Study on an Integrated Sintered Metal Screen Moving Granular Bed Filter

A new gas clean-up process called 'integrated sintered metal screen moving granular bed' (ISMSMGB) for the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressured fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) was developed on the basis of a sintered metal candle filter and a cross-flow moving granular bed filter. This is a combination of the surface and deep bed filtering processes. A set of facilities was established and a series of cold model tests were carried out. The dust removal efficiency and the pressure drop of the filter were measured and analyzed. The results show that this process features the advantages of the moving bed for high capacity as well as high inlet dust load and the surface filter for high efficiency. Meanwhile, the granules moving downward cleans the cake on the screen surface, so that the system is operated at steady state.

Solar-blind ultraviolet band-pass filter based on metal–dielectric multilayer structures

Solar-blind ultraviolet （UV） band-pass filter has significant value in many scientific, commercial, and military appli- cations, in which the detection of weak UV signal against a strong background of solar radiation is required. In this work, a solar-blind filter is designed based on the concept of ＂transparent metal＂. The filter consisting of Al/SiO2 multilayers could exhibit a high transmission in the solar-blind wavelength region and a wide stopband extending from near-ultraviolet to infrared wavelength range. The central wavelength, bandwidth, Q factor, and rejection ratio of the passband are numerically studied as a function of individual layer thickness and multilayer period.

Extra-narrowband metallic filters with an ultrathin single-layer metallic grating

Narrowband and high-transmission optical filters are extensively used in color display technology, optical information processing, and high-sensitive sensing. Because of large ohmic losses in metallic nanostructures, metallic filters usually exhibit low transmittances and broad bandwidths. By employing both strong field enhancements in metallic nano-slits and the Wood’s anomaly in a periodic metallic grating, an extra-narrowband and high-transmission metallic filter is numerically predicted in an ultrathin single-layer metallic grating. Simulation results show that the Wood’s anomaly in the ultrathin(thickness H = 60 nm) single-layer metallic grating results in large field enhancements in the substrate and low losses in the metallic grating. As a result, the transmission bandwidth(transmittance T > 60%) at λ = 1200 nm is as small as △λFWHM=1.6 nm, which is smaller than 4% of that in the previous thin dielectric and metallic filters. The corresponding quality factor is as high as Q = λ/△λFWHM= 750, which is 40 times greater than that in the previous reports. Moreover, the thickness of our metallic filter(H = 60 nm) is smaller than 40% of that in the previous reports, and its maximum transmittance can reach up to 80%. In experiments, a narrowband metallic filter with a bandwidth of about △λFWHM = 10 nm, which is smaller than 25% of that in the previous metallic filters, is demonstrated.

金属长滤袋脉冲喷吹清灰均匀性优化研究

为了探究喷吹管的喷吹孔径分布方式对金属长滤袋脉冲喷吹清灰均匀性的影响,采用3种喷吹孔径分布方式不同的喷吹管对金属长滤袋进行脉冲喷吹实验,对比研究不同喷吹孔径分布方式下,沿喷吹管气流方向滤袋间侧壁压力峰值分布规律。结果表明:采用喷吹管T_(1)时,滤袋侧壁压力峰值沿喷吹孔K_(1)—K_(9)方向分布不均匀,波动幅度较大,不满足清灰均匀性的要求;采用喷吹管T_(2)时,滤袋清灰均匀性有所改善,但仍不满足清灰均匀性的要求;采用喷吹管T_(3),喷吹孔K_(1)—K_(9)对应滤袋侧壁压力峰值变化趋势平缓,各测点侧壁压力峰值的方差均小于0.01,表明喷吹管T_(3)满足金属长滤袋清灰均匀性的要求。结果表明可以采用改变喷吹管孔径及其分布方式提高金属长滤袋脉冲喷吹的清灰均匀性。

基于HMSIW的小型化三模带通滤波器设计

传统的多模谐振器引入多个谐振器,并利用其中两个甚至多个谐振模式来组合构建滤波器通带,但由于其谐振器个数较多而在射频系统中占用了较大的空间。为此,本文提出了基于半圆形半模基片集成波导(HMSIW)的三模带通滤波器,通过引入金属化过孔来扰动半圆形HMSIW谐振腔的谐振模式的电场分布,使得对应的谐振模式的频率也会随之发生偏移,进而使原本谐振频率相差较大的三个谐振模式的频率逐渐靠近,最终组合形成滤波器的通带。该设计无需引入额外的谐振器,能够实现滤波器尺寸减半甚至成倍减少,从而达成小型化的目的。

