At the global level, the augmenting presence of harmful algae blooms constitutes important dares to water treatment plants (WTPs). In WTPs, coagulation remains the primary process of the applied procedure to treat alg...At the global level, the augmenting presence of harmful algae blooms constitutes important dares to water treatment plants (WTPs). In WTPs, coagulation remains the primary process of the applied procedure to treat algae-contaminated water. Such a chemical process influences the following techniques;thus, regulating coagulation parameters to eliminate algae at the maximum degree without provoking cell deterioration is more than crucial. This work aims to review coagulation-founded methods for algae elimination. First, investigations concentrating on algae elimination using the chemical process are discussed. The introduction presents the widespread algae encountered in the water treatment field. Then, habitually utilized experimental techniques and emerging methods in coagulation investigations are summarized with typical findings. Next, the newest expansions in improved algae elimination, launched by electrochemically and ultrasonically-enhanced coagulation, are discussed. Workable thoughts for applying coagulation to eliminate algae in WTPs are also debated. The paper finishes by defining restrictions and dares related to the present literature and suggesting trends for subsequent studies. The charge neutralization mechanism efficiently removes solubilized microcystins (MCs), and enhanced coagulation configuration is also found to be more efficient for their removal. However, considerations should be taken to avert that the acid introduction has no unwanted effect in killing algae treatment to avoid the solubilized MCs level elevation. If such techniques are well-optimized and controlled, both algae and solubilized MCs could be efficaciously removed by ultrasound-enhanced coagulation and electrocoagulation/electrooxidation.展开更多
目的通过收集癌相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)的条件培养基,探索CAFs促进EC9706细胞能量代谢的分子机制。方法通过MTT检测细胞活性,以DMEM高糖培养基培养的EC9706作为对照,筛选最适合间接共培养的CAFs条件培养基(CAFM);比色法检测EC9706细胞上...目的通过收集癌相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)的条件培养基,探索CAFs促进EC9706细胞能量代谢的分子机制。方法通过MTT检测细胞活性,以DMEM高糖培养基培养的EC9706作为对照,筛选最适合间接共培养的CAFs条件培养基(CAFM);比色法检测EC9706细胞上清中乳酸及葡萄糖含量;Seahorse系统能量代谢分析系统检测EC9706细胞在DMEM与CAFM中能量代谢情况;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测能量代谢相关分子mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果细胞融合度为50%-60%、70%-80%的CAFs条件培养基(CAFM)组与正常食管成纤维细胞条件培养基(NFM)相比,均有促进EC9706细胞增殖的作用(P<0.01),且在细胞融合度达70%-80%的CAFM各组中,与对照组相比,CAFM含量为60%时,对EC9706细胞的增殖作用显著升高(P<0.01)。与DMEM相比,CAFM可以上调EC9706细胞葡萄糖摄取、上清乳酸含量、基础呼吸值、基础糖酵解、补偿糖酵解(P<0.05),非线粒体耗氧、最大呼吸值、合成ATP耗氧量、备用呼吸能力(P<0.01)。RT-qPCR结果显示,CAFM还可上调EC9706细胞的低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、己糖激酶2(HK2)、单羧酸转运蛋白1(MCT1)(P<0.05),葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、丙酮酸激酶2(PKM2)(P<0.01)mRNA的表达。蛋白免疫印迹法结果显示,与DMEM相比,HK2、PKM2、MCT1、GLUT1的蛋白表达均显著提高(P<0.01)。结论CAFM能够通过促进EC9706细胞HK2、PKM2、HK2、GLUT1、MCT1、MCT4的mRNA和蛋白的表达,促进EC9706细胞的能量代谢。展开更多
基于福建省冬半年沿海和港湾岛屿自动站的逐时极大风观测资料和WRF（Weather Research and Forecast）、EC（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）细网格以及T639（TL639L60）三种模式预报的10 m风场资料，将模式预报...基于福建省冬半年沿海和港湾岛屿自动站的逐时极大风观测资料和WRF（Weather Research and Forecast）、EC（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）细网格以及T639（TL639L60）三种模式预报的10 m风场资料，将模式预报的风向风速与观测资料进行对比检验，结果表明：福建省沿海冬半年大风的盛行风向以东北风为主，大风的时空分布极为不均，沿海风力的脉动性、跳跃性、局地性突出。从三种模式对风速风向的模拟效果来看， WRF和EC细网格的预报效果较好，有可参考性， T639可参考性不高。对于风速，模式预报结果相比实况极大风速偏小，港湾岛屿代表站风速的平均绝对误差均小于沿海代表站，预报平均误差由沿海向内陆逐渐减小，由中部向南北逐渐减小。风向相比风速的预报效果要差， WRF和EC细网格的风向预报误差在45°-50°，有一定的参考意义；港湾岛屿代表站风向的平均绝对误差大于沿海代表站，以浮标站的误差最大。当观测风速出现7级及以上风速时，若对大风进行分级检验，则较低风速的预报平均绝对误差小于较高风速；风向预报的平均绝对误差也大大降低，且误差都在45°以内，具有良好的参考性。展开更多
