for poverty alleviation and development and one of the 38 continuous development counties in Wumeng Mountain area. Since the implementation of the accurate poverty alleviation strategy,Xundian County insists on getting rid of poverty to grasp the overall situation of county economic and social development,focus on the actual situation of the county people,and conscientiously grasp the key of industrial poverty alleviation. It regards industry as the fundamental driving force to realize poverty alleviation from " blood transfusion" to " blood creation",and innovates the model of " Party branch +" to help the poor out of poverty by industry. It has selected 187 agricultural enterprises( cooperatives,large households) to achieve full coverage of all registered poor households,and achieved remarkable results. It has realized that each poor village has one to two leading industries,and each poor household has one to two industrial income projects,having led 30 500 poor households to increase their average income by more than 1 850 yuan. The final incidence of poverty decreased from 26. 93% in 2014 to 0. 35% at the end of 2017,becoming one of the first counties in Yunnan Province to get rid of poverty. It is also the only county in Yunnan Province that has won the Antipoverty Organization Innovation Award of the State Council. Based on field research and interviews,this paper analyzes and summarizes the specific methods,main achievements,practical experience and popularization and application measures of Xundian County " Party Branch +" to promote industrial poverty alleviation,so as to provide necessary reference for accurate poverty reduction and poverty alleviation in similar mountainous areas of Yunnan Province and other provinces.

Diamond Model Based Analysis on Cooperation between of Poverty Alleviation and Emission Reduction in Agricultural Counties: A Case Study of Huoshan County in Anhui Province

2020 is the year of decisive stage for building a well-off society in an all-round way.On the winter vacation of 2020,we went to Huoshan County,Anhui Province,an old revolutionary area,and conducted a social survey for nearly a month.Through interviews,on-site observations,and access to materials,we clearly found that the local party committee and government actively responded to the call of the state,practiced the"two mountains"theory,turned a poor and backward agricultural county into a national ecologically civilized and well-off county,and realized the coordinated progress of poverty alleviation and energy conservation and emission reduction.Starting from the government policies and rural facts of Huoshan County,a national ecological county,and using Porter’s"Diamond Model",our team used Huoshan County’s environmental advantages and disadvantages,economic prosperity and decline as comparison conditions,and analyzed external factors such as factor conditions,opportunities,related and supporting industries,government forces,etc.,to come up with pertinent recommendations for the development of agricultural county-level characteristic industries.

An Unconventional Model of Poverty Alleviation Directed by the Human Rights Approaches:based on an Observation of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy and Its Practice in Weixian County of Hebei Province

Against the background that poverty alleviation is increasingly linked to the human rights-based approach in the international community,an issue arises concerning how to assess the targeted poverty alleviation strategy in China from a human rights perspective.The human rights-based approach emphasiz connecting poverty alleviation with those rights recognized in international human rights conventions,with a focus on the notion of multi-dimensional poverty and the empowerment and accountability in the process of poverty alleviation.The targeted poverty alleviation in China embodies the notion of capability poverty and adopts a multi-dimensional poverty alleviation strategy.The principles of empowerment and accountability have also been implemented to a large extent.All of the elements existing in the targeted poverty alleviation model such as super political will,government dominance,targeted implementation and unconventional mobilization are critical to ensuring the eventual success of poverty alleviation and human rights protection therein.Generally speaking,some deficiencies in respect of empowerment and rule of law in targeted poverty alleviation will not hinder the overall effectiveness of poverty alleviation.Nevertheless,it will be very helpful to reinforce the empowerment and rule of law in order to insure the fairness and sustainability in poverty alleviation,especially in the inevitable transition from an unconventional model ofp overty alleviation to a conventional one in future.

Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Extreme Poverty-stricken Areas in Western China: A Case Study of Targeted Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Awang Town,Dongchuan District

Poverty alleviation through employment promotion is to promote the poor households to get rid of poverty through promoting employment to increase income. It is the most effective and direct way out of poverty. Dongchuan District, located in the alpine valley area of northeastern Yunnan, is a typical extreme poverty-stricken county in China. Under its jurisdiction, Awang Town is a mountainous township with a wide area of poverty and an extreme poverty. The incidence of poverty in 2015 reached 35.39%. In recent years, through the implementation of various policies to combat poverty, combined with the advantages as a traditional "hometown of migrant labor", focusing on employment- promoting poverty alleviation work, Awang Town has made certain achievements in poverty alleviation work. By the end of 2018, the poverty rate in the town fell to 0.57%, marking a major victory in the town s fight against poverty. Through field investigations, this article summarizes the main practices of Awang Town to carry out employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation, analyzes the poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of the town s employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation work and discusses the promotion and application of this model so as to provide reference Yunnan Province and other poverty-stricken areas to carry out employment-promoting poverty alleviation.

