Mitochondrial targeting sequence of magnetoreceptor MagR:More than just targeting

Iron-sulfur clusters(ISC)are essential cofactors for proteins involved in various biological processes,such as electron transport,biosynthetic reactions,DNA repair,and gene expression regulation.ISC assembly protein IscA1(or MagR)is found within the mitochondria of most eukaryotes.Magnetoreceptor(MagR)is a highly conserved A-type iron and iron-sulfur cluster-binding protein,characterized by two distinct types of iron-sulfur clusters,[2Fe-2S]and[3Fe-4S],each conferring unique magnetic properties.MagR forms a rod-like polymer structure in complex with photoreceptive cryptochrome(Cry)and serves as a putative magnetoreceptor for retrieving geomagnetic information in animal navigation.Although the N-terminal sequences of MagR vary among species,their specific function remains unknown.In the present study,we found that the N-terminal sequences of pigeon MagR,previously thought to serve as a mitochondrial targeting signal(MTS),were not cleaved following mitochondrial entry but instead modulated the efficiency with which iron-sulfur clusters and irons are bound.Moreover,the N-terminal region of MagR was required for the formation of a stable MagR/Cry complex.Thus,the N-terminal sequences in pigeon MagR fulfil more important functional roles than just mitochondrial targeting.These results further extend our understanding of the function of MagR and provide new insights into the origin of magnetoreception from an evolutionary perspective.

Precision targeting in hepatocellular carcinoma:Exploring ligandreceptor mediated nanotherapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer and poses a major challenge to global health due to its high morbidity and mortality.Conventional chemotherapy is usually targeted to patients with intermediate to advanced stages,but it is often ineffective and suffers from problems such as multidrug resistance,rapid drug clearance,nonspecific targeting,high side effects,and low drug accumulation in tumor cells.In response to these limitations,recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated targeted drug delivery technologies have emerged as breakthrough approaches for the treatment of HCC.This review focuses on recent advances in nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems,with special attention to various receptors overexpressed on HCC cells.These receptors are key to enhancing the specificity and efficacy of nanoparticle delivery and represent a new paradigm for actively targeting and combating HCC.We comprehensively summarize the current understanding of these receptors,their role in nanoparticle targeting,and the impact of such targeted therapies on HCC.By gaining a deeper understanding of the receptor-mediated mechanisms of these innovative therapies,more effective and precise treatment of HCC can be achieved.

The functions of exosomes targeting astrocytes and astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system;they participate in crucial biological processes,maintain brain structure,and regulate nervous system function.Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing various bioactive molecules including proteins,peptides,nucleotides,and lipids secreted from their cellular sources.Increasing evidence shows that exosomes participate in a communication network in the nervous system,in which astrocyte-derived exosomes play important roles.In this review,we have summarized the effects of exosomes targeting astrocytes and the astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types in the central nervous system.We also discuss the potential research directions of the exosome-based communication network in the nervous system.The exosome-based intercellular communication focused on astrocytes is of great significance to the biological and/or pathological processes in different conditions in the brain.New strategies may be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on astrocytes as the central cells and utilizing exosomes as communication mediators.

Multi-Scale Approach for Gold Targeting in Côte d’Ivoire Paleoproterozoic Rocks

The aim of this study is to contribute to better targeting of gold prospecting areas using geospatial information. To this end, 3 mining sites were selected for the study. They are: the Sénoufo belt (Barrick Gold mine), the Yaouré complex (Perseus Mining mine) and the South Fetêkro belt (Bonikro, Hiré and Agbaou mines). For this study, a multi-scale approach was carried out at regional, mine and microscopic levels. At the regional scale, a comparative analysis of 1:200,000 scale geological maps revealed that 3 main lithologies are regularly repeated on and around the various mining sites. These are: undifferentiated volcanics, metagranodiorites and metasiltites dominated by meta-arenites. Most of these lithologies are affected by undifferentiated faults generally oriented NE-SW, N-S, ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE. In addition, gold and manganese occurrences are present on all the sites studied. At the mine scale, radarsat-1 images processing indicate that the main mining sites are generally located near or at the intersection of lineaments-oriented NE-SW or N-S on the one hand and E-W or ENE-WSW or WNW-ESE or again NW-SE on the other. These mines are also located at the interface between zones of high and low lineament density. At the microscopic scale, petrographic studies of undifferentiated volcanic samples from the various sites indicate that they consist of andesites, meta-andesites and tuffs.

Targeting therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma by delivering microRNAs as exosomal cargo

Exosomes,the smallest extracellular vesicles,have gained significant attention as key mediators in intercellular communication,influencing both physiological and pathological processes,particularly in cancer progression.A recent review article by Wang et al was published in a timely manner to stimulate future research and facilitate practical developments for targeted treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using exosomes,with a focus on the origin from which exosomes derive.If information about the mechanisms for delivering exosomes to specific cells is incorporated,the concept of targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using exosomes could be more comprehensively understood.

Enhanced Precision Therapy of Multiple Myeloma Through Engineered Biomimetic Nanoparticles with Dual Targeting

Multiple myeloma(MM)is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy.Current MM treatment strategies are hampered by systemic toxicity and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy.This study addressed these limitations through the development of a potent MM-targeting chemotherapy strategy,which capitalized on the high binding affinity of alendronate for hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix and the homologous targeting of myeloma cell membranes,termed T-PB@M.The results from our investigations highlight the considerable bone affinity of T-PB@M,both in vitro and in vivo.Additionally,this material demonstrated a capability for drug release triggered by low pH conditions.Moreover,T-PB@M induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and triggered cell apoptosis through the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1(PARP1)-Caspase-3-B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)pathway in MM cells.Notably,T-PB@M preferentially targeted bone-involved sites,thereby circumventