Albumin–bilirubin grade as a predictor of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND The models for assessing liver function,mainly the Child–Pugh(CP),albuminbilirubin(ALBI),and platelet–ALBI(PALBI)classifications,have been validated for use in estimating the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients.However,thrombocytopenia is a common finding and may influence the prognostic value of the three models in HCC.AIM To investigate and compare the prognostic performance of the above three models in thrombocytopenic HCC patients.METHODS A total of 135 patients with thrombocytopenic HCC who underwent radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperative scores on the CP,ALBI and PALBI classifications were estimated accordingly.Kaplan–Meier curves with logrank tests and Cox regression models were used to explore the significant factors associated with overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS).RESULTS The preoperative platelet counts were significantly different among the CP,ALBI and PALBI groups.After a median follow-up of 28 mo,39.3%(53/135)of the patients experienced postoperative recurrence,and 36.3%(49/135)died.Univariate analysis suggested thatα-fetoprotein levels,tumor size,vascular invasion,and ALBI grade were significant predictors of OS and RFS.According to the multivariate Cox regression model,ALBI was identified as an independent prognostic factor.However,CP and PALBI grades were not statistically significant prognostic indicators.CONCLUSION The ALBI grade,rather than CP or PALBI grade,is a significant prognostic indicator for thrombocytopenic HCC patients.

Predictive value of thrombocytopenia for bloodstream infection in patients with sepsis and septic shock

BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia is common in patients with sepsis and septic shock.AIM To analyse the decrease in the number of platelets for predicting bloodstream infection in patients with sepsis and septic shock in the intensive care unit.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients admitted with sepsis and septic shock in Xingtai People Hospital was revisited.Patient population characteristics and laboratory data were collected for analysis.RESULTS The study group consisted of 85(39%)inpatients with bloodstream infection,and the control group consisted of 133(61%)with negative results or contamination.The percentage decline in platelet counts(PPCs)in patients positive for pathogens[57.1(41.3-74.6)]was distinctly higher than that in the control group[18.2(5.1–43.1)](P<0.001),whereas the PPCs were not significantly different among those with gram-positive bacteraemia,gram-negative bacteraemia,and fungal infection.Using receiver operating characteristic curves,the area under the curve of the platelet drop rate was 0.839(95%CI:0.783-0.895).CONCLUSION The percentage decline in platelet counts is sensitive in predicting bloodstream infection in patients with sepsis and septic shock.However,it cannot identify gram-positive bacteraemia,gram-negative bacteraemia,and fungal infection.

Neonatal Thrombocytopenia at Dakar Principal Hospital

Neonatal thrombocytopenia accounts for 20% of neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at DPH. The etiologies are multiple, but bacterial infection is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. We therefore set out to assess the frequency of neonatal thrombocytopenia associated or not with bacterial infection in the NICU. We conducted a retrospective and prospective study with the DPH NICU, over 10 months (August 2018 and April 2019). Thrombocytopenia encountered in the NICUs, were the subject of research into bacteriological, inflammatory, and epidemiological parameters using Inlog laboratory data processing software. During this period, 1280 babies were hospitalized, 94 of whom underwent thrombocytopenia, corresponding to 7.34%, with a sex ratio of 0.92. The number of babies presenting with thrombocytopenia during the first week of hospitalization was 72, accounting for 76.6%. The clinical context was usually low birth weight in 30.8% of cases and perinatal asphyxia (25%). Thrombocytopenia ranged from 2000 to 137,000 with an average of 69,520/mm3. Among these thrombocytopenias, 64 cases (68%) were below 100,000 mm3 and 44 cases had a CRP >5 mg/l. A total of 30 bacteria were isolated, including 23 Enterobacteria, 2 Streptococci, and 1 Acinetobacter. Among these enterobacteria, 14 were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Thrombocytopenia associated with a multidrug-resistant bacterial infection is a real challenging management.

