The Interventional Capacity of Community Health Volunteers for Screening and Linkages of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 63% of mortalities. Approximately 80% of these NCD-related deaths occur in LMICs. A quasi-experimental study utilizing a non-equivalent pre-and post-test was conducted from May 2022 to March 2023 with 370 study participants. Multistage cluster and random sampling were used to select ten community units, and therefore, 150 CHVs were chosen for the control unit, and 150 were used to form the interventional group. Data was collected from the KOBO app. Six (6) homogenous FGDs comprised ten members, and 10 KII were conducted across study sites. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 28.0, and qualitative data was audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via N-Vivo 12. The study shows that 59.3% of respondents have minimal information, and 92.7% (n = 139) have no clear understanding of NCDs, with a pre-intervention capacity of 48.8%. Independent sample t-test showed a significant difference in capacity from a pre-intervention average of 48.75 (SD ± 5.7)%, which increased to 68.28 (SD ± 7.6)%, p < 0.001. A well-designed community interventional model plays a pivotal role in grassroots healthcare delivery but requires optimization for NCD management.

Chronic Hepatitis B in Indian Americans: Lack of Screening and Poor Linkage to Care

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the United States (US) and globally. CHB disproportionately affects Asian Americans and many other immigrant minority populations, primarily owing to the high prevalence of CHB in their countries of origin. India is a country with a medium-to-high prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) (>2%) and has over 40 million people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), with more than 115,000 deaths annually from HBV-related complications. Indian Americans are one of the largest immigrant populations in the US but remain underdiagnosed and poorly linked to clinical care. We, therefore, assessed the HBV prevalence and evaluated the linkage-to-care (LTC) among Indian Americans to develop strategic plans to reduce the impact of HBV in the US. Methods: Between April 2022 and January 2024, serologic screening and surveys were provided to 328 Indian American adults (age 20 - 80) in New York City. All participants were tested for a triple panel consisting of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core IgG antibody (anti-HBc). A survey was conducted on the subjects chronically infected with HBV regarding their histories of infection. Self-administered questionnaires were employed to evaluate demographic and epidemiologic characteristics. Results: Of 328 screened and evaluated (246 males and 82 females), 10 (3.0%) were HBV-infected, 222 (67.7%) were susceptible to HBV, and 96 (29.3%) were immune. The prevalence of chronic HBV varied between the age groups: 4.6% (age 20 - 40), 3.4% (age 41 - 60), and 1.7% (age 61 - 80). Of 10 chronically infected, only two subjects had been previously diagnosed but were not engaged in care. Conclusion: HBV disproportionately affects Asian Americans, primarily owing to immigration from parts of the world where the disease is endemic. Indian Americans belong to an intermediate-risk group, with an HBV prevalence of >2%, but remain underdiagnosed and poorly linked to care. Our pilot study on Indian American populations, the first of its kind, demonstrates a 3% prevalence of CHB, none of whom are linked to care. In addition, this population has a high percentage of unimmune subjects, creating a large reservoir for future infection. With the growing population of Indian Americans, our findings can be used to develop community-based strategies for HBV screenings and LTC that target high-risk groups.

基于MSPA-Linkage Mapper的福州滨海长乐区生态网络构建与优化

构建生态网络是改善城市生态环境和维持生态服务功能的重要举措。以福州市长乐区为例,基于形态空间格局(MSPA)、Linkage Mapper和重力模型提取各级潜在生态廊道及生态节点,构建并优化长乐区生态网络。结果表明:1)基于MSPA识别出所有景观类型,核心区面积最大(245.36 km^(2)),占所有景观类型的73.61%,结合核心源地连通性评价,筛选出11个核心生态源地;2)通过Linkage Mapper、重力模型提取研究区潜在生态廊道共32条,1级廊道11条,2级廊道10条,3级廊道11条,主要分布在研究区南北部纵向连接,尚未形成整体的网络连接;3)采用Barrier Mapper、Pinch point综合识别生态节点,1级生态节点17个,2级生态节点12个、3级生态节点8个,确定各类型生态修复关键区域,提出生态暂歇点建设策略。研究结果为长乐区域生态可持续发展及建设生态保护重点区时序性研究提供参考意义。

