ECAP工艺细化铁基形状记忆合金研究

研究等通道转角挤压(equal channel angular pressing,简称ECAP)技术细化Fe基形状记忆合金。研究结果发现,300℃下Fe-17.8Mn-4.73Si-7.80Cr-4.12Ni(wt%)第一道次挤压力为78 kN,与理论计算值70.6 kN接近;第二道次挤压力上升明显,达到240 kN。金相观察显示挤压后的合金晶粒沿剪切方向拉长,TEM分析显示700℃退火30 min后再结晶形成0.3μm左右细小晶粒,与未挤压试样相比晶粒明显细化。ECAP挤压极大的提高了材料的力学性能,屈服强度由未挤压时220 MPa提高到挤压后的890 MPa;挤压后退火的合金恢复率略有提高,在预变形ε=6.5%时,获得η=74%的形状恢复率。

等径角挤压对Fe-18.39Mn合金组织和阻尼性能的影响

采用等径角挤压(ECAP)工艺改变Fe-18.39Mn合金的ε马氏体片形态,进而研究其对合金阻尼性能的影响。在微机控制电液伺服万能实验机上利用自制模具进行ECAP实验,采用倒扭摆测试合金阻尼性能,扫描电子显微镜观察微观组织。结果表明:Fe-18.39Mn合金在300℃进行ECAP后,由于高密度位错的钉扎,阻尼性能丧失;经过600℃退火,没有改变其ECAP后的组织,阻尼性能仍然很低;而在高于700℃的温度退火处理能大量消除高密度位错,并在一定程度上改变ε马氏体片的形态,使ε马氏体片细化,交叉程度降低,进而阻尼性能较未ECAP时得到提高。

新型等径角挤压工艺下的5052铝合金变形行为的有限元模拟

目的采用新型复合大塑性变形技术正挤压-等径角挤压工艺(FE-ECAP),研究5052铝合金在室温条件下的变形行为。方法基于有限元分析软件DEFORM-3D,在FE-ECAP工艺下对5052铝合金进行有限元模拟,研究变形过程中挤压载荷、等效应变、金属流动速度等场量的分布规律。结果 5052铝合金在FE-ECAP变形过程中,挤压载荷曲线呈双峰形态分布,在挤压模口附近达到第一次峰值,第二次出现在转角处,挤压载荷值为347 k N,同时也是整个挤压过程的最大值;经过FE-ECAP变形后,等效应变大量累积,使得主要变形区达到了高度均匀的变形状态;坯料外转角处金属的流动速度值大于内转角处的流动速度值。结论根据以上结果分析,在FE-ECAP工艺下,为使变形坯料性能优越,应尽量提高坯料变形的均匀性。

Annealing and strain rate effects on the mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained iron produced by SPD

Thermal stability and strain rate sensitivity of ultrafine-grained(UFG)Fe produced by severe plastic deformation(SPD)were investigated.The UFG Fe was processed by equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP)via route Bc.After 6 passes,the grain size of UFG Fe reaches 600 nm, as confirmed by means of electron back scatter diffraction(EBSD).Examination of micro-hardness and grain size of UFG Fe as a function of post-ECAP annealing temperature shows a transition from recovery to recrystallization.The critical transition temperature is approximately 500℃,and the material has a bimodal structure after annealing at this temperature.Deformation behaviors of ECAP Fe and ECAP + annealing Fe were studied under both quasi-static and dynamic compressive loadings.The UFG iron shows increased strength and reduced strain rate sensitivity compared with its coarse-grained counterparts.The appropriate post-ECAP annealing can increase strain hardening ability and cancel out thermal softening effect with only a small loss of strength under dynamic loading.

铝粉等通道挤压-正向挤压固结模拟及模具优化设计

等通道挤压-正向挤压(ECAP-FE)工艺可作为金属粉末固结的新工艺。针对纯铝粉末,采用Deform软件对ECAP-FE工艺进行热力耦合有限元模拟分析,剖析铝粉的固结行为。结果显示,ECAP-FE工艺对粉末多孔体具有强烈的致密效果,不同的模具参数对挤压变形的挤压成形力和等效应变均匀性存在不同程度的影响。研究结果表明,挤压比对挤压成形力影响显著,而模具模面角对等效应变均匀性影响较大。分析可得,当采用模具模面角为45°、过渡距离为20 mm、挤压比为6.25的模具结构参数进行组合挤压时,既可以降低挤压成形力,又能提高等效应变均匀性。通过研究分析为模具的设计和铝粉致密化提供了理论依据。

Temperature-Dependent Compressive Deformation Behavior of Commercially Pure Iron Processed by ECAP

To explore the temperature dependence of deformation behavior of BCC structural materials and the relevant effect of pre-annealing, commercially pure iron （CP Fe） produced by equal-channel angular pressing （ECAP） is selected as the experimental material. The influences of deformation temperature T and pre-annealing on deformation behavior, surface deformation characteristics and substructures of ECAP Fe were systematically studied. The results show that ECAP Fe undergoes a remarkable strain softening stage after a rapid strain hardening during uniaxial compression, and the softening degree and the yield strength avs first decrease and then increase with raising temperature. Pre-annealing at 400 ℃ effectively weakens the strain softening degree and increases trys. To understand the influence of deformation temperature on deformation behavior, as well as the relevant pre-annealing effect, deformation and damage characteristics and dislocation structures are studied in detail. In a word, the strain softening of ECAP Fe is associated not only with internal structural instability, but also with temperature, and pre-annealing at 400 ℃ improves high-temperature me- chanical properties of ECAP Fe.

ECAP对Al-3Fe-0.3Sc合金组织性能的影响规律

在自制的等通道转角挤压(ECAP)模具中按Bc路径对Al-3Fe-0.3Sc合金方形棒料进行了不同道次的挤压变形,分析了挤压道次对合金微观组织、力学性能和电导率的影响规律。研究发现:ECAP变形后合金晶粒发生明显细化,晶粒呈现特定取向,长杆状铝铁相在剧烈的剪切变形条件下发生明显的破碎。合金经第1道次ECAP变形后抗拉强度由原始铸态的105 MPa升高至121 MPa,伸长率由5.7%大幅提升至25.7%,第2道次后抗拉强度和伸长率上升不明显。第1道次ECAP变形后合金的硬度由38.7 HV上升至53.5 HV,第4道次后上升至60.4 HV。电导率由铸态的42.9%IACS上升至第1道次的46.4%IACS,后续继续增加挤压道次,电导率基本保持不变。强度和电导率的提升主要是由于晶粒得到细化,发生的动态回复有利于变形过程中产生的高密度位错向亚晶界转变,减少了晶体中的空位缺陷。研究结果为铝铁合金的性能优化及实际应用提供了参考。