Poverty Alleviation in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Western China by Supporting Industry: A Case Study of Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province

Poverty alleviation by supporting industry is a key measure to promote the poverty alleviation of relocated households. Taking Xundian County, the first county in Yunnan Province that has been lifted out of poverty, as an research case, this article analyzes and summarizes the industry-supporting poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of two typical relocation areas (Shanhou Village and Eyang Village) in Xundian County. Practice has shown that the key to industry-supporting poverty alleviation lies in targetedness to strengthen the participation of poor farmers in industrial development. The interests of poverty alleviation entities should be linked by market mechanism to establish a benign interaction between all parties for win-win situation, thereby effectively guaranteeing the long-term and healthy development of poverty alleviation by supporting industry.

Tourism dependence and poverty alleviation thresholds in Chinese ethnic tourism

Questions persist on the relationship between tourism dependence and economic growth in ethnic tourism areas.This study addresses such gaps by constructing a threshold regression model based on socio-economic data from 2006 to 2019 for nine sites in Enshi Prefecture of central China.Arc GIS and other open-source data were also used to visualize changing tourism resources in the region.Findings suggest that tourism dependence(the ratio of tourism-based GDP to overall GDP)significantly promotes economic growth in ethnic minority areas.However,the positive influence of tourism dependence on economic growth appears dynamic and non-linear–rising at first before falling when tourism dependence exceeded a threshold of 34%,with effects varying by site and year.Methods and findings make crucial theoretical contributions to understanding tourism dependence and poverty alleviation linkages.This paper also highlights the importance of political support and balanced investment in diverse industries to minimize decreasing returns beyond tourism dependence thresholds in destinations worldwide.

Effective way of alleviating poverty against poverty control: Based on the model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" in Zhen'an County

Based on the survey research of poverty controlling model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" in Zhen'an County, its forming motives, implementing mechanism, and constraint factors have been explored to testify its enlightenment and applicability, establishing a promotable, applicable, and effective poverty alleviation model. "Three Drives, Four Joints" model is linked to the poor who lacks ability of self-development. Relying on the drives from key leading companies, the capable and the rich, a community with shared interests by the poor and the subjects of the "three drives" could be formed through "Joint Production, Joint Resources, Joint Community of Stock, and Joint Operation". The linked poverty alleviation development model of "the influential and the rich bring along the poor" and "A rich household would help the others" come into being. It is found out that the model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" is in essence a poverty alleviation method focusing on the increase of the income and diversified ways of increasing the earnings. Problems of poverty alleviation carrier and joint mechanism have been solved in the poverty alleviation process. The model is innovative in activating the resource elements, helping to move the poor out of poverty. A referential, copyable, and applicable model is offered to advance the poverty alleviation in mountainous areas in China.

“The Source of Flowing Water”:How Targeted Poverty Alleviation Helps China’s Rural Poor Access Credit

Based on the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)data of 2011-2017,this paper investigated the effects of China’s targeted poverty alleviation policy on rural credit access and amount using the“difference-in-differences”methodology.This study found that the targeted poverty alleviation policy increased the availability and amount of formal credit to poor households and reduced the proportion and amount of their borrowing through informal channels,and that the effects increased amid the policy’s implementation over time.This paper further found that the policy effects were more significant for China’s western regions,reflecting a positive role of targeted poverty alleviation in coordinating pro-poor finance across regions.Compared with poor counties,poor households from non-poor counties experienced a greater increase in their probability and amount of formal credit access,reflecting China’s approach of reducing regional poverty before targeting more precisely at individual poor households.This paper also uncovered that no significant“elite capture”effect had existed in the allocation of formal agricultural credit under targeted poverty alleviation,but extremely poor households experienced no significant change in their access to formal credit.While the targeted poverty alleviation policy has helped create a sound rural credit market,it should further improve access to formal finance for extremely poor households.