基于Linkage Mapper与复杂网络的成都市生态网络构建与优化

城市化速度加快,城镇内部生态斑块破碎,生态廊道隔断,区域可持续发展受到阻碍。构建生态网络可以连接破碎斑块,保护生物多样性与地域特色。以成都市为例,基于形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis, MSPA)方法并结合景观连通度指数确定生态源地,从地形、景观结构、人类活动三方面确定阻力因子来构建综合阻力面,基于ArcGIS水文分析原理和linkageMapper识别生态廊道和生态节点,利用复杂网络增边优化理论,对研究区处于高阻力值且介中心性低的点进行模拟增边,最后对比增边前后的稳定性,验证增边效果。结果表明:1)成都市生态源地主要分布在西部林区,东部和中部较为稀疏。2)成都市阻力值呈现由中部向外部降低趋势,中心都市圈阻力值最高。3)基于GIS共提取111条生态廊道、209条辐射道、101个生态节点。4)识别出增边优化节点8个,成功模拟增加11条生态廊道,模拟增边优化后网络稳定性明显提升,网络连通性增强,网络结构整体更为稳定。

立创EDA在高校电子信息类课程实践教学中的应用

电子线路CAD是电子信息类专业中一门实践性要求很高的专业课程,在培养学生的工程实践与创新能力方面发挥了关键作用。基于以成果为导向的OBE教学理念,引入我国自主知识产权、简单易用的立创EDA软件,为课程的实践教学环节提供有力支持。通过这一软件,学生得以完成从电路仿真到元件选型,再到原理图和PCB绘制,以及最终PCB打样的完整流程。立创EDA软件还在学科竞赛、课程设计以及毕业设计等环节获得了较好的应用,帮助学生更深层次理解电子产品的设计和制造流程,为学生将来的职业发展奠定了坚实的基础。

基于EDA统计图量化的桥梁动态监测数据质量评估

探索性数据分析统计图在桥梁健康监测动态数据质量评估中已有广泛应用。为了减少人工观察统计图的主观性,通过近似度量方法实现统计图的量化分析,得到多个指标对监测数据进行快速质量评估。在运营环境激励作用下,桥梁结构动力响应具有短时线性平稳性,近似服从正态分布。以某大跨斜拉桥振动数据为研究对象,首先,绘制样本数据直方图和Q-Q图,通过观察数据分布特征预先判断数据质量,确定优、良和差3个等级。然后,分别通过KL散度和余弦相似度2种近似度量方法对样本数据直方图和Q-Q图进行量化,得到数据服从正态分布程度的指标;通过箱线图检测样本数据全局异常点,得到正常数据占比;统计分析得到量化值和先验质量等级的对应关系,确定以直方图KL散度和余弦相似度为主、以箱线图正常数据占比为辅的数据质量评估标准。最后,取部分数据为验证集,进一步验证所提方法各个指标的合理性,并给出该方法在实际工程上的应用结果。

融合非核心词EDA和SSMix的雷达故障文本分类方法

对雷达装备故障文本进行智能化分类,有助于提高雷达装备保障效率。针对雷达故障文本专业性强,样本量小且不平衡的问题,通过非核心词EDA进行类内数据增强,以实现在增加文本量的同时保持关键信息不变。针对非核心词EDA方法产生的新样本多样性不够的问题,增加SSMix(saliency-based span mixup for text classification),进行类间数据增强,通过对输入文本非线性的交叉融合来提升文本的多样性。实验证明,与现有的经典基线分类方法和典型数据增强分类方法相比,该方法在准确率上有较大幅度的提升。