Pituitary apoplexy secondary to dengue fever-induced-thrombocytopenia:A case report and review of literature

Rationale:Pituitary apoplexy(PA)is a rare endocrine emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and management.Dengue fever-induced-thrombocytopenia may rarely predispose to PA.Patient’s Concern:A 58-year-old male patient having known pituitary macroadenoma presented to the emergency department with fever,a sudden onset severe headache,and altered sensorium.Diagnosis:Pituitary apoplexy caused by dengue fever-induced-thrombocytopenia.Interventions:Conservative management with fluids,mannitol,dexamethasone and symptomatic treatment.Outcomes:The patient responded well to the treatment and was discharged uneventfully.Lessons:Although dengue hemorrhagic fever is a rare cause of pituitary apoplexy,it should be considered if a patient presents with headache and altered sensorium,and prompt initiation of treatment is crucial to prevent fatality and neuro-ophthalmic deficits.

Spontaneous Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Presenting as Concomitant Bilateral Cerebrovascular Infarction and Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background:Spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a pro-thrombotic syndrome in which anti-heparin antibodies develop without heparin exposure.Case presentation:A 78-year-old man who underwent a successful lumbar laminectomy presented to the hospital 5 days after discharge for stroke-like symptoms and was found to have acute infarcts of the bilateral frontal lobes.The patient was found to be severely thrombocytopenic and was incidentally found to have an inferior wall myocardial infarction.Further investigation led to the diagnosis of bilateral lower extremity deep vein thromboses.His overall clinical presentation prompted a detailed hematologic workup that indicated positivity for heparin-induced thrombocy-topenia despite no previous exposure to heparin products.Conclusions:This case illustrates a patient with no prior lifetime heparin exposure who underwent laminectomy with subsequent development of acute infarcts of the bilateral frontal lobes,an inferior wall myocardial infarction,and bilateral lower extremity deep vein thromboses,with concern for sequelae of spontaneous heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia.

Rivaroxaban for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis in a patient undergoing artificial hip arthroplasty:A case report

BACKGROUND Anticoagulation treatment after lower limb surgery is one of the key methods to avoid thrombosis,and low-molecular-weight heparin is the treatment that is most frequently used in clinical practice.But one uncommon side effect of lowmolecular-weight heparin is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT),which can develop into thrombosis if not caught early or managed incorrectly.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a patient who underwent hip arthroplasty and experienced thrombocytopenia due to HIT on the 9th d following the application of lowmolecular-weight heparin anticoagulation.We did not diagnose HIT in time and applied 1 unit of platelets to the patient,which led to thrombosis.Luckily,the patient recovered following effective and timely surgery and treatment with rivaroxaban.CONCLUSION Patients using low-molecular-weight heparin after lower limb surgery need to have their platelet counts regularly checked.If HIT develops,platelet treatment should be given with caution.

Chinese expert consensus on managing thrombocytopenia in patients with cancer and liver injury

Thrombocytopenia and liver injury are serious clinical problems in patients with cancer. The etiologyof thrombocytopenia in patients with cancer and liver injury (TCLI) is complicated. Managing cancertherapy-induced thrombocytopenia has gradually become standardized, and managing liver injuryassociatedthrombocytopenia has become more effective with the approval and marketing of relevantdrugs. However, the optimal strategy for managing thrombocytopenia in patients with cancer and liverinjury remains unclear, and the superposition of thrombocytopenia and liver injury further increasesthe difficulty of cancer treatment. Therefore, the Committee of Cancer Support Therapy of the ChineseAnti-Cancer Association has organized experts to analyze and discuss relevant literature to form aChinese expert consensus on managing thrombocytopenia in patients with cancer and liver injury(2022 Edition) to guide clinical practice.

Efficacy of Low-Dose Rituximab in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia

Objective:To explore the effect of low-dose rituximab in primary immune thrombocytopenia.Methods:From January 2022 to January 2023,60 patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia were randomly divided into two groups.The control group was treated with standard doses of rituximab,and the observation group was treated with low doses of rituximab.Rituximab was used for treatment,and the clinical curative effect of the two groups was observed.Results:Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in platelet count(PLT),anti-GPⅡb/Ⅲa antibody,and anti-GPⅠb/Ⅸantibody between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the PLT of the two groups increased significantly.Antibodies were all decreased,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 13.33%,and that in the control group was 40.00%.The adverse reactions in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the clinical treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia,low-dose rituximab can control the progression of the disease,improve blood routine indicators,and have fewer adverse reactions.

The Role and Safety of Personalized Care in Improving Thrombocytopenia after Lymphoma Chemotherapy

Objective:To explore and analyze the effect and safety of personalized nursing in improving thrombocytopenia after lymphoma chemotherapy.Methods:80 lymphoma patients with thrombocytopenia after lymphoma chemotherapy in the Department of Hematology of our hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into an experimental group and reference group by random drawing,with 40 cases in each group.The experimental group received individualized nursing,and the reference group received routine nursing.The platelet count,platelet-related indicators,incidence of adverse reactions,and life scores were compared between the two groups.Results:Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in platelet count between the groups(P>0.05);after the intervention,the platelet count in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the reference group(P<0.05).In the experimental group,the duration for platelet decline and the time for platelets to normalize were notably shorter compared to the reference group(P<0.05).Moreover,the personality group displayed a significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions than the reference group(P<0.05).Prior to the intervention,there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05)in the life scores between the two groups,such as functional condition,symptom manifestation,and health scores among the groups.However,post-intervention,the personality group exhibited a significant improvement in those scores compared to the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Individualized nursing can optimize the platelet level in thrombocytopenia after lymphoma chemotherapy,improve symptoms,and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

原发与继发免疫性血小板减少症患者血小板膜糖蛋白特异性抗体及其与出血评分关系的研究

目的探讨原发与继发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa及GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体的表达、抗体阳性表达与出血评分的关系,以及不同抗体类型出血评分的差异,为原发与继发ITP患者的诊治和出血严重程度提供临床依据。方法选取2013年10月—2020年8月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院诊断为原发ITP患者(42例)及继发ITP患者(42例)为研究对象,所有患者入院时采用ITP出血评分量表行出血评分。应用改良MAIPA法检测患者抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa和抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体。结果原发与继发组患者抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),原发组患者抗体表达以抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体为主,继发组抗体表达以抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体为主,两者抗体阳性构成比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。继发组患者整体出血程度较原发组重(P<0.05)。抗体阳性表达与出血程度的关系:(1)抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重(P<0.05)。(2)抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重(P<0.05),双抗体阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重(P<0.05)。结论抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体阳性表达对原发与继发ITP无鉴别意义,但原发ITP患者抗体表达以抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体为主,继发ITP患者抗体表达以抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体为主。继发ITP患者临床出血程度较原发ITP患者重。抗GPⅡb/Ⅲa抗体、抗GPΙb/Ⅸ抗体及抗体双阳性患者出血程度较抗体阴性患者重。

原发性干燥综合征合并血细胞减少中医诊治研究进展

原发性干燥综合征(pSS)是一种慢性炎症性自身免疫病,除累及外分泌腺之外,还可累及多器官、系统,其中以血液系统受累最为常见,多表现为一系或多系血细胞减少。目前对于pSS合并血细胞减少缺乏统一公认的治疗方案,西医治疗多以糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂为主,而中医药治疗本病具有较好疗效。通过总结pSS合并血细胞减少的中医诊治经验,并对相关研究进行综述后发现,现代医家认为pSS核心病机为气阴亏虚,久之则产生热、毒、瘀等多种病理产物,相互影响,导致全身气血津液失常,引起血细胞减少。本病病位多责之于肝、脾、肾,治以滋阴、益气、养血之法,辅以清热解毒、化瘀通络之法,并根据其合并血细胞减少类型的不同以及是否使用糖皮质激素用药各有侧重。中医药治疗本病较西药治疗能够更好地改善血细胞水平且不良事件发生率更低,具有一定优势。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨党参防治免疫性血小板减少症的分子机制

目的:采用网络药理学、差异基因分析、分子对接方法初步阐明党参治疗免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的分子机制。方法:在传统中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)、传统中药综合数据库(TCMID)和中医药百科全书数据库(ETCM)中检索党参的主要成分和相应的蛋白质靶标。在GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET数据库收集ITP的靶点,构建韦恩图获得复合靶标和疾病的交集靶点,并将靶标导入STRING数据库,使用Cytoscape3.9.1构建PPI网络。接着对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,以探索ITP与党参的相关信号通路,最后对关键靶点和活性化合物进行分子对接研究。结果:共获得党参的84种潜在活性化合物、2354个疾病靶点与257个药物靶点,并得到86个交集靶点。通过蛋白互相作用网络图(PPI)分析确定了15个关键靶点,Degree值排名前5位的靶点包括血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、Src原癌基因(SRC)、白细胞介素2(IL2)、过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ(PPARG)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)。GO和KEGG分析表明,党参治疗ITP主要涉及ERK1和ERK2级联的正向调控、信号转导、蛋白质磷酸化等生物学过程,信号通路主要包括PI3K/Akt、癌症通路、T细胞信号通路。分子对接结果表明,SRC、PPARG与11-hydroxyrankinidine具有较高的结合活性。肉豆蔻酸、乙基α-d果糖呋喃糖苷、黄豆黄素是重要的活性化合物并通过分子对接模拟进行验证。结论:本研究从多个角度阐明党参可能通过调节多个靶点和多条途径对ITP产生治疗作用,可为进一步深入研究党参对ITP的作用提供科学依据。