高质量发展目标下脱贫县农业产业化与农地利用生态效率耦合协调分析:以江西省为例

探究脱贫县农业产业化与农地利用生态效率耦合协调关系,对促进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于新发展理念,以江西省25个脱贫县为研究对象,构建农业产业化与农地利用生态效率耦合评价体系,借助耦合协调模型和泰尔指数模型测度两者的耦合协调水平及其区域差异。结果表明:(1)2011—2020年,江西省脱贫县农地利用生态效率总体水平较高,年均值为0.738,赣南地区高于赣中和赣北地区;(2)2011—2020年,江西省脱贫县农业产业化发展指数总体水平较低,年均值为0.414,赣北地区最高,其次为赣中,赣南最低;(3)2011—2020年,脱贫县农业产业化与农地利用生态效率耦合协调指数由期初的0.321升至期末的0.342,总体处于中度失调和轻度失调阶段;(4)脱贫县地区内差异对泰尔指数总体贡献最大,县域农业发展协调性较弱。进一步分析可以发现,市场与政府的作用差异是导致农业产业化水平与农地利用生态效率存在差异的主要原因,综合运用行政和市场手段推动农业产业化发展是提高两者耦合协调水平的关键。

医保扶贫政策效力评价及相对贫困时期医保防贫政策优化研究——基于PMC指数模型

[目的]对我国医保扶贫政策文本进行量化评价,为进一步优化与完善相对贫困阶段医保政策、巩固医保脱贫攻坚成果、构建长效化医疗保障防贫抑贫长效机制提供决策参考。[方法]基于2018-2021年我国具有代表性的9项医保扶贫政策文本,运用文本挖掘法,建立PMC指数评价模型并进行量化评价。[结果]9项政策中,PMC指数的计算结果为P7<P9<P2<P6<P8<P5<P1<P4<P3,其中6项为优秀政策,3项为可接受政策。[结论]我国医保扶贫政策覆盖面较宽,但在政策针对性、持续性及协同性等方面尚有欠缺,建议今后政策制定或改进时,应在保持政策总体稳定的基础上,进一步关注政策对象变化及政策目标实现路径,重点探索完善医保防贫抑贫长效机制。

新发展阶段扶贫项目资产管理典型模式及启示建议

选取安徽省W县、陕西省F县和四川省N县作为样本进行考察,研究表明安徽省W县的“严把五关”模式、陕西省F县的“四五三”模式、四川省N县的“五字诀”模式因地制宜探索摸清底数、确权登记、落实管理责任、规范管护运营与收益分配、严格资产处置等扶贫项目资产管理机制,取得了显著成效。进入新发展阶段,扶贫项目资产管理面临着“多头管”“理不清”“风险大”等现实问题,应加强顶层设计,多方协同齐抓共管;加强运营管护,提高资产绩效;加强分类管理,提升管理的精准性;防控多重风险,切实保护资产安全。

连片特困地区县域交通扶贫效率测度及影响因素——以滇西边境山区为例

交通扶贫效率测度可为乡村振兴阶段区域交通规划方案制定提供重要的理论依据。以滇西边境山区56个县域四年间交通与经济发展面板数据为样本,构建交通扶贫效率投入产出指标体系,运用DEA模型、Malmquist指数测度滇西边境山区各县交通扶贫效率,并分析其时空分布特征。同时,构建Tobit回归模型,探究县域交通扶贫效率的影响因素。研究表明:滇西边境山区县域交通扶贫效率整体呈逐步增长态势,在乡村振兴阶段仍然有较大提升空间,且交通扶贫综合效率主要受到规模效率的影响;滇西边境山区县域交通扶贫效率大幅提升;依据交通扶贫综合效率的平均值和Malmquist指数值两个维度,滇西边境山区56个县可划分为潜力型、发展型、成熟型及巩固型4种类型,而发展型和成熟型是滇西边境山区交通扶贫效率的主要形态;县域规模、产业结构对交通扶贫效率的提升具有反向抑制作用,就业支持、消费水平、区位优势、投资规模均在不同程度上对滇西边境山区交通扶贫效率产生正向促进作用;各影响因素对不同发展阶段的县域交通扶贫效率在影响强度和作用路径上存在差异。因此,应进一步优化县城交通基础设施空间布局,强化劳动力就业等因素与交通运输发展的“联动效应”,针对不同交通扶贫发展阶段及影响因素短板,采取差异化、合理化发展策略。

