Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to ...Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to carbadox.The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC F18.Results Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic.The relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q<0.2 and fold change>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(P<0.05)Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 PI.Conclusions The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is needed.However,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.展开更多
Escherichia coli expressing F4 fimbriae is the major pathogenic bacteria that causes diarrhea in piglets before weaning. The adhesion of E. coli to the brush borders of the epithelial cells of piglets is the precondit...Escherichia coli expressing F4 fimbriae is the major pathogenic bacteria that causes diarrhea in piglets before weaning. The adhesion of E. coli to the brush borders of the epithelial cells of piglets is the precondition leading to diarrhea, which in turn is due to the presence of the F4 receptors determined by an autosomal recessive gene on the brush borders of the epithelial cells. In order to clarify the genetic mechanism of the adhesion, an in vitro adhesion experiment was carded out for three variants of E. coli F4 （ab, ac, and ad） in 366 piglets of three pig breeds [Landrace （LR）, Large White （LW）, and Songliao Black （SB）]. The results showed that there existed significant differences （P〈0.001） in the adhesion percentage among the three breeds. Most SB piglets were nonadhesive for all the three variants, whereas most LR piglets were adhesive. Within each breed except for LR, the proportions of the three F4 variants adhering to the brush borders differed significantly. According to the patterns of the adhesion of the three F4 variants in the three breeds, it is very likely that the three F4 variants F4ab, F4ac, and F4ad have different receptors that are controlled by three different loci.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable ...Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbialbased test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, andthe potential use of microbial variation markers for noninvasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.展开更多
Background: The high doses of zinc oxide(Zn O) administered orally to piglets for the prevention of diarrhea and increase of growth rate can contaminate pig farms and the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a...Background: The high doses of zinc oxide(Zn O) administered orally to piglets for the prevention of diarrhea and increase of growth rate can contaminate pig farms and the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a need to find a replacement of high doses of dietary Zn O with an equally effective alternative. In the present study, the effect of two formulations of zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles(Zn A and Zn C NPs) on growth performance,intestinal microbiota, antioxidant status, and intestinal and liver morphology was evaluated. A total of 100 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 10 equal groups with the base diet(control) or the base diet supplemented with Zn A, Zn C, or Zn O at concentrations 500, 1000, and 2000 mg Zn per kilogram of diet. Supplements were given to animals for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected on day 0, 5, 10 and 20. At the end of the treatment(day 10),three piglets from each group were sacrificed and analyzed.Results: Comparing to that of control, the significantly higher piglet weight gain was observed in all piglet groups fed with Zn A(P < 0.05). Differences in the total aerobic bacteria and coliform counts in piglet feces after NPs supplementation compared to that of control and Zn O groups were also found(P < 0.05). The majority of aerobic culturable bacteria from the feces represented Escherichia(28.57–47.62%), Enterococcus(3.85–35.71%), and Streptococcus(3.70–42.31%) spp. A total of 542 Escherichia coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes STa,STb, Stx2, F4, and F18. The substantial occurrence of E. coli virulence factors was found on day 5, mainly in fimbrillary antigen and thermostable toxins, except for piglets fed by Zn C. Zn treatment decreased Zn blood levels in piglets fed with Zn O and Zn A(500 mg/kg) and increased in Zn C(2000 mg/kg) compared to that of control(P < 0.05). The antioxidant status of piglets was affected only by Zn A. While some changes in the liver and the intestinal morphology of piglets with NPs were observed, none were serious as reflected by the normal health status and increased weigh gain performance.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Zn A NPs have a positive effect on the piglet growth performance even at the lowest concentration. The prevalence of E. coli virulence factors was lowest in pigs supplemented with Zn C.Zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles may be an effective alternative to Zn O.展开更多
基金supported by Pancosma SA,Geneva,Switzerland,Jastro & Shields Graduate Research Awardthe United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA),multistate projects W4002 and NC1202
文摘Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to carbadox.The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC F18.Results Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic.The relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q<0.2 and fold change>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(P<0.05)Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 PI.Conclusions The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is needed.However,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB102104)National Natural Sci-ences Foundation of China (No. 30430500).
