二甲双胍是一种传统的口服降糖药,临床上普遍用于2型糖尿病的治疗。近年来大量流行病学研究报道二甲双胍能够降低2型糖尿病患者的肿瘤发病率,亦有研究发现二甲双胍能在代谢途径、细胞周期、氧化应激、肿瘤干细胞转化等方面通过激活腺苷...二甲双胍是一种传统的口服降糖药,临床上普遍用于2型糖尿病的治疗。近年来大量流行病学研究报道二甲双胍能够降低2型糖尿病患者的肿瘤发病率,亦有研究发现二甲双胍能在代谢途径、细胞周期、氧化应激、肿瘤干细胞转化等方面通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosin emonophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖以及转化。但二甲双胍通过激活AMPK的抗肿瘤机制仍存在着争议,其确切的作用机制有待进一步深入的研究,同时亟需大规模的临床试验来证实。展开更多
In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients,finding a therapy that is able to ...In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients,finding a therapy that is able to combat the mechanism of aggression of this disease is extremely important.Thus,oncolytic viruses(OVs)have demonstrated great benefits in the treatment of cancer because it mediates antitumor effects in several ways.Viruses can be used to infect cancer cells,especially over normal cells,to present tumor-associated antigens,to activate“danger signals”that generate a less immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment,and to serve transduction vehicles for expression of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines.The success of therapies using OVs was initially demonstrated by the use of the genetically modified herpes virus,talimogene laherparepvec,for the treatment of melanoma.At this time,several OVs are being studied as a potential treatment for cancer in clinical trials.However,it is necessary to be aware of the safety and possible adverse effects of this therapy;after all,an effective treatment for cancer should promote regression,attack the tumor,and in the meantime induce minimal systemic repercussions.In this manuscript,we will present a current review of the mechanism of action of OVs,main clinical uses,updates,and future perspectives on this treatment.展开更多
Nucleotide pools in mammalian cells change due to the influence of antitumor drugs,which may help in evaluating the drug effect and understanding the mechanism of drug action.In this study,an ion-pair RP-HPLC method w...Nucleotide pools in mammalian cells change due to the influence of antitumor drugs,which may help in evaluating the drug effect and understanding the mechanism of drug action.In this study,an ion-pair RP-HPLC method was used for a simple,sensitive and simultaneous determination of the levels of 12 nucleotides in mammalian cells treated with antibiotic antitumor drugs(daunorubicin,epirubicin and dactinomycin D).Through the use of this targeted metabolomics approach to find potential biomarkers,UTP and ATP were verified to be the most appropriate biomarkers.Moreover,a holistic statistical approach was put forward to develop a model which could distinguish 4 categories of drugs with different mechanisms of action.This model can be further validated by evaluating drugs with different mechanismsof action.This targeted metabolomics study may provide a novel approach to predict the mechanism of action of antitumor drugs.展开更多
热休克蛋白A6(heat shock 70-kDa protein 6,HSPA6)属于HSP70家族,在哺乳动物谱系中部分保守的可诱导的70-kD蛋白。HSPA6基因位于人类染色体1q23.3上,包含两个重要结构领域:N末端的核苷酸结合域(NBD)和C末端的底物结合域(SBD)。目前研...热休克蛋白A6(heat shock 70-kDa protein 6,HSPA6)属于HSP70家族,在哺乳动物谱系中部分保守的可诱导的70-kD蛋白。HSPA6基因位于人类染色体1q23.3上,包含两个重要结构领域:N末端的核苷酸结合域(NBD)和C末端的底物结合域(SBD)。目前研究发现HSPA6对肿瘤的发生、发展既有抑制作用,也有促进作用,在非肿瘤疾病的罹患中也扮演着多种重要角色。HSPA6已日渐成为研究的热点,但其作用机制仍未明确。本文对HSPA6蛋白的结构、表达、功能及其在肿瘤中的研究进展、可能的作用机制及未来展望作一概述。展开更多
恶性肿瘤是目前严重威胁人类健康和生命的疾病之一,相关报道显示,恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率呈现逐年增加的趋势。临床上放疗和化疗是癌症的主流治疗方法,这种治疗往往伴随着严重的不良反应,给患者带来不可逆的损伤,严重影响了患者治疗...恶性肿瘤是目前严重威胁人类健康和生命的疾病之一,相关报道显示,恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率呈现逐年增加的趋势。临床上放疗和化疗是癌症的主流治疗方法,这种治疗往往伴随着严重的不良反应,给患者带来不可逆的损伤,严重影响了患者治疗后的生活质量。因此寻找新型安全有效的抗肿瘤药物迫在眉睫,中药抗肿瘤治疗因其不良反应小、相对安全性高、抑制作用持久等优点获得了广泛关注。随着近年来医学科研水平的快速发展,越来越多的抗肿瘤化学成分从中药里被提取出来。桑黄作为一种名贵中药材,其化学成分主要包括多糖、黄酮、三萜、多酚等物质,具有抗炎、降血糖、保肝、抗肿瘤等药理作用。研究表明桑黄的化学成分对肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、黑色素瘤等多种恶性肿瘤细胞显示出抗肿瘤活性,通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞转移、诱导肿瘤细胞自噬、抑制肿瘤血管生成和免疫调节发挥抗肿瘤作用,此外还可以通过联合放化疗增效减毒、增敏辅助治疗恶性肿瘤。基于中国知网、Web of Science、Pubmed、谷歌学术等数据库,以“桑黄、化学成分、抗肿瘤”等关键词检索近几年的相关文献,通过对桑黄的化学成分及其抗肿瘤作用机制进行分析总结,为其进一步开发和临床应用提供思路和理论基础。展开更多