数字普惠金融、农民增收与共同富裕

数字普惠金融能够缓解农村金融困境,成为巩固脱贫攻坚成果、实现共同富裕的重要方式。基于2013—2022年中国280个地市级面板数据,实证检验了数字普惠金融对共同富裕的影响机制、非线性关系及空间溢出效应。研究表明,我国区域间共同富裕水平呈显著的空间正相关性,且样本考察期内集聚模式未发生显著变化,具有显著的空间集聚性;机制分析表明,数字普惠金融对共同富裕具有显著正向作用,农民增收在数字普惠金融与共同富裕关系中发挥中介作用;数字普惠金融的积极影响存在“边际效应”非线性递增,且农民增收能够调节数字普惠金融的非线性溢出效应;数字普惠金融对共同富裕的积极影响具有空间溢出特点,且呈“东部>中部>西部”区域异质性。通过推动数字普惠金融优先发展、努力促进区域协调发展以及充分带动农民增收,能够加快实现共同富裕。

拥堵车源的区域多层交通网络混合路径诱导策略

为了缓解高速公路交通拥堵,利用国道和省道实现交通分流,并有针对性地实施路径诱导策略,建立了考虑拥堵车源的区域多层交通网络混合路径诱导模型。首先,构建了由国道、省道以及湖南省高速公路组成的区域多层交通网络,标定网络链接权重。然后,定位交通拥堵车源,建立了考虑拥堵车源的混合路径诱导模型,对从拥堵车源出发的车辆实施有针对性的路径诱导,在保障缓解交通拥堵效果的同时,尽可能减少对出行者的影响。研究结果表明,该模型能够实现多层网络有效分流,有效减少路网中车辆的平均出行时间。在实际应用中,可以只对少数出行者提供路径诱导信息以降低模型的实施难度,并通过调查出行者对建议路径的接受率,制定合适的路径诱导信息发布方案。

考虑OD需求聚类的区域多层公路交通网络混合路径诱导模型

随着交通出行需求的快速增长,我国高速公路网络面临的运输压力日渐增加,经常出现严重的交通拥堵现象。为了缓解高速公路交通拥堵,并实施更有针对性的交通管控措施,提出了考虑OD需求聚类的区域多层公路交通网络混合路径诱导模型。首先,利用湖南省高速公路以及国道、省道的地理信息数据构建区域多层公路交通网络。然后,根据OD对间距离和OD交通量的差异,利用K-均值聚类算法对OD对进行聚类分析,将OD对划分为3个不同的类别。最后,应用遗传算法筛选出各类OD对中对拥堵贡献较大的出行群体,并建立有针对性的混合路径诱导模型,对拥堵贡献较大和拥堵贡献较小的出行群体分别应用不同的路径诱导方案。当OD需求扩样系数设置为6时,对OD对聚类可以将总出行成本进一步降低35186.03 min。在不进行OD对聚类时,使用规划路径的出行总数为79140,而实施OD对聚类后,使用规划路径的出行总数为70374。使用诱导路径的出行的平均出行时间由121.47 min下降为85.61 min,极少数出行(3.75%)的时间增加,且增加最大值低于3 min。对多个不同扩样系数进行敏感性分析进一步说明了考虑OD需求聚类的混合路径诱导模型具有良好的拥堵缓解效果。考虑OD需求聚类的区域多层公路交通网络混合路径诱导模型可以用于识别对拥堵贡献较大的关键出行群体,进而制定有针对性的路径诱导策略,在缓解高速公路交通拥堵的同时能够减少对大多数出行者的影响,降低路径诱导策略的实施难度。另外,研究结果还表明:对出行距离较长的出行群体实施路径诱导能够更加有效地缓解区域多层公路交通网络中的交通拥堵。

渝东南民族地区乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素研究

中国已全面建成小康社会,进入巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的新阶段。基于修正的可持续旅游生计理论,以渝东南民族地区为例,定量测度乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的成效,运用结构方程模型分析乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素。结果表明:①经济、文化、社会、环境4个层面在巩固脱贫攻坚成果的步调一致,但是没有形成良好的互动机制,属于勉强协调发展的水平,制约了4个系统间的协调发展;②渝东南民族地区乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素重要性从大到小依次为经济资本、人力资本、自然资本、制度资本、社会资本,均具有显著正向影响。针对以上结论,为巩固脱贫攻坚成果,本文从优化经济与人力资本、完善制度与自然资本、强化文化和社会认同3个方面提出对策建议。

福建省县域共同富裕水平测度及障碍因素分析

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