Euler’s First-Order Explicit Method–Peridynamic Differential Operator for Solving Population Balance Equations of the Crystallization Process

Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridynamic differential operator(EE–PDDO)was obtained for solving the one-dimensional population balance equation in crystallization.Four different conditions during crystallization were studied:size-independent growth,sizedependent growth in a batch process,nucleation and size-independent growth,and nucleation and size-dependent growth in a continuous process.The high accuracy of the EE–PDDO method was confirmed by comparing it with the numerical results obtained using the second-order upwind and HR-van methods.The method is characterized by non-oscillation and high accuracy,especially in the discontinuous and sharp crystal size distribution.The stability of the EE–PDDO method,choice of weight function in the PDDO method,and optimal time step are also discussed.

Explicitation Employed in the Translation of Food Culture—Based on the Research of Fujian Cuisine

Fujian cuisine is a distinctive Chinese cuisine.Today,there are many faults and mistakes in the translation of the dish names,which leads to the failure and inconvenience of cross-cultural communication.The paper is an attempt to probe into the appropriate translation of Fujian dish names by the employment of explicitation.

An efficient method for train-track-substructure dynamic interaction analysis by implicit-explicit integration and multi-time-step solution

In this work,a method is put forward to obtain the dynamic solution efficiently and accurately for a large-scale train-track-substructure(TTS)system.It is called implicit-explicit integration and multi-time-step solution method(abbreviated as mI-nE-MTS method).The TTS system is divided into train-track subsystem and substruc-ture subsystem.Considering that the root cause of low effi-ciency of obtaining TTS solution lies in solving the alge-braic equation of the substructures,the high-efficient Zhai method,an explicit integration scheme,can be introduced to avoid matrix inversion process.The train-track system is solved by implicitly Park method.Moreover,it is known that the requirement of time step size differs for different sub-systems,integration methods and structural frequency response characteristics.A multi-time-step solution is pro-posed,in which time step size for the train-track subsystem and the substructure subsystem can be arbitrarily chosen once satisfying stability and precision demand,namely the time spent for m implicit integral steps is equal to n explicit integral steps,i.e.,mI=nE as mentioned above.The numeri-cal examples show the accuracy,efficiency,and engineering practicality of the proposed method.

An ECN-based Optimal Flow Control Algorithm for the Internet

According to the Wide Area Network model, we formulate Internet flow control as a constrained convex programming problem, where the objective is to maximize the total utility of all sources over their transmission rates. Based on this formulation, flow control can be converted to a normal unconstrained optimization problem through the barrier function method, so that it can be solved by means of a gradient projection algorithm with properly rate iterations. We prove that the algorithm converges to the global optimal point, which is also a stable proportional fair rate allocation point, provided that the step size is properly chosen. The main difficulty facing the realization of iteration algorithm is the distributed computation of congestion measure. Fortunately, Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is likely to be used to improve the performance of TCP in the near future. By using ECN, it is possible to realize the iteration algorithm in IP networks. Our algorithm is divided into two parts, algorithms in the router and in the source. The router marks the ECN bit with a probability that varies as its buffer occupancy varies, so that the congestion measure of links can be communicated to the source when the marked ECN bits are reflected back from its destination. Source rates are then updated by all sessions according to the received congestion measure. The main advantage of our scheme is its fast convergence ability and robustness; it can also provide the network with zero packet loss by properly choosing the queue threshold and provide differentiated service to users by applying different utility functions.

Explicit K-symplectic methods for nonseparable non-canonical Hamiltonian systems

We propose efficient numerical methods for nonseparable non-canonical Hamiltonian systems which are explicit,K-symplectic in the extended phase space with long time energy conservation properties. They are based on extending the original phase space to several copies of the phase space and imposing a mechanical restraint on the copies of the phase space. Explicit K-symplectic methods are constructed for two non-canonical Hamiltonian systems. Numerical tests show that the proposed methods exhibit good numerical performance in preserving the phase orbit and the energy of the system over long time, whereas higher order Runge–Kutta methods do not preserve these properties. Numerical tests also show that the K-symplectic methods exhibit better efficiency than that of the same order implicit symplectic, explicit and implicit symplectic methods for the original nonseparable non-canonical systems. On the other hand, the fourth order K-symplectic method is more efficient than the fourth order Yoshida’s method, the optimized partitioned Runge–Kutta and Runge–Kutta–Nystr ¨om explicit K-symplectic methods for the extended phase space Hamiltonians, but less efficient than the the optimized partitioned Runge–Kutta and Runge–Kutta–Nystr ¨om extended phase space symplectic-like methods with the midpoint permutation.

