Atmospheric levels and distribution of Dechlorane Plus in an E-waste dismantling region of East China

Atmospheric concentrations of Dechlorane Plus(DP)were investigated in Taizhou,an electronic-waste(E-waste)dismantling region in East China.Passive air samplers with polyurethane foam(PUF)disks were deployed every three months during the sampling period of September 2009-August 2010.The total DP(syn-and anti-DP)concentrations in air ranged from not detected to 277 pg/m^3,with a mean concentration of 53.9 pg/m^3.A generally declining trend of DP levels was found from the E-waste dismantling region to the peripheral areas.The median values of total DP concentrations in autumn,winter,spring and summer were 52.2,28.8,39.7 and 30.1 pg/m^3,respectively.The seasonal variations of DP concentrations were mainly associated with the intensity of E-waste dismantling activities and meteorological conditions.The mean value of anti-DP fractional abundance(f_(anti))was 0.74±0.08,which was consistent with those in the commercial DP products.This study confirmed a significant emission source related to the distribution of atmospheric DP in the E-waste dismantling area and supplied information for the seasonal variation of DP in the atmosphere.

Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Blood Lead and Sex Hormone Levels among Occupationally Exposed Group in An E-waste Dismantling Area

Objective To study the effects of environmental multi-media lead pollution on blood lead and sex hormone levels among lead exposed males engaged in E-waste dismantling, and the correlation between confounding factors and sex hormone levels. Methods An E-waste dismantling area in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province was selected as the research site. One hundred and fifty two samples were collected from the groundwater, soil, rice, corn, chicken, and pork in the dismantling area. The effects of the multi-media lead pollution on the male blood lead and sex hormone levels of FSH, LH, and T, as well as the correlation with confounding factors, were studied. Results The blood lead concentrations in the males aged under 31, from 31 to 45 and from 46 to 60 were 98.55, 100.23, and 101.45 I~/L, respectively. Of all the environmental media lead exposures, the groundwater, rice and soil were main contributing factors to the lead accumulation in humans. FSH and LH levels increased with the age while the T levels decreased with the age instead. There was a significant correlation between the FSH and LH levels and wearing masks. Conclusion There was correlation between the FSH, LH, and T levels, and the mean values of lead concentrations in environmental media, and the sex hormone levels were correlated with the confounding factor of wearing masks.

Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil-Crop System from an E-Waste Dismantling Area

Soil is an essential resource for agricultural production.In order to investigate the pollution situation of heavy metals in the soil-crop system in the e-waste dismantling area,the crop and soil samples(226 pairs,including leaf vegetables,solanaceous vegetables,root vegetables,and fruits)around the e-waste dismantling area in southeastern Zhejiang Province were collected.The concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr were determined.The average concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr in soils were 0.94,107.79,80.28,and 78.14 mg kg-1,respectively,and their corresponding concentrations in crops were 0.024,0.7,0.041,and 0.06 mg kg-1,respectively.The transfer capacity of leaf vegetables was significantly higher than that of non-leaf vegetables,and the accumulation of four heavy metals in crops tended to be Cd>Cu>Cr/Pb.The pollution index’s results revealed that the soil pollution degree under different land uses ranked as root vegetables soil>leaf vegetables soil>solanaceous vegetables soil>fruit soil.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metal exposure were ranked as food intake>accidental ingestion>dermal contact>inhalation.The comprehensive non-carcinogenic risk was ranked as Cr>Cd>Pb/Cu.Our results could be used to provide useful information for further crop cultivation layout in the study area,which can guarantee the local residents’health and food safety.