基于EDAS的高端装备制造业协同创新伙伴选择

伴随市场环境的复杂多变,高端装备制造业必须通过协同创新来增强技术实力及提高创新成效,其中伙伴选择是其实现创新的关键一步。首先,分析总结伙伴选择评价指标相关文献,并结合高端装备制造业协同创新发展需求,从互补性、兼容性、创新资源、创新能力、创新环境、声誉与信任及技术水平这7个维度,建立了高端装备制造业协同创新伙伴选择指标体系;然后,考虑到高端装备制造业的复杂性及专家评价的模糊性,在概率犹豫模糊环境下,构建基于可能度的平均解距离法(evaluation based on distance from average solution,EDAS)群决策评价模型,并将其应用到该指标体系下的协同创新伙伴选择中;最后,通过一个算例,对该研究方法加以验证,为高端装备制造业进行协同创新伙伴选择提供一定的参考。

基于新图模糊距离的EDAS决策方法及其应用

研究决策信息为图模糊集的多属性决策问题。首先,针对现有图模糊距离的不足,定义了含参数的弃权度的分配,同时结合一致性概念提出了反映决策者风险偏好的图模糊距离,通过数值算例将新图模糊距离与现有图模糊距离进行比较分析,验证其优越性。其次,针对属性权重,采用博弈论组合赋权法对熵权法确定的客观权重和决策者给出的主观权重进行组合优化。在此基础上,将新图模糊距离拓展到一种离平均方案距离的决策方法(EDAS),并运用新图模糊距离计算各方案与平均方案的正、负距离加权和,进而得到综合得分。最后,通过算例来验证所提决策方法的适用性和有效性。灵敏度与对比分析结果表明:决策者可以依据自身风险偏好调整参数的取值来满足不同的决策需求;所提方法相较于其他现有决策方法更具一般性与灵活性,所得排序结果更加合理。

Fragmentation stability and retention time-shift obtained by LC-MS/MS to distinguish sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers in therapeutic glycoproteins

Sialylated N-glycan isomers withα2-3 orα2-6 linkage(s)have distinctive roles in glycoproteins,but are difficult to distinguish.Wild-type(WT)and glycoengineered(mutant)therapeutic glycoproteins,cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-immunoglobulin(CTLA4-Ig),were produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines;however,their linkage isomers have not been reported.In this study,N-glycans of CTLA4-Igs were released,labeled with procainamide,and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)to identify and quantify sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers.The linkage isomers were distinguished by comparison of 1)intensity of the N-acetylglucosamine ion to the sialic acid ion(Ln/Nn)using different fragmentation stability in MS/MS spectra and 2)retention time-shift for a selective m/z value in the extracted ion chromatogram.Each isomer was distinctively identified,and each quantity(>0.1%)was obtained relative to the total N-glycans(100%)for all observed ionization states.Twenty sialylated N-glycan isomers with onlyα2-3 linkage(s)in WT were identified,and each isomer's sum of quantities was 50.4%.Furthermore,39 sialylated N-glycan isomers(58.8%)in mono-(3 N-glycans;0.9%),bi-(18;48.3%),tri-(14;8.9%),and tetra-(4;0.7%)antennary structures of mutant were obtained,which comprised mono-(15 N-glycans;25.4%),di-(15;28.4%),tri-(8;4.8%),and tetra-(1;0.2%)sialylation,respectively,with onlyα2-3(10 N-glycans;4.8%),bothα2-3 andα2-6(14;18.4%),and onlyα2-6(15;35.6%)linkage(s).These results are consistent with those forα2-3 neuraminidase-treated N-glycans.This study generated a novel plot of Ln/Nn versus retention time to distinguish sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers in glycoprotein.

Construction of a high-density SSR genetic linkage map and identification of QTL for storage-root yield and dry-matter content in sweetpotato

Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)is a widely grown food crop especially in developing countries.Increasing storage-root yield and dry-matter content has been the main breeding objective of the crop,and DNA marker-assisted breeding is needed for this purpose.In this study,using a mapping population of 500 F1 individuals from a cross between Xushu 18(female)and Xu 781(male),we constructed a highdensity genetic linkage map of sweetpotato using 601 simple-sequence repeat(SSR)primer pairs.The Xushu 18 map contained 90 linkage groups with 5547 SSR markers and spanned 18,263.5 cM,and the Xu 781 map contained 90 linkage groups with 4599 SSR markers and spanned 18,043.7 cM,representing the highest genome coverage yet reported for sweetpotato.We identified 33 QTL for storage-root yield and 16 QTL for dry-matter content,explaining respectively 6.5%–47.5%and 3.2%–18.9%of variation.These results provide a foundation for fine-mapping and cloning of QTL and for marker-assisted breeding in sweetpotato.