急性肺栓塞合并血小板减少患者临床特点的回顾性研究

背景急性肺栓塞(APE)是严重的心血管疾病,近年APE合并血小板减少患者的检出率不断增加,存在血栓和出血的双重问题,目前研究主要以成功的病例报道为主,存在一定的临床评估和治疗方案的研究缺口。目的探讨APE合并血小板减少患者的临床特征和临床预后,为临床提供诊疗依据。方法回顾性纳入2015年1月—2020年1月北京大学人民医院急诊科就诊的APE合并血小板减少患者21例为研究对象。将患者按照出血情况分为严重出血组(7例)和轻微/无出血组(14例);依据患者是否合并除肺动脉以外其他部位血栓将患者分为多部位血栓组(7例)和肺动脉血栓组(14例);依据患者死亡情况将患者分为死亡组(5例)和存活组(16例)。收集患者临床资料并进行组间比较。结果本研究共纳入APE合并血小板减少患者21例,其中男7例,女14例,平均年龄(63.2±18.9)岁。分析病因,免疫性血小板减少性紫癜5例,抗磷脂抗体综合征4例,嗜酸性粒细胞增多症3例,药物相关血小板减少2例,系统性红斑狼疮2例,肿瘤相关性血小板减少2例,病因不明3例。19例患者进行抗凝治疗。肺动脉血栓组纤维蛋白原、纤维蛋白原/白蛋白比值高于多部位血栓组(P<0.05)。严重出血组男性比例、平均血小板体积低于轻微/无出血组,多部位血栓比例、中心粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值高于轻微/无出血组(P<0.05)。死亡组抗凝治疗比例、血小板计数低于生存组,心率、平均血小板体积/血小板比值、肿瘤相关血小板减少比例高于生存组(P<0.05)。结论APE合并血小板减少患者存在多血栓事件风险,抗凝治疗有助于改善临床预后,依据血小板计数开展抗凝治疗与严重出血事件无相关性,血小板计数、血小板相关参数及其他凝血相关参数有助于血栓负荷、出血风险及临床预后的评估。

头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少列线图预测模型的建立与验证

目的探讨头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致成人住院患者血小板减少的预测因子,建立列线图预测模型并进行验证。方法回顾性收集西安市中心医院2021年6月30日至2023年6月30日使用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗的成人住院患者资料,按7∶3随机分为训练集和内部验证集。采用单因素/多因素Logistic回归分析筛选头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的独立预测因子,通过R4.0.3软件“RMS”包绘制列线图;采用受试者工作特征曲线及C-index值评估模型的预测效能;采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评价模型的校正度。以相同标准,收集西安市第一医院同期使用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦治疗的成人住院患者的临床资料,对列线图预测模型进行外部验证。结果共纳入西安市中心医院患者1045例,其中头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少患者67例,发生率为6.41%。排除假阳性患者后,最终纳入患者473例,其中训练集331例、内部验证集142例。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄[OR=1.043,95%CI(1.017,1.070)]、估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)[OR=0.988,95%CI(0.977,0.998)]、基线血小板[OR=0.989,95%CI(0.982,0.996)]、营养风险[OR=3.863,95%CI(1.884,7.921)]和累计限定日剂量数(DDDs)[OR=1.082,95%CI(1.020,1.147)]是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的独立预测因子(P<0.05)。训练集和内部验证集的C-index值分别为0.824[95%CI(0.759,0.890)]和0.828[95%CI(0.749,0.933)],Hosmer-Lemeshow检验的χ^(2)值分别为0.441、1.804(P值分别为0.802、0.406)。外部验证集中,C-index值为0.808[95%CI(0.672,0.945)],Hosmer-Lemeshow检验的χ^(2)值为0.899(P值为0.638)。结论患者年龄、基线血小板、eGFR、营养风险和累计DDDs是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的独立预测因子;所建列线图预测模型具有良好的预测效能和外推性,有助于临床快速、准确地识别头孢哌酮/舒巴坦致血小板减少的潜在风险。