文摘Escherichia coli expressing F4 fimbriae is the major pathogenic bacteria that causes diarrhea in piglets before weaning. The adhesion of E. coli to the brush borders of the epithelial cells of piglets is the precondition leading to diarrhea, which in turn is due to the presence of the F4 receptors determined by an autosomal recessive gene on the brush borders of the epithelial cells. In order to clarify the genetic mechanism of the adhesion, an in vitro adhesion experiment was carded out for three variants of E. coli F4 （ab, ac, and ad） in 366 piglets of three pig breeds [Landrace （LR）, Large White （LW）, and Songliao Black （SB）]. The results showed that there existed significant differences （P〈0.001） in the adhesion percentage among the three breeds. Most SB piglets were nonadhesive for all the three variants, whereas most LR piglets were adhesive. Within each breed except for LR, the proportions of the three F4 variants adhering to the brush borders differed significantly. According to the patterns of the adhesion of the three F4 variants in the three breeds, it is very likely that the three F4 variants F4ab, F4ac, and F4ad have different receptors that are controlled by three different loci.
基金Supported by Inserm and UniversitéClermont Auvergne(UMR 1071)INRA(USC-2018)grants from"Conseil regional Auvergne-Rhones-Alpes"and FDER/CPER
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbialbased test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, andthe potential use of microbial variation markers for noninvasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.
基金Financial support from NAZV QK1720349 “Nanoparticles zinc as an alternative to antibiotics in pigs”ERDF “Multidisciplinary research to increase application potential of nanomaterials in agricultural practice”(No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314)+1 种基金also supported by Internal Grant Agency of Mendel University in Brno(AF-IGA2019-TP006)by CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601)。
文摘Background: The high doses of zinc oxide(Zn O) administered orally to piglets for the prevention of diarrhea and increase of growth rate can contaminate pig farms and the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a need to find a replacement of high doses of dietary Zn O with an equally effective alternative. In the present study, the effect of two formulations of zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles(Zn A and Zn C NPs) on growth performance,intestinal microbiota, antioxidant status, and intestinal and liver morphology was evaluated. A total of 100 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 10 equal groups with the base diet(control) or the base diet supplemented with Zn A, Zn C, or Zn O at concentrations 500, 1000, and 2000 mg Zn per kilogram of diet. Supplements were given to animals for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected on day 0, 5, 10 and 20. At the end of the treatment(day 10),three piglets from each group were sacrificed and analyzed.Results: Comparing to that of control, the significantly higher piglet weight gain was observed in all piglet groups fed with Zn A(P < 0.05). Differences in the total aerobic bacteria and coliform counts in piglet feces after NPs supplementation compared to that of control and Zn O groups were also found(P < 0.05). The majority of aerobic culturable bacteria from the feces represented Escherichia(28.57–47.62%), Enterococcus(3.85–35.71%), and Streptococcus(3.70–42.31%) spp. A total of 542 Escherichia coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes STa,STb, Stx2, F4, and F18. The substantial occurrence of E. coli virulence factors was found on day 5, mainly in fimbrillary antigen and thermostable toxins, except for piglets fed by Zn C. Zn treatment decreased Zn blood levels in piglets fed with Zn O and Zn A(500 mg/kg) and increased in Zn C(2000 mg/kg) compared to that of control(P < 0.05). The antioxidant status of piglets was affected only by Zn A. While some changes in the liver and the intestinal morphology of piglets with NPs were observed, none were serious as reflected by the normal health status and increased weigh gain performance.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Zn A NPs have a positive effect on the piglet growth performance even at the lowest concentration. The prevalence of E. coli virulence factors was lowest in pigs supplemented with Zn C.Zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles may be an effective alternative to Zn O.