Identification of the candidate gene controlling tiller angle in common wheat through genome-wide association study and linkage analysis

Wheat tiller angle(TA)is an important agronomic trait that contributes to grain production by affecting plant architecture.It also plays a crucial role in high-yield wheat breeding.An association panel and a recombinant inbred line(RIL)population were used to map quantitative trait loci(QTL)for TA.Results showed that 470 significant SNPs with 10.4%–28.8%phenotypic variance explained(PVE)were detected in four replicates by a genome-wide association study(GWAS).Haplotype analysis showed that the TA_Hap_4B1 locus on chromosome 4B was a major QTL to regulate wheat TA.Ten QTL were totally detected by linkage mapping with the RIL population,and QTA.hau-4B.1 identified in six environments with the PVE of 7.88%–18.82%was a major and stable QTL.A combined analysis demonstrated that both TA_Hap_4B1 and QTA.hau-4B.1 were co-located on the same region.Moreover,QTA.hau-4B.1 was confirmed by bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq)analysis.Phenotypic analysis showed that QTA.hau-4B.1was also closely related to yield traits.Furthermore,Traes CS4B02G049700 was considered as a candidate gene through analysis of gene sequence and expression.This study can be potentially used in cloning key genes modulating wheat tillering and provides valuable genetic resources for improvement of wheat plant architecture.

Study on the disaster caused by the linkage failure of the residual coal pillar and rock stratum during multiple coal seam mining:mechanism of progressive and dynamic failure

Multi-seam mining often leads to the retention of a significant number of coal pillars for purposes such as protection,safety,or water isolation.However,stress concentration beneath these residual coal pillars can significantly impact their strength and stability when mining below them,potentially leading to hydraulic support failure,surface subsidence,and rock bursting.To address this issue,the linkage between the failure and instability of residual coal pillars and rock strata during multi-seam mining is examined in this study.Key controls include residual pillar spalling,safety factor(f.),local mine stiffness(LMS),and the post-peak stiffness(k)of the residual coal pillar.Limits separating the two forms of failure,progressive versus dynamic,are defined.Progressive failure results at lower stresses when the coal pillar transitions from indefinitely stable(f,>1.5)to failing(f,<1.5)when the coal pillar can no longer remain stable for an extended duration,whereas sud-den(unstable)failure results when the strength of the pillar is further degraded and fails.The transition in mode of failure is defined by the LMS/k ratio.Failure transitions from quiescent to dynamic as LMS/k.<1,which can cause chain pillar instability propagating throughout the mine.This study provides theoretical guidance to define this limit to instability of residual coal pillars for multi-seam mining in similar mines.

Genetic linkage mapping and QTL identification for salinity tolerance in Indian mustard(Brassica juncea L.Czern and Coss.)using SSR markers