大量腹水伴多系统受累的TAFRO综合征一例并文献复习

目的 探讨大量腹水伴多系统受累TAFRO综合征患者的识别及临床表现。方法 选取2015年11月航天中心医院出现大量腹水并多系统损伤的患者1例,回顾性分析其入院资料及临床表现、实验室检查结果,并复习相关文献。结果 本例患者女性,39岁,急性起病,发热后出现大量腹水,伴贫血、PLT减少,SCr升高伴少尿。查体:皮肤巩膜黄染,腹膨隆,无压痛及反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音弱,右下腹留置腹腔引流管,引流液呈血性,双下肢水肿。实验室结果显示,WBC 8.45×10^(9)/L,RBC 1.73×10^(12)/L,Hb 53 g/L,PLT 11×10^(9)/L,BUN 51.6 mmol/L,SCr 232.9μmol/L,免疫球蛋白G 1 730 mg/dl(正常范围:751~1 560 mg/dl),乳酸脱氢酶569.0 IU/L。诊断考虑TAFRO综合征。给予肾脏替代及支持治疗,配合免疫抑制剂,患者临床症状好转。结论 TAFRO综合征与一些自身免疫性疾病背景相同,临床表现为多系统受累,起病急,发病罕见,鉴别比较困难,预后凶险。患者需紧急医疗处理,可以获得良好的临床效果。

艾曲泊帕治疗原发免疫性血小板减少症患者的回顾性研究

目的探究艾曲泊帕治疗原发免疫性血小板减少症(primary immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)患者的回顾性研究。方法回顾性分析2018年10月至2022年2月于笔者医院接受治疗的90例ITP患者的病历资料,根据不同治疗方式,分为地塞米松组和艾曲泊帕组,地塞米松组采用地塞米松治疗,艾曲泊帕组在地塞米松组基础上联合艾曲泊帕治疗(均n=45)。比较免疫功能、治疗效果及不良反应。结果治疗后4周,白细胞介素[(interleukin)-2,IL-2]、干扰素-γ(interferon-gamma,INF-γ)水平比较,艾曲泊帕组及地塞米松组均较治疗前降低,且艾曲泊帕组低于地塞米松组,IL-4水平比较,艾曲泊帕组及地塞米松组较治疗前提高,且艾曲泊帕组高于地塞米松组(P<0.05)。治疗后4周,艾曲泊帕组及地塞米松组血小板(platelet,PLT)计数≥30×10^(9)/L比例分别为68.89%、40.00%,PLT≥50×10^(9)/L比例分别为55.55%、20.00%,艾曲泊帕组各比例均高于地塞米松组(P<0.05),治疗4周内,艾曲泊帕组及地塞米松组1/2时间PLT≥50×10^(9)/L比例分别为66.67%、33.33%,至少1次PLT≥50×10^(9)/L比例分别为93.33%、44.44%,治疗9个月至少1次PLT≥50×10^(9)/L比例分别为60.00%、26.67%,艾曲泊帕组高于地塞米松组(P<0.05)。艾曲泊帕组及地塞米松组不良反应率比较(P>0.05)。结论艾曲泊帕可明显降低ITP患者出血风险,改善免疫功能,提升治疗效果,同时治疗安全性较高。

血小板相关抗体在儿童免疫性血小板减少症治疗效果评估中的临床价值

目的:探究血小板相关抗体(PA-Ig)在儿童免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)治疗效果评估中的临床价值。方法:选取2020年2月至2023年2月医院收治的104例ITP患儿以及22例健康儿童作为研究对象,分别将其纳入观察组与对照组,观察组患儿根据治疗结果分为完全反应组、有效组与无效组,所有儿童均进行PA-Ig水平检测。结果:观察组104例患儿中,有85例(81.73%)患儿治疗后为完全反应(完全反应组),11例(10.58%)为有效(有效组),其余8例(7.69%)为无效(无效组);观察组PA-IgG、PA-IgM、PA-IgA水平高于对照组(P<0.05);完全反应组PA-IgG、PA-IgM、PA-IgA水平低于有效组与无效组,有效组PA-IgG、PA-IgM、PA-IgA水平低于无效组,不同治疗效果的三组ITP患儿PA-IgG、PA-IgM、PA-IgA水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对ITP患儿PA-Ig水平进行检测有利于临床针对患儿情况进行治疗与早期疗效评估,降低患儿治疗风险,在ITP患儿治疗效果评估中具有一定评估价值。