文摘二甲双胍是一种传统的口服降糖药,临床上普遍用于2型糖尿病的治疗。近年来大量流行病学研究报道二甲双胍能够降低2型糖尿病患者的肿瘤发病率,亦有研究发现二甲双胍能在代谢途径、细胞周期、氧化应激、肿瘤干细胞转化等方面通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosin emonophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖以及转化。但二甲双胍通过激活AMPK的抗肿瘤机制仍存在着争议,其确切的作用机制有待进一步深入的研究,同时亟需大规模的临床试验来证实。
文摘In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients,finding a therapy that is able to combat the mechanism of aggression of this disease is extremely important.Thus,oncolytic viruses(OVs)have demonstrated great benefits in the treatment of cancer because it mediates antitumor effects in several ways.Viruses can be used to infect cancer cells,especially over normal cells,to present tumor-associated antigens,to activate“danger signals”that generate a less immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment,and to serve transduction vehicles for expression of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines.The success of therapies using OVs was initially demonstrated by the use of the genetically modified herpes virus,talimogene laherparepvec,for the treatment of melanoma.At this time,several OVs are being studied as a potential treatment for cancer in clinical trials.However,it is necessary to be aware of the safety and possible adverse effects of this therapy;after all,an effective treatment for cancer should promote regression,attack the tumor,and in the meantime induce minimal systemic repercussions.In this manuscript,we will present a current review of the mechanism of action of OVs,main clinical uses,updates,and future perspectives on this treatment.
基金supported financially by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China (No.201102210)the Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University (No.LH2012018)
文摘Nucleotide pools in mammalian cells change due to the influence of antitumor drugs,which may help in evaluating the drug effect and understanding the mechanism of drug action.In this study,an ion-pair RP-HPLC method was used for a simple,sensitive and simultaneous determination of the levels of 12 nucleotides in mammalian cells treated with antibiotic antitumor drugs(daunorubicin,epirubicin and dactinomycin D).Through the use of this targeted metabolomics approach to find potential biomarkers,UTP and ATP were verified to be the most appropriate biomarkers.Moreover,a holistic statistical approach was put forward to develop a model which could distinguish 4 categories of drugs with different mechanisms of action.This model can be further validated by evaluating drugs with different mechanismsof action.This targeted metabolomics study may provide a novel approach to predict the mechanism of action of antitumor drugs.
文摘热休克蛋白A6(heat shock 70-kDa protein 6,HSPA6)属于HSP70家族,在哺乳动物谱系中部分保守的可诱导的70-kD蛋白。HSPA6基因位于人类染色体1q23.3上,包含两个重要结构领域:N末端的核苷酸结合域(NBD)和C末端的底物结合域(SBD)。目前研究发现HSPA6对肿瘤的发生、发展既有抑制作用,也有促进作用,在非肿瘤疾病的罹患中也扮演着多种重要角色。HSPA6已日渐成为研究的热点,但其作用机制仍未明确。本文对HSPA6蛋白的结构、表达、功能及其在肿瘤中的研究进展、可能的作用机制及未来展望作一概述。
文摘恶性肿瘤是目前严重威胁人类健康和生命的疾病之一,相关报道显示,恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率呈现逐年增加的趋势。临床上放疗和化疗是癌症的主流治疗方法,这种治疗往往伴随着严重的不良反应,给患者带来不可逆的损伤,严重影响了患者治疗后的生活质量。因此寻找新型安全有效的抗肿瘤药物迫在眉睫,中药抗肿瘤治疗因其不良反应小、相对安全性高、抑制作用持久等优点获得了广泛关注。随着近年来医学科研水平的快速发展,越来越多的抗肿瘤化学成分从中药里被提取出来。桑黄作为一种名贵中药材,其化学成分主要包括多糖、黄酮、三萜、多酚等物质,具有抗炎、降血糖、保肝、抗肿瘤等药理作用。研究表明桑黄的化学成分对肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、黑色素瘤等多种恶性肿瘤细胞显示出抗肿瘤活性,通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞转移、诱导肿瘤细胞自噬、抑制肿瘤血管生成和免疫调节发挥抗肿瘤作用,此外还可以通过联合放化疗增效减毒、增敏辅助治疗恶性肿瘤。基于中国知网、Web of Science、Pubmed、谷歌学术等数据库,以“桑黄、化学成分、抗肿瘤”等关键词检索近几年的相关文献,通过对桑黄的化学成分及其抗肿瘤作用机制进行分析总结,为其进一步开发和临床应用提供思路和理论基础。