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints that limits crop yield and nearly 7%of the total area worldwide is affected by salinity.Salinity-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage during germination and seedling growth.Indian mustard is a major oilseed crop in India and its production and productivity are severely affected by salt stress.Breeding Brassica cultivars for salinity tolerance by conventional means is very difficult and time-consuming.Therefore,understanding the molecular components associated with salt tolerance is needed to facilitate breeding for salt tolerance in Brassica.In this investigation,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with salt tolerance were identified using F_(2:3)mapping population developed from a cross between CS52(salinity tolerant)and RH30(salinity sensitive).Parents and F_(2:3)were evaluated under controlled and salinity stress conditions for 14 morpho-physiological traits for two consecutive generations(F2 and F_(2:3)),explaining proportion of the phenotypic variance under control condition.Simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers were used for mapping studies.A genetic linkage map based on 42 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)markers was constructed covering 2298.5 cM(Haldane)to identify the loci associated with salt tolerance in Brassica juncea.Forty-one SSRs showing polymorphism in the parents(CS52 and RH30)were mapped on 8 linkage groups(C1–C8).One marker(nga 129)did not map to any of the linkage group and was excluded from mapping.Linkage group 5(C5;317.9 cM)was longest and linkage group 1(C1,255.0 cM)was shortest.Further,we identified 15 QTLs controlling 8 traits using F_(2:3)population.These QTLs explained 12.44–60.63%of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score range of 3.62–5.97.Out of these QTLs,QMI4.1 related to membrane injury showed 51.28%phenotypic variance with a LOD score of 3.34.QTL QBYP8.1 related to biological yield per plant showed 60.63%phenotypic variance at a LOD score of 3.62.The highest LOD score of 5.97 was recorded for QTL related to seed yield per plant(QSYP4.1).Major QTLs were QTL for biological yield per plant(QBYP8.1),QTL for siliquae per plant(QSP4.1),QTL for primary branches(QPB4.1),QTLs for seed per siliqua(QSS4.1,QSS4.2),QTL for seed yield per plant(QSYP4.1),and QTL for membrane injury(QMI8.1)which showed more than 50%phenotypic variance.These QTLs identified in our study need to be confirmed in other populations as well so that these can be used in marker-assisted selection and breeding to enhance salt tolerance in Brassica juncea.

A Study on the Interest Linkage Mechanism of the Taxus Industry Chain in Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County

At the Taxus base of Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County,Chongqing,the comprehensive development and utilization of Taxus was carried out with seedling cultivation,understory economy,product processing,ecotourism and other aspects as the main line.The benefit linkage mechanism of the operation of the Taxus industrial chain was explored and analyzed,so as to extend and supplement the Taxus industrial chain.The two models of"company+farmer"and"company+village collective+farmer"are relatively close benefit linkage models,which indirectly promote the increase of farmers income and smoothly guarantee the operation of the industrial chain,thereby playing a positive role during the development of the Taxus industry.This study provides reliable countermeasures and suggestions for the sustained and healthy development of the Taxus industry in Pengshui County.

Effect of internet multiple linkage mode-based extended care combined with in-hospital comfort care on colorectal cancer patients undergoing colostomy

BACKGROUND Patients with colorectal cancer may need postoperative nursing to improve prognosis,and conventional nursing is not effective.Clinical research is needed to explore nursing methods that can more effectively improve postoperative conditions on colorectal cancer patients undergoing colostomy.AIM To explore the effect of internet multiple linkage mode-based extended care combined with in-hospital comfort care on colorectal cancer patients undergoing colostomy.METHODS Data from 187 patients with colostomy treated in our hospital from May 2019 to March 2022 were collected and divided into three groups,A(n=62),B(n=62)and C(n=63),according to different intervention methods.Group A received internet multiple linkage mode-based extended care combined with in-hospital comfort care.Group B received internet multiple linkage mode-based extended care.Group C received usual care intervention.Complications were compared among the three groups.The stoma self-efficacy scale,Hamilton Anxiety Scale,RESULTS The complication rate of group A,B and C(16.13%,20.97%and 60.32%,respectively)was significantly different(all P<0.05).The incidence of complications in groups A and B was lower than that in group C,and there was no significant difference between groups A and B(P>0.05).After intervention,the scores of ostomy care,social contact,diet choice,confidence in maintaining vitality,confidence in self-care of ostomy,confidence in sexual life,confidence in sexual satisfaction and confidence in physical labor in the three groups were all higher than before intervention,and the scores of groups A and B were higher than those of group C,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale scores of the three groups after intervention were lower than those before intervention.The scores of groups A and B were lower than those of group C,and the score of group A was lower than that of group B,all with statistical significance(all P<0.05).There was a statist-ically significant difference in cancer-induced fatigue among the three groups(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of physical health,psychological health,social health and mental health of the three groups were lower than before the intervention.The scores of group A and B were lower than that of group C;and the score of group A was lower than that of group B,all with statistical significance(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Internet multiple linkage mode-based extended care combined with in-hospital comfort care can effectively improve self-efficacy,bad mood,cancer-related fatigue and life quality of colorectal cancer patients undergoing colostomy.

Evolution of economic linkage network of the cities and counties on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains,China

The exchanges between cities and counties in the northern slope economic belt of Tianshan Mountains(NSEBTM)are increasingly frequent and the economic linkages are increasingly close,but the spatial distribution of economic development and linkages among the cities and counties within NSEBTM is uneven.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the evolution of spatial-temporal pattern of the economic linkage network of cities and counties on NSEBTM to promote the coordinated and integrated development of the regional economy on NSEBTM.In this study,we used the modified gravity model and social network analysis method to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the economic linkage network structure of cities and counties on NSEBTM in 2000,2010,and 2020.The results showed that the comprehensive development quality level of cities and counties on NSEBTM increased from 2000 to 2020,its growth rate also increased,and its gap between cities and counties continued expanding.Both the spatial distribution patterns of the comprehensive development quality level of cities and counties on NSEBTM in 2000 and 2010 were presented as“high in the middle and low at both ends”,while the spatial distribution pattern of 2020 was exhibited as“high value and low value staggered”.The total amount of external economic linkages of cities and counties on NSEBTM showed an obvious upward trend,and its gap between cities and counties continued expanding,presenting a pattern of“a strong middle section and weak ends”.The direction of economic linkages of NSEBTM existed obvious central orientation and geographical proximity.The density of economic linkage network of NSEBTM increased from 2000 to 2020,and the structure of economic linkage network changed from single-core structure centered with Urumqi City to multicore structure centered with Urumqi City,Karamay City,Shihezi City,and Changji City,shifting from unbalanced development to balanced development.In the future,we should accelerate the construction of urban agglomeration on NSEBTM,cultivate a modern Urumqi metropolitan area,improve comprehensive development quality of the cities and counties at the eastern and western ends,strengthen the intensity of economic linkages between cities and counties,optimize the economic linkage network,and promote the coordinated and integrated development of regional economy.

EDA变异导致选择性先天缺牙的表型分析

目的:探讨EDA基因变异导致选择性先天缺牙的表型特征。方法:从PubMed及多个中文数据库检索截止2023年4月已发表的EDA变异导致的选择性先天缺牙病例,分析缺牙数目、不同牙位缺失率并对比男女患者表型特征。结果:EDA基因变异导致的选择性先天缺牙好发于下颌中切牙(47.7%)及上下颌侧切牙(41.6%, 40.1%),较少累及磨牙。男性较女性易患病,且男性缺牙严重程度显著高于女性。结论:EDA变异的表型分析有助于医生从缺牙表型预测致病基因并开展遗传咨询。

自主可控EDA金光SPICE的技术特点及应用方法研究

作为集成电路EDA工具,金光SPICE能够有效解决我国缺乏自主知识产权集成电路EDA工具的问题,能助力提升我国集成电路教育水平和设计水平。通过详细分析金光SPICE的技术特点,结合国产工艺及器件模型库,利用金光SPICE软件的高性能、高精度、高兼容性等优点,提出了从电路图绘制到SPICE仿真的完整设计流程。基于上述流程,讨论分析了反相器链和施密特触发器电路的原理,并利用金光SPICE完成了电路的设计与验证,证明基于金光SPICE的集成电路设计方法能够有效地提高集成电路设计的质量和效率,降低设计的成本和风险,具有较强的实用价值和推广意义。

EDA Linkage——从设计到量产的整体解决方案

手机、数码家电、DVD等流行电器中使用的芯片通常都具有较复杂的功能。伴随着功能的复杂化,设计量的增大、生产工艺的细微化、成本的压力等问题也不断的出现。而且,这些小型多功能芯片的生命周期通常都比较短,这也使设计制造领域面临前所未有的巨大挑战。面对这些挑战,文章从测试的角度出发,介绍了从设计到量产的整体解决方案所包含的内容及其特点。