44例氯吡格雷相关性血小板减少症的文献病例分析

目的探讨氯吡格雷相关性血小板减少症的发生特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法检索建库至2022年11月收录在PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普期刊数据库有关氯吡格雷致血小板减少症的病例报道并对其发生情况进行整理和分析。结果共纳入43篇文献合计44例患者;男30例(68.2%),女14例(31.8%);年龄37~88(65.0±11.4)岁,其中≥60岁30例(68.2%)。发生血小板减少症的时间为用药后8 h~9个月,其中29例(65.9%)出现在2周内。31例(70.5%)表现为重度血小板减少,38例(86.4%)伴有并发症,其中24例(63.2%)表现为出血,19例(50.0%)表现为血栓性血小板减少性紫癜。经停药和对症治疗后41例(93.2%)血小板计数恢复正常,3例(6.8%)死亡。结论氯吡格雷相关性血小板减少症以重度血小板减少居多,且常伴发出血或血栓性血小板减少性紫癜,但整体转归良好。临床在使用该药的前2周内应密切监测患者的血小板计数,一旦发现异常及时停药并予以对症处理。

信迪利单抗致一例免疫相关性肝损害及血小板减少分析与处置

目的探讨信迪利单抗引起免疫治疗相关性肝损害及血小板减少原因、处理方法及药学监护,保证患者免疫治疗安全有效。方法临床药师全程参与信迪利单抗致免疫治疗相关性肝损害及血小板减少治疗过程,从不良反应发生鉴别、机制、处理方法及后续治疗方案等方面进行分析,并提供药学监护。结果信迪利单抗可引起免疫治疗相关性肝损害及血小板减少,尽管免疫治疗不良反应发生率较低,但应对接受免疫治疗且存在潜在抗肿瘤治疗风险的患者及时进行基线评估,做好患者疾病相关危险因素的管理,配合临床医生进行相关疾病的评估、干预和治疗,降低肿瘤患者不良反应的预后风险。结论临床药师主动监测并参与肿瘤免疫治疗相关性血液毒性及肝毒性等不良反应分析、药学监护及治疗方案分析,可降低肿瘤不良反应预后风险,为临床行免疫治疗患者提供用药参考及指导,有效提高患者药物治疗的有效性及安全性。

滋阴凉血方联合泼尼松对免疫性血小板减少性紫癜小鼠免疫功能及ST2/IL-33通路的影响

目的:探讨滋阴凉血方联合泼尼松对免疫性血小板减少性紫癜小鼠免疫功能及ST2/IL-33通路的影响。方法:40只BALB/c小鼠,其中32只采用注射抗血小板血清构建免疫性血小板减少性紫癜小鼠模型,造模成功后,随机分为模型、滋阴凉血方(0.2 ml/10 g)、泼尼松(0.2 ml/10 g)和滋阴凉血方+泼尼松(0.2 ml/10 g)共4组,每组8只,剩余8只小鼠设为空白组。分别按剂量灌胃给药,模型组与空白组灌胃等量生理盐水,1次/d×2周。采集血样和脾脏组织,使用全自动血液分析仪测定外周血小板数;HE染色观察脾脏组织病理学变化;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清转化生长因子β、白细胞介素(IL)-17及外周血血小板生成素水平;Western blot检测脾脏组织IL-33、s ST2、ST2表达;流式细胞术检测外周血Th17、Treg细胞数。结果:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠血小板数、血小板生成素、转化生长因子β水平及Treg细胞均明显降低(P<0.05),IL-17水平、Th17细胞及IL-33、s ST2、ST2蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01);与模型组相比,滋阴凉血方+泼尼松组血小板数、血小板生成素、转化生长因子β水平及Treg细胞均明显上升(P<0.05),IL-17水平、Th17细胞及IL-33、s ST2、ST2蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:滋阴凉血方+泼尼松可有效地调节Th17/Treg平衡,进而有效改善免疫性血小板减少性紫癜,其机制可能与调节ST2/IL-33信号通路有关。