The Effectiveness of Explicit Vocabulary Instruction on Productive Vocabulary Learning in Writing Among Intermediate School Learners in Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of explicit vocabulary instruction on productive vocabulary learning in writing among intermediate school learners in Saudi Arabia,verify the existence of any statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the post-test of the control group and the experimental group in the vocabulary test,and verify the existence of any statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the pre-and post-test of the experimental group in the vocabulary test in favor of the post-test.The study community consisted of all intermediate school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,while the study sample included 30 students.The experimental method was adopted to identify the effectiveness of explicit vocabulary instruction on productive vocabulary learning in writing and the achievement test was used as the study tool.The study reached many results including there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the post-test of the control group and the experimental group in the vocabulary test and there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.01 between the mean scores of the pre-and post-test of the experimental group in the vocabulary test in favor of the post-test.According to these results,some recommendations and proposals were made including training English teachers at the intermediate school level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,on explicit vocabulary instruction and conducting future researches on the trends of English teachers at the intermediate school level,in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,regarding the adoption of explicit vocabulary instruction while teaching the English language.

“三全育人”理念下大学生职业素养指标体系的构建

基于“三全育人”理念,以大学生隐性职业素养开发来补充和完善传统的显性职业素养开发的理念,衡量分析目前高校的职业素养开发状况,以全员、全过程、全方位的理念探讨大学生职业素养指标体系的构建,根据目前高校的职业素养教育以及企业管理实践,明确大学生显性职业素养指标和隐性职业素养指标,并突出职业政治素质教育,把思想价值引领贯穿大学生就业教育全过程和各环节,争取能够实现就业思政,培养综合性人才的教育目标。

《文心雕龙》英译的外显化策略分析

本文基于自建汉英平行语料库,对《文心雕龙》宇文所安译本和施友忠译本的外显化特征进行定量和定性相结合的研究。通过提取威氏拼音和词汇、句法层面的参数发现:两个英译本总体呈现外显化特征,主要体现在译文的语言及诗学形式、词句意义和文化语境等方面,背后的非文本原因可归于翻译意图、文化立场和意识形态等因素。两位译者的外显化翻译使译文指涉更加明确,语境更加清晰,意义更易理解,原著的文论思想、美学精神和文化内涵得到充分阐释。外显化翻译在信息补偿、话语建构和文论互动方面具有一定价值,表明其作为中国古代文论的指导性翻译策略具有可能性和可行性。

基于偏航机动的常推力定点着陆制导方法

实现定点着陆终端位置速度六分量控制通常需要发动机推力可调。提出了一种通过偏航机动实现固定推力下的定点着陆制导方法。该方法通过偏转航向角,调节发动机输出在下降轨迹平面内的分量,从而实现航程控制;为了消除推力方向偏转产生的横向位置、速度偏差,设计了偏转角符号调整策略,使得着陆器在水平面内呈“之”字形运动,以一定推进剂为代价,最终保证了下降着陆终端位置、速度的全部可控。仿真表明,所提方法简单有效,易于工程实施。

智能汽车轨迹跟踪多目标显式模型预测控制

针对现有智能汽车轨迹跟踪控制算法难以同时保证跟踪精确性、横向稳定性、舒适性以及控制实时性的问题,提出了一种基于多目标优化和显式模型预测控制理论的轨迹跟踪控制策略(MO-EMPC)。首先,建立考虑跟踪精确性、横向稳定性、舒适性的多目标函数及约束。然后,针对传统MPC控制实时性低的问题,设计基于EMPC的多目标优化轨迹跟踪控制器,通过引入多参数二次规划(MPQP)理论,将反复在线优化求解过程转化为等价的分段仿射系统(PPWA),离线计算得到最优显式控制律以供实时控制调用,减少在线运算时间。最后,基于CarSim/Simlink联合仿真方法,将所设计控制器的轨迹跟踪多目标优化效果与MPC控制效果进行对比验证。研究结果表明,所提出的轨迹跟踪策略在保证良好的跟踪精度前提下,横向稳定性、舒适性方面的表现更优于MPC控制器,且算法在线运行速度提高56.63%。

