The ground-based EAS array is usually operated with a high duty cycle （〉 90%） and a large field of view （- 2sr）, which can continuously monitor the sky. It is essential and irreplaceable to understand the gamma-r...The ground-based EAS array is usually operated with a high duty cycle （〉 90%） and a large field of view （- 2sr）, which can continuously monitor the sky. It is essential and irreplaceable to understand the gamma-ray emission mechanism and intrinsic physics progress of the variable source AGN. The EAS arrays, AS-y experiment （since 1990） and ARGO-YBJ experiment （since 2007）, have continuously monitored the northern sky at energies above 3 TeV and 0.3 TeV, respectively. They have made substantial contributions for long-term monitoring of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. In this paper, we will review the results obtained by the EAS arrays. The next generation of EAS array, LHAASO project, will boost the sensitivity of current EAS array at least up to 30 times with a much wider energy range from 40 GeV to 1 PeV. Beside increasing the number of VHE gamma-ray sources, it will guide us look sight into the properties of jet, and throw light on the determining of the EBL, intergalactic magnetic fields, and the validity of the Lorentz Invariance.展开更多
Extensive Air Showers(EAS)induced by cosmic ray particles of very low energies,owing to the significantly steep cosmic ray energy spectrum,dominate the secondary particle flux measured by single detectors and small sh...Extensive Air Showers(EAS)induced by cosmic ray particles of very low energies,owing to the significantly steep cosmic ray energy spectrum,dominate the secondary particle flux measured by single detectors and small shower arrays.Such arrays connected in extended networks can be used to determine potentially interesting spatial correlations between showers,which may shed new light on the nature of ultra high-energy cosmic rays.The quantitative interpretation of showers recorded by small local arrays requires a methodology that differs from that used by ordinary large EAS arrays operating in the"knee"region and above.We present"small EAS generator,"a semi-analytical method for integrating cosmic ray spectra over energies of interest and summing over the mass spectra of primary nuclei in arbitrary detector configurations.Furthermore,we provide results on the EAS electron and muon fluxes and particle density spectra.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11205165)the Xiejialin Fund of the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y3546140U2)
文摘The ground-based EAS array is usually operated with a high duty cycle （〉 90%） and a large field of view （- 2sr）, which can continuously monitor the sky. It is essential and irreplaceable to understand the gamma-ray emission mechanism and intrinsic physics progress of the variable source AGN. The EAS arrays, AS-y experiment （since 1990） and ARGO-YBJ experiment （since 2007）, have continuously monitored the northern sky at energies above 3 TeV and 0.3 TeV, respectively. They have made substantial contributions for long-term monitoring of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. In this paper, we will review the results obtained by the EAS arrays. The next generation of EAS array, LHAASO project, will boost the sensitivity of current EAS array at least up to 30 times with a much wider energy range from 40 GeV to 1 PeV. Beside increasing the number of VHE gamma-ray sources, it will guide us look sight into the properties of jet, and throw light on the determining of the EBL, intergalactic magnetic fields, and the validity of the Lorentz Invariance.
文摘Extensive Air Showers(EAS)induced by cosmic ray particles of very low energies,owing to the significantly steep cosmic ray energy spectrum,dominate the secondary particle flux measured by single detectors and small shower arrays.Such arrays connected in extended networks can be used to determine potentially interesting spatial correlations between showers,which may shed new light on the nature of ultra high-energy cosmic rays.The quantitative interpretation of showers recorded by small local arrays requires a methodology that differs from that used by ordinary large EAS arrays operating in the"knee"region and above.We present"small EAS generator,"a semi-analytical method for integrating cosmic ray spectra over energies of interest and summing over the mass spectra of primary nuclei in arbitrary detector configurations.Furthermore,we provide results on the EAS electron and muon fluxes and particle density spectra.
