Communicative testing, with its purpose of measuring communicative competence, has brought changes to the current EFL tests in content and format and produced a widespread and profound influence on modern language tes...Communicative testing, with its purpose of measuring communicative competence, has brought changes to the current EFL tests in content and format and produced a widespread and profound influence on modern language testing models in the two decades. This paper gives a brief introduction to the development of communicative testing, and presents the trend of modern EFL testing in the aspects of oral test, proportion of subjective and objective items, content, context, incorporation of skills as well as criteria of assessment, which is the result of enlightenment of communicative testing theories.展开更多
EFL learners,who study English as a foreign language,often use different learning strategies in the learning process,with positive and negative results in their academic performance.Whether these learning strategies a...EFL learners,who study English as a foreign language,often use different learning strategies in the learning process,with positive and negative results in their academic performance.Whether these learning strategies are effective or not are questions to be explored.So,the author examined the relationship between Chinese EFL learners’test results and the use of motivated strategies for learning in English learning.Participants are students who have taken a high-stake standardized English proficiency test:IELTS(International English Language Testing System)with band score obtained.The results show that students’performance on high-stakes assessment is significantly associated with the use of motivated learning strategies like internal value in sharp contrast to test anxiety,which bears no relevance.Interviews are then implemented to candidates with different levels of English proficiency to figure out other related factors contributing to the test results.展开更多
测评对英语作为外语(English as a Foreign Language,EFL)的教和学影响深远。形成性评估是“面向学习的测评(learning-oriented assessment,LOA)”必不可少的基础,其概念化和实施已然成为近年来语言测试和外语教育研究的焦点。当前,形...测评对英语作为外语(English as a Foreign Language,EFL)的教和学影响深远。形成性评估是“面向学习的测评(learning-oriented assessment,LOA)”必不可少的基础,其概念化和实施已然成为近年来语言测试和外语教育研究的焦点。当前,形成性评估在教育政策如中国国家课程标准中的强制性作用日益凸显。然而,在中国外语教育中,为应对教育政策要求,初中英语教师如何理解和解释形成性评估以及如何在课堂中进行LOA实践,在很大程度上仍然是未知的。为探索该问题,本研究以中国西南地区某城市的三位初中英语教师为例,探讨他们的评价理念和LOA教学实践。研究共收集三位教师的15节备考课堂观察数据和3次半结构化访谈数据。研究结果显示,三位教师对LOA的概念有不同的理解和解释,而教师们的课堂实践也体现了她们的理解。尽管教师们在一个重视考试的环境中工作,但研究表明她们会通过不同的LOA实践来促进学生们的英语学习。例如,教师会向学生提供基于其学习情况的口头反馈;教师会通过分组和同伴评价等方式在学生中实行以学习者为中心的任务和互动活动,从而促进学生的互相学习并帮助他们的理解;教师也鼓励学生们发展自主学习能力。这些研究发现能够为在以重视考试的英语学习背景下实现LOA提供可借鉴的方法。展开更多
With the purpose of describing levels of English language proficiency expected at each stage in our school＇s Diploma and BA programs, we attempted to compare the level of courses with national standards as embodied i...With the purpose of describing levels of English language proficiency expected at each stage in our school＇s Diploma and BA programs, we attempted to compare the level of courses with national standards as embodied in the national TEM4 and TEM8, and with international standards as embodied in international examinations such as Cambridge ESOL, and other descriptions such as the Common European Framework via one quantifiable parameter： vocabulary range. This is justified as vocabulary range offers an approximate but useful guide to the level of a course or a testing system. We hypothesize that the language competence at different levels of our program matches various standard proficiency examinations. Paul Nation＇s Range software was used both in its standard form using his three BASEWRD files and in an adapted form adding the authors＇ own BASEWRD files extrapolated from various levels of our textbook series. This enabled us to compare the vocabulary range of our courses with that of both national and international examinations where word lists are available or recoverable. Research results supported the hypotheses suggested.展开更多
The capacity and size of hydro-generator units are increasing with the rapid development of hydroelectric enterprises, and the vibration of the powerhouse structure has increasingly become a major problem. Field testi...The capacity and size of hydro-generator units are increasing with the rapid development of hydroelectric enterprises, and the vibration of the powerhouse structure has increasingly become a major problem. Field testing is an important method for research on dynamic identification and vibration mechanisms. Research on optimal sensor placement has become a very important topic due to the need to obtain effective testing information from limited test resources. To overcome inadequacies of the present methods, this paper puts forward the triaxial effective independence driving-point residue （EfI3-DPR3） method for optimal sensor placement. The Efl3-DPR3 method can incorporate both the maximum triaxial modal kinetic energy and linear independence of the triaxial target modes at the selected nodes. It was applied to the optimal placement oftriaxial sensors for vibration testing in a hydropower house, and satisfactory results were obtained. This method can provide some guidance for optimal placement of triaxial sensors of underground powerhouses.展开更多
文摘Communicative testing, with its purpose of measuring communicative competence, has brought changes to the current EFL tests in content and format and produced a widespread and profound influence on modern language testing models in the two decades. This paper gives a brief introduction to the development of communicative testing, and presents the trend of modern EFL testing in the aspects of oral test, proportion of subjective and objective items, content, context, incorporation of skills as well as criteria of assessment, which is the result of enlightenment of communicative testing theories.