新一代Wi-Fi的新型感知信息压缩方法

通信设备由于和雷达设备的工作存在重叠,也可以实现目标检测。但是传统的通信协议采用显式反馈传输信息,导致采用通信设备检测无法保留感知信息,因此可以对显式反馈的分解流程进行改进,从而在通信的间隙实现对环境目标的感知。在MIMO系统中,波束成型是发射端利用MIMO信道状态信息生成导向矩阵,从而提升接收端接收性能的一种技术。目前显式反馈波束成型是通信中波束成型的主流方式,接收端会对接收到的信道矩阵进行奇异值分解后转换成一系列角度值传回发射端。虽然采用传统的矩阵分解流程获得反馈矩阵可以有效降低反馈的冗余信息量,但是通常会丢失掉通信设备在感知过程中获得的大部分重要信息,从而导致利用Wi-Fi信号进行目标探测的功能受到限制。研究发现对于接收到的信道矩阵利用传统的分解方式获得的反馈矩阵特征向量无法保留目标的距离,速度信息。本文提出了一种新型的分解方式,基于信道矩阵的协方差矩阵,先求解左奇异矩阵,再利用左右两个酉矩阵正交向量的对应关系,进一步求解从而获得改进的右奇异矩阵,所提改进方法保留了目标的距离、速度以及角度信息,极大地提升了有效反馈信息量。最后通过仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

扣件刚度非线性对波磨区轮轨瞬态滚动接触行为的影响

WJ-8型扣件橡胶垫板刚度在长期服役过程中表现出非线性特征,静刚度随荷载增加而降低,为提高三维瞬态滚动接触有限元模型计算精确性,本文以LMA踏面车轮及CHN60型钢轨为基础,基于显式积分算法,将以往研究中线弹性扣件转化为非线性扣件,建立考虑扣件刚度非线性特征的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,研究刚度非线性对车轮与钢轨波磨间高频动态响应及瞬态接触行为的影响,并重点分析了波磨工况下时频域内轮轨接触力、轴箱加速度的变化信息.结果表明:扣件非线性对轮轨接触力变化影响明显,主要表现为车轮行驶至扣件前端时强振动导致橡胶垫板表现为柔软特性使轮轨接触力减小,车轮行驶至扣件上方时在轴重作用下振动减弱表现为刚硬特性使轮轨接触力增大,轮轨力变化差异最大达到13.1%.

物理师范生核心素养培养的研究与实践

核心素养培养是基础物理教育的热点问题。在物理师范专业开展核心素养培养有助于落实“以学生发展为中心”的教育教学理念,促进师范生对物理学科特点的理解和教学素养的感悟。为此,必须显性地开展核心素养培养,把核心素养既作为教学理念也作为教学内容;引导学生学会反思与讨论;把核心素养纳入考核内容。同时,要为核心素养培养提供保障。

单步无条件稳定显式结构动力学算法

在结构动力学分析中,数值积分方法通常被用来高效和准确地求解复杂结构系统在动态负载下的响应。基于量纲分析的原理,提出一种求解结构动力学问题的单步无条件稳定显式算法。首先对所构造的关于位移和速度的函数关系式进行无量纲化处理,然后通过算法精度要求、无条件稳定条件和数值阻尼可控条件确定了其最终递推格式,并根据算法最终递推格式分析得出算法耗散与弥散特性、超调和自启动特性和多自由度系统计算步骤,最后通过数值算例验证了算法的收敛精度、可控数值阻尼和计算效率优势。研究结果表明:对于线性和非线性系统,该算法都兼具显式算法的非迭代特性和隐式算法的无条件稳定特性;该算法能实现真正意义上的自启动并且在速度和位移上均无超调;该算法的数值阻尼由单自由参数控制,数值耗散和弥散对系统低模态响应的影响可以忽略不计,与具有代表性的非迭代显式算法KR-α法相比,该算法在引入数值阻尼滤除虚假高频模态的同时更真实地保留了低阶振型的贡献,从而表现出更好的计算精度;该算法在求解非线性结构动力学问题时相较于常用隐式算法有着显著的计算效率优势,并略优于两求解器非迭代显式算法KR-α法。研究结果很有希望成为求解非线性结构动力学问题的最新且更加有效的显式算法。

智慧交通视域下乘用车系统集成化设计研究

目的为完善“智慧交通”系统下乘用车设计思维模型,提升传统设计思维方法的客观性和可操作性研究,建立人车共存创新机制。方法研究以“智慧交通”体系为基准,以“聚”系统视角为核心,将天、地、人、车等相关因素集成融合并借鉴交叉学科,制定“智慧交通”集成化系统设计创新发展范式及未来智能汽车可成长式设计质量应用方案。结果提出“智慧交通”集成化系统创新关联性即:显性关联、隐性关联、人机协同创新关联。结论伴随着相关影响因素样本的不断完善及探测通道的持久深入,智能汽车系统集成化创新质量管理研究可有效提升智能汽车持续性探索机制,也为相关专业理论集成及系统优化提供参考。