基于圆形腔的表面等离子体带阻滤波器研究

为研究弯曲波导结构的双边耦合效应对耦合强度的影响,提出一个弯曲波导耦合内嵌十字银条的圆形空腔带阻滤波器,采用有限元法对滤波器结构进行仿真分析。与现有直波导耦合内嵌十字银条的圆形空腔结构对比,弯曲波导结构具有更好的滤波性能,例如最小透射率降低10.44%;改变银条尺寸时模式2阻带透射率值降低近60%。进一步研究表明,通过调整内嵌银条尺寸及相对角度能够实现共振波长调谐、单频带与双频带的切换以及对半峰带宽等的控制,最小半峰带宽分别为11.0152 nm和9.9869 nm。并且对于介质折射率的变化(变化范围为1~1.12),该结构折射率灵敏度保持恒定。所提出的滤波器结构具有良好的频选及窄带带阻滤波特性,在窄带滤波和波分复用等系统中具有重要应用价值。

金属空气预过滤器在某核电站AC厂房的应用

根据某核电站AC厂房送风系统要求和框架文件设计了一种可复用的金属空气预过滤器,与核电站原空气预过滤器的安装方案和运行压差进行了对比。结果表明,运行相同时间后,金属空气预过滤器上游、下游压力和压差上升比例均低于原空气预过滤器,表明金属空气预过滤器运行更稳定。达到终阻力时,金属空气预过滤器可清洗后复用,有良好的应用前景。

异构脱蜡装置金属过滤器设计与试验研究

异构脱蜡装置原料蜡油过滤器易堵塞,再生效果差。将滤芯材料更换为高精度金属复合膜滤材,再生方式改为液体鼓泡+气体爆破反冲洗组合工艺系统,试验验证改进效果。结果表明,金属复合膜对蜡油中5μm以上金属颗粒的拦截效果超过98%,过滤后的蜡油固含量(质量分数)小于5×10^(-6),能够满足生产要求。经过多次循环反冲洗后,过滤器的初始压差和运行时间基本无变化,说明液体鼓泡+气体爆破反冲洗组合再生工艺应用效果良好。

基于正弦图融合的CT金属伪影校正算法研究

目的为解决修复后的投影数据与周围投影数据之间过渡不连续的问题,提出一种基于正弦图融合的CT金属伪影校正算法。方法通过预处理和K均值聚类技术将具有相同空间信息的组织聚在一起生成先验图像,并根据金属区域与先验图像的投影差异校正原始图像投影以得到校正后的投影数据,最后采用滤波反投影算法重建得到校正后的CT图像。结果在CT仿真数据验证中,基于先验插值的金属伪影校正(Fusion Prior-Based Metal Artifact Reduction,FP-MAR)算法在单金属校正和多金属校正中的峰值信噪比分别为0.943和0.915,比线性插值校正金属伪影(Linear Interpolation Based Metal Artifact Reduction,LI-MAR)算法分别增加了28.65%和44.55%;FP-MAR算法在单金属校正和多金属校正中的结构相似性分别为0.984和0.961,比LI-MAR算法分别增加了48.41%和64.27%。临床CT伪影影像验证中,FP-MAR算法校正后CT金属伪影的主观评价高于LI-MAR算法校正后的CT金属伪影图像,且二者差异有统计学意义。结论本研究提出的算法可有效解决修复后的投影数据与周围投影数据之间过渡不连续的问题,更好地保留金属结构附近的信息。

Vision sensing of P-GMAW weld pool using narrow band filters with different center wavelengths

The selection of narrow band filter＇s center wavelength has an important influence on the quality of the weld pool image captured in passive vision mettmd for controlling arc welding process. In this paper, 29 narrow band filters with different center wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to near infrared wavelength were used to capture images of weld pool during both the peak current period and the base current period of P-GMA W （ pulsed gas metal arc welding）. The experimental results showed that the filters with near infrared center wavelength could weaken the arc most during the peak current period, while during the base current period the entire weld pool could be seen with the filters with wavelength above 600 nm. The camera spectral response and the radio of arc to weld pool emission were considered to analyze the phenomenon of experimental results.

Numerical investigation on cooling performance of filter in a pyrotechnic gas generator

As a key part of the pyrotechnic gas generator,the filter not only removes the particulate matter but also cools the hot gas to a safe level.This paper aims to improve the understanding of the basic heat and flow phenomenon in the gas generator.The pyrotechnic gas generator is modelling by a simplified filter structure with fiber arrays.A finite-volume model of the heat and fluid flow is proposed to simulate the detailed multi-dimensional flow and energy conversion behaviors.Several verification results are in good agreement with data in different references.Simulation results demonstrate that the filter can not only absorb heat from the gas but also cause the high intensity enhancement of the heat transfer.The performance difference between inline and staggered arrays is also discussed.The findings of the study put a further prediction tool for the understanding and design of the filter system with fibers.