电子垃圾拆解区不同深度土壤重金属污染特征

以电子垃圾拆解区浙江台州温岭地区为研究对象,分别选择从事电子垃圾拆解时间较短和较长的A和B拆解点以及未从事电子垃圾拆解的C对照点,采集土壤剖面样品,测定不同深度土壤中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb的含量,评价污染状况,分析污染特征及来源。结果表明：重金属在各不同深度土壤中的含量均为电子垃圾拆解点高于对照点,土柱B比土柱A污染严重,在最上层土壤（0~5 cm）已有重金属为中度或重污染。电子垃圾拆解造成了该地区的土壤重金属污染,污染程度与从事拆解时间长短有关,不同深度土壤受污染情况不同。各重金属在土壤中垂直分布特征基本一致,一般为土壤最上层含量最高,含量随土壤深度的增加而减少。

电子垃圾拆解区土壤中多氯联苯的垂直分布

以典型电子垃圾拆解区作为研究区域,采集土芯样品,研究不同深度土壤中多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染状况.研究表明,从事电子垃圾拆解时间较短的采样点A土芯以及从事拆解时间较长的采样点B土芯不同深度土壤中PCBs总含量分别为0.54—45.43 ng·g-1干重和2.16—543.96 ng·g-1干重,两个采样点均受到了不同程度的PCBs污染,B土芯较A土芯污染严重.A和B土芯中PCBs含量由上到下呈下降趋势,表层(0—5cm)最高,5—10 cm层分别减少96.4%和92.6%.A土芯不同深度土壤中PCBs组成有所差异;B土芯各层土壤中PCBs组成较接近,含量较高的PCBs同系物均为5-CBs和6-CBs.相关性分析表明,土芯中1-CBs至9-CBs有相同的污染来源,即电子垃圾拆解,1-CBs至9-CBs随土壤深度向下迁移的能力接近.

电子垃圾拆解区人群甲状腺激素水平改变的Meta分析

目的:评价暴露于电子垃圾拆解区对人体血清甲状腺激素水平的影响。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Elsevier电子期刊、中国知网、万方数据库等中英文数据库,收集国内外发表的评价人体血清甲状腺激素水平与电子垃圾拆解区暴露相关性的随机对照研究,检索时间从建库至2017年4月。应用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入9篇相关研究,样本量包括暴露组489例、对照组489例。结果显示,电子垃圾拆解区人群血清总甲状腺素(T4)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平较对照组低(P<0.05)但游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:暴露于电子垃圾拆解区可能会引起人甲状腺功能的改变。

电子废弃物拆解园区重金属排放特征和周边土壤重金属污染来源解析及风险评价

对某典型电子废弃物拆解园区排放的废气以及周边土壤中的重金属进行监测分析。结果显示,拆解过程中排放的重金属总量由高到低依次为:锡(Sn)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锑(Sb)、锰(Mn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg);从处理工艺来看,几个主要拆解工序均有重金属排放,排放量由高到低依次为:加热烤板、火法冶炼、塑料造粒和湿法冶炼工序。园区周边土壤中的Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb平均质量分数超过珠三角土壤污染风险筛选值。相关性和主成分分析结果表明,Pb、Cu、Cd、Ni、Zn等重金属来源于电子废弃物拆解过程,包括废水排放、大气干湿沉降和固体废弃物随意堆放等途径,Cr可能主要来源于成土母质,Hg有电子废弃物之外的其他来源。土壤生态风险评价结果表明,该区域属于很强生态风险,其中Cd和Hg对生态危害的贡献率达到91.6%。土壤环境容量评价结果表明,该区域仅有As和Cr的土壤现存容量较大,Zn和Ni的土壤现存环境容量较小,已达到警戒值,其余重金属均处于超载状态。该地区土壤重金属污染状况须引起足够重视,应尽快制定管控治理措施。

地铁暗挖车站初支拆除与施工缝防水层保护技术

依托哈尔滨地铁2号线省政府站工程,针对目前地铁暗挖车站临时支护型钢拆除和防水层铺设的不足,开发了"隔一拆二"技术和拱顶施工缝防水层接茬保护技术,解决了高寒地区富水砂层暗挖车站防水技术难题,为今后类似工程提供指导。