一种结构不确定分析的改进多维平行六面体模型

多维平行六面体模型是一种能够同时考虑相关变量和独立变量的非概率凸集模型,更适用于工程结构中常见的多源不确定性问题。为更加有效合理地度量结构不确定性,提出一种改进多维平行六面体模型。通过定义区间变量的相关角和边缘区间,给出模型不确定域的显式表达式,进而给出依据实验样本点构建多维平行六面体模型的方法。3个算例分析结果表明,改进多维平行六面体模型能够较好地反映区间变量之间的相关性,是一种比传统多维平行六面体模型更为紧凑合理的模型。

长持时爆炸冲击波作用下钢梁动力响应分析

大规模爆炸时引起的长持时平面爆炸波会造成结构的整体破坏,与接触爆炸或近场爆炸的破坏模式有显著差异,但相关研究不多。为研究长持时冲击波作用下钢梁的动力响应,首先基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立了大型数值激波管模型,然后采用该数值激波管得到作用在钢梁上的反射超压时程,最后通过显式动力学方法研究了冲击波入射方向、持时、超压等参数对钢梁破坏模式的影响规律。结果表明:本文提出的数值激波管模型能较好地模拟长持时爆炸波的绕射现象,可得到可靠的反射超压和冲量时程;随着冲击波入射角度的增加,简支钢梁跨中位移增大;冲击波超压峰值相同时,随着持时的增加,简支梁跨中的最大位移有增大的趋势,最大位移的增长速率则会变缓;简支钢梁在长持时爆炸冲击波作用下容易发生受弯破坏,梁跨中翼缘板会出现局部屈曲现象。

认知群体感知工具对在线协作学习知识建构水平的影响研究

认知群体感知工具是协作学习者感知群体认知信息、提升学习效果的重要技术支撑。不同信息复杂程度的认知群体感知工具对在线协作学习中学习者的知识建构水平影响程度如何尚需进一步探索。文章从认知信息复杂度出发,设计了实时的显性/隐性认知群体感知工具,并通过对比实验,利用统计分析、卡方检验、认知网络分析,分析两种认知群体感知工具对在线协作学习知识建构水平的影响程度。研究结果表明:两种认知群体感知工具有助于在线协作学习中高水平知识建构行为的发生。显性/隐性认知群体感知工具支持下的学习者知识建构行为特征及知识建构模式存在差异性。其中,显性认知群体感知工具能促进协商型对话和升华型对话;隐性认知群体感知工具则更能促进协商型对话的生成。研究结论有助于教师调整教学策略,引导学习者完成协作任务并提升知识构建水平。

组织支持对专利密集型企业研发人员创新绩效的影响——以知识贡献为中介

基于社会交换理论,以46家专利密集型企业的150名专利研发人员为调研对象,并采用研发人员参与研发的专利数量作为创新绩效的衡量指标,探讨组织支持与研发人员创新绩效之间的关系以及知识贡献(显性知识贡献和隐性知识贡献)的中介作用和成长需求强度的调节作用。结果表明:组织支持与研发人员绩效呈正相关,研发人员的创新绩效可以从更高水平的隐性知识贡献中受益,组织支持对隐性知识贡献的积极效应部分由成长需求强度来调节。由此提出企业应该通过制定相关民主政策等方法来塑造高水平的组织支持、注重组织内部评估体系以增强员工贡献的意识等相关建议。

渗透各向异性土层中考虑挡墙厚度的基坑稳态渗流解析解

本文对考虑厚度挡墙支护下渗透各向异性土层中基坑的二维稳态渗流进行了解析研究。根据对称性取基坑半截面,将周围土层划分为5个规则区域,采用坐标变换将渗透各向异性土层转换成等效各向同性土层,对各区域利用叠加法和分离变量法推导得到二维稳态渗流场、挡墙上水压力以及坑底出逸比降的显式解析解。对比保角变换和积分变换方法,本文解渗流场计算结果连续且无奇异点,且基坑水头和挡墙两侧水压力分布情况与数值软件分析一致性较好,说明本文解析解的正确性和优越性。本文解与不同计算方法得到的挡墙水压力结果对比分析发现,挡墙厚度d、竖直与水平向渗透系数比α对挡墙上水压力的影响不可忽略。分析α、d对挡墙底部水压力及出逸比降的影响,随着α和d的增大,基坑外侧挡墙底部水压力增大,基坑内侧挡墙底部水压力减小;随着α和d的逐渐减小,坑底出逸比降不断增大;当α和d较小时,考虑一维渗流情况得到的出逸比降安全性较低,且随着α和d的减小与本文解析解差距越来越大。