Treatment of tunnel wash waters-experiments with organic sorbent materials. PartⅡ: Removal of toxic metals

In the first part of the article, the column and the bag experiments concerning removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonpolar oil (NPO) from tunnel wash waters using organic sorbent materials have been described. This part presents the results of removal of toxic metals. The metals of concern (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, and Zn) were selected based on the priority toxicant pollutants defined in surface water quality criteria. Concentrations of these metals in the collected effluent...

Incidental echocardiographic finding:Fractured inferior vena cava filter

Inferior vena cava filters have gained increasing popularity in recent decades and knowledge on rare complications becomes vital to practicing physicians. A 30-year-old African American male with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, end-stage renal disease, history of deep venous thrombosis and placement of venacaval filter who was seen in the cardiology clinic for cardiac risks stratification prior to renal transplant. Patient denied any cardiac symptoms. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and showed two linear echoes bright densities in the right atrium and right ventricle embedded which was later found to be fractured filter struts by computed tomography. We discuss the various outcomes associated with nonretrieval of retrievable inferior vena cava filters.

Effects of SiC and MgO on alumina-based ceramic foams filters

Alumina-based foam ceramic filters were fabricated by using alumina,SiC,magnesia powder as major materials.It has been found that this ceramic filter has a uniform macrostructure for filtering molten metals.The influences of SiC and magnesia content,the sintering temperatures on ceramic properties were discussed.Alumina-based foam ceramic filters containing 2.2 mass% magnesia and 7.6 mass% SiC has a compressive strength of 1.36 MPa and a thermal shock resistance of 5 times.Its main phases after 1 hour sintering at 1 500℃ consist of alumina,silicon carbide,spinel and mullite.

Essential metal Zn in sponge <i>Callyspongia aerizusa</i>from Spermonde Archipelago

Spermonde Archipelago has been found to have a high sponge biodiversity. Sponges that have feeding behavior as filter feeder can be exposed to heavy metals, including Zn metal. Zn is an essential metal that is physiologically needed by sponge to catalyze chemical reactions and generally operates on enzymes. A study on Zn pollution level in Spermonde Archipelago from zone I to Zone IV was conducted by analyzing Zn concentration in sponges, sediments, and seawater. Physicochemical parameters measurement in Spermonde Archipelago indicates that Spermonde Archipelago meets the requirements for sponge growth. Callyspongia aerizusa can be used as metal pollution indicator because this sponge can accumulate heavy metal Zn in high level (99.30 mg/kg dry weight). This sponge was derived from Kondingareng Lompo island at zone III. In addition, Kodingareng Lompo island waters had the highest Zn concentration compared to other islands. Sediments from Lae-Lae island at zone I had the highest Zn metal concentration. Lae-Lae island is the nearest island to Makassar coastal line.

Reducing metal artifacts by restricting negative pixels

When the object contains metals,its x-ray computed tomography(CT)images are normally affected by streaking artifacts.These artifacts are mainly caused by the x-ray beam hardening effects,which deviate the measurements from their true values.One interesting observation of the metal artifacts is that certain regions of the metal artifacts often appear as negative pixel values.Our novel idea in this paper is to set up an objective function that restricts the negative pixel values in the image.We must point out that the naïve idea of setting the negative pixel values in the reconstructed image to zero does not give the same result.This paper proposes an iterative algorithm to optimize this objective function,and the unknowns are the metal affected projections.Once the metal affected projections are estimated,the filtered backprojection algorithm is used to reconstruct the final image.This paper applies the proposed algorithm to some airport bag CT scans.The bags all contain unknown metallic objects.The metal artifacts are effectively reduced by the proposed algorithm.