文摘At the global level, the augmenting presence of harmful algae blooms constitutes important dares to water treatment plants (WTPs). In WTPs, coagulation remains the primary process of the applied procedure to treat algae-contaminated water. Such a chemical process influences the following techniques;thus, regulating coagulation parameters to eliminate algae at the maximum degree without provoking cell deterioration is more than crucial. This work aims to review coagulation-founded methods for algae elimination. First, investigations concentrating on algae elimination using the chemical process are discussed. The introduction presents the widespread algae encountered in the water treatment field. Then, habitually utilized experimental techniques and emerging methods in coagulation investigations are summarized with typical findings. Next, the newest expansions in improved algae elimination, launched by electrochemically and ultrasonically-enhanced coagulation, are discussed. Workable thoughts for applying coagulation to eliminate algae in WTPs are also debated. The paper finishes by defining restrictions and dares related to the present literature and suggesting trends for subsequent studies. The charge neutralization mechanism efficiently removes solubilized microcystins (MCs), and enhanced coagulation configuration is also found to be more efficient for their removal. However, considerations should be taken to avert that the acid introduction has no unwanted effect in killing algae treatment to avoid the solubilized MCs level elevation. If such techniques are well-optimized and controlled, both algae and solubilized MCs could be efficaciously removed by ultrasound-enhanced coagulation and electrocoagulation/electrooxidation.
文摘目的通过收集癌相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)的条件培养基,探索CAFs促进EC9706细胞能量代谢的分子机制。方法通过MTT检测细胞活性,以DMEM高糖培养基培养的EC9706作为对照,筛选最适合间接共培养的CAFs条件培养基(CAFM);比色法检测EC9706细胞上清中乳酸及葡萄糖含量;Seahorse系统能量代谢分析系统检测EC9706细胞在DMEM与CAFM中能量代谢情况;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测能量代谢相关分子mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果细胞融合度为50%-60%、70%-80%的CAFs条件培养基(CAFM)组与正常食管成纤维细胞条件培养基(NFM)相比,均有促进EC9706细胞增殖的作用(P<0.01),且在细胞融合度达70%-80%的CAFM各组中,与对照组相比,CAFM含量为60%时,对EC9706细胞的增殖作用显著升高(P<0.01)。与DMEM相比,CAFM可以上调EC9706细胞葡萄糖摄取、上清乳酸含量、基础呼吸值、基础糖酵解、补偿糖酵解(P<0.05),非线粒体耗氧、最大呼吸值、合成ATP耗氧量、备用呼吸能力(P<0.01)。RT-qPCR结果显示,CAFM还可上调EC9706细胞的低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、己糖激酶2(HK2)、单羧酸转运蛋白1(MCT1)(P<0.05),葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、丙酮酸激酶2(PKM2)(P<0.01)mRNA的表达。蛋白免疫印迹法结果显示,与DMEM相比,HK2、PKM2、MCT1、GLUT1的蛋白表达均显著提高(P<0.01)。结论CAFM能够通过促进EC9706细胞HK2、PKM2、HK2、GLUT1、MCT1、MCT4的mRNA和蛋白的表达,促进EC9706细胞的能量代谢。
文摘基于福建省冬半年沿海和港湾岛屿自动站的逐时极大风观测资料和WRF（Weather Research and Forecast）、EC（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts）细网格以及T639（TL639L60）三种模式预报的10 m风场资料，将模式预报的风向风速与观测资料进行对比检验，结果表明：福建省沿海冬半年大风的盛行风向以东北风为主，大风的时空分布极为不均，沿海风力的脉动性、跳跃性、局地性突出。从三种模式对风速风向的模拟效果来看， WRF和EC细网格的预报效果较好，有可参考性， T639可参考性不高。对于风速，模式预报结果相比实况极大风速偏小，港湾岛屿代表站风速的平均绝对误差均小于沿海代表站，预报平均误差由沿海向内陆逐渐减小，由中部向南北逐渐减小。风向相比风速的预报效果要差， WRF和EC细网格的风向预报误差在45°-50°，有一定的参考意义；港湾岛屿代表站风向的平均绝对误差大于沿海代表站，以浮标站的误差最大。当观测风速出现7级及以上风速时，若对大风进行分级检验，则较低风速的预报平均绝对误差小于较高风速；风向预报的平均绝对误差也大大降低，且误差都在45°以内，具有良好的参考性。