文摘EFL learners,who study English as a foreign language,often use different learning strategies in the learning process,with positive and negative results in their academic performance.Whether these learning strategies are effective or not are questions to be explored.So,the author examined the relationship between Chinese EFL learners’test results and the use of motivated strategies for learning in English learning.Participants are students who have taken a high-stake standardized English proficiency test:IELTS(International English Language Testing System)with band score obtained.The results show that students’performance on high-stakes assessment is significantly associated with the use of motivated learning strategies like internal value in sharp contrast to test anxiety,which bears no relevance.Interviews are then implemented to candidates with different levels of English proficiency to figure out other related factors contributing to the test results.
文摘测评对英语作为外语(English as a Foreign Language,EFL)的教和学影响深远。形成性评估是“面向学习的测评(learning-oriented assessment,LOA)”必不可少的基础,其概念化和实施已然成为近年来语言测试和外语教育研究的焦点。当前,形成性评估在教育政策如中国国家课程标准中的强制性作用日益凸显。然而,在中国外语教育中,为应对教育政策要求,初中英语教师如何理解和解释形成性评估以及如何在课堂中进行LOA实践,在很大程度上仍然是未知的。为探索该问题,本研究以中国西南地区某城市的三位初中英语教师为例,探讨他们的评价理念和LOA教学实践。研究共收集三位教师的15节备考课堂观察数据和3次半结构化访谈数据。研究结果显示,三位教师对LOA的概念有不同的理解和解释,而教师们的课堂实践也体现了她们的理解。尽管教师们在一个重视考试的环境中工作,但研究表明她们会通过不同的LOA实践来促进学生们的英语学习。例如,教师会向学生提供基于其学习情况的口头反馈;教师会通过分组和同伴评价等方式在学生中实行以学习者为中心的任务和互动活动,从而促进学生的互相学习并帮助他们的理解;教师也鼓励学生们发展自主学习能力。这些研究发现能够为在以重视考试的英语学习背景下实现LOA提供可借鉴的方法。
文摘With the purpose of describing levels of English language proficiency expected at each stage in our school＇s Diploma and BA programs, we attempted to compare the level of courses with national standards as embodied in the national TEM4 and TEM8, and with international standards as embodied in international examinations such as Cambridge ESOL, and other descriptions such as the Common European Framework via one quantifiable parameter： vocabulary range. This is justified as vocabulary range offers an approximate but useful guide to the level of a course or a testing system. We hypothesize that the language competence at different levels of our program matches various standard proficiency examinations. Paul Nation＇s Range software was used both in its standard form using his three BASEWRD files and in an adapted form adding the authors＇ own BASEWRD files extrapolated from various levels of our textbook series. This enabled us to compare the vocabulary range of our courses with that of both national and international examinations where word lists are available or recoverable. Research results supported the hypotheses suggested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50909072)the New Teachers' Fund for Doctor Station, the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20090032120082)the Communication Research Item for the West Area, the Ministry of Communications of China (Grant No. 2009328000084)
文摘The capacity and size of hydro-generator units are increasing with the rapid development of hydroelectric enterprises, and the vibration of the powerhouse structure has increasingly become a major problem. Field testing is an important method for research on dynamic identification and vibration mechanisms. Research on optimal sensor placement has become a very important topic due to the need to obtain effective testing information from limited test resources. To overcome inadequacies of the present methods, this paper puts forward the triaxial effective independence driving-point residue （EfI3-DPR3） method for optimal sensor placement. The Efl3-DPR3 method can incorporate both the maximum triaxial modal kinetic energy and linear independence of the triaxial target modes at the selected nodes. It was applied to the optimal placement oftriaxial sensors for vibration testing in a hydropower house, and satisfactory results were obtained. This method can provide some guidance for optimal placement of triaxial sensors of underground powerhouses.