A Novel Coating Method for Create Filter Media Capable to Remove Phosphate from Wastewater Effectively

Filtration materials coating with metallic oxides represented a good method for phosphate sorption. However, most of the researchers utilize chemicals as a source of metallic oxides and heating process to set the chemicals over the filtration materials. This study is aimed to introduce the furnace bottom ash FBA as a source of metallic oxides;it is available free because it is dumped as a waste material from power generation plants. The method of creating new filter media involves coating the limestone and sand by FBA, and the ordinary Portland cement OPC utilized as binder to binding the mixture materials. The water is the factor which is responsible for activating the OPC. All factors such as mixed materials ratio, water content and age of reaction have subjected to optimization process. The results revealed that the optimal mixture for phosphate removal consists of 40% FBA, 5% OPC from dry weight of supporting material, 35% water ratio from the total weight of FBA and OPC, and 14 days are enough to complete the materials reaction. Limestone-furnace bottom ash LFBA indicated high capacity for phosphate sorption and possibility of efficiency regenerate. This study demonstrates a new method for coating the filtration materials more convenient with sustainability approach.

改进同态滤波与多尺度融合的腐蚀图像增强

为了能够更好地判断金属腐蚀图像的腐蚀程度,针对腐蚀图像存在的亮度不高、对比度低和细节模糊等问题,提出一种改进的同态滤波与多尺度融合的腐蚀图像增强方法。首先,采用引导滤波将原始腐蚀图像分为基础图像和细节图像后加权融合,获得细节对比度增强图像;其次将原始腐蚀图像转换为HSV颜色空间,对亮度分量采用改进后的单参数分块同态滤波得到亮度增强图像,能够在减少同态滤波参数的同时,改善同态滤波亮度过度增强的现象;最后利用拉普拉斯对比度、显著性和饱和度3个权重对处理后具有优势特征的两幅图像进行多尺度融合,得到最终的增强图像。实验结果表明,本文算法的信息熵、均值、平均梯度以及标准差的平均值相较于原图分别提升了7.4%、9.8%、43.34%和29.8%,其中信息熵、平均梯度以及标准差的平均值均优于其余3种算法;本文算法能有效改善腐蚀图像整体亮度,提升暗细节对比度,提高图像质量。

金属滤袋除尘器流场特征研究和优化

在矿山、冶金等行业中,金属滤袋除尘器因其体积小、能在更高过滤风速下使用而得到广泛应用。而高过滤风速状态下的金属滤袋除尘器内部流场存在过滤气流紊乱、流场分布不均匀等问题,导致滤袋顶端粉尘堆积、清灰失效,限制了其稳定运行及优势发挥。采用流体动力学软件CFD-Fluent对高过滤风速状态下除尘器内部流场进行数值模拟发现,当进风速度由4.5 m/s增至8.9 m/s时,滤袋上部处理风量增幅由1.97%增至4.76%,流场分布均匀性较差。据此,设计并制作了Ⅰ型导流板(2块矩形板,对齐滤袋放置)和Ⅱ型导流板(3块矩形板,对齐滤袋间隔放置),并将每种导流板模型与水平面呈0°、10°、20°放置。通过对比分析6种优化方案下的气流运动特性、滤袋表面速度以及流量分配系数,进行了流场均匀性优化评价。结果表明:(1)Ⅱ型导流板安装模型优化效果优于Ⅰ型,随着安装角度增大,滤袋底部受到气流冲击增大,优化效果逐渐减弱;(2)Ⅱ-0型导流板优化效果最佳,能使滤袋表面平均速度标准差降至0.209 8,降幅47.4%,使流场综合流量不均幅值降至0.003 4,降幅69.2%。上述研究结果为金属滤袋除尘器在高过滤风速下处理烟气时的结构优化设计提供了理论依据。

17. 1 nm 极紫外滤光片的制备

为了预警空间天气,需对日地空间物理过程进行监测,极紫外(Extreme Ultraviolet, EUV)滤光片是极紫外成像仪其中的重要组成部分,用来去除太阳辐射光谱中的非工作波段的辐射。为了优化EUV滤光片在17.1 nm波长处的透过率,本文基于比尔-朗伯定律通过理论计算和软件模拟确定17.1 nm EUV滤光片的材料及厚度。首先,采用真空热蒸发的方式在熔石英基底沉积脱膜层和金属薄膜,成功制备了以镍网为支撑的EUV滤光片。经测试,滤光片在17.1 nm处的透过率约为43.81%,表面光滑平整且无明显针孔。接下来为了说明氧化层对透过率的影响,使用椭圆偏振光谱仪测量滤光膜样品,得到放置不同时间的氧化层膜厚,并测得粗糙度来优化模拟滤光片透过率。利用IMD拟合样品氧化层厚度及粗糙度,调整层厚达到与实际测量值最为接近的曲线。实验结果表明滤光片透过率的模拟值与测量值绝对误差约1%,符合良好。本文为17.1 nm EUV滤光片提供了制备方法以及优化思路,在空间探测领域有重要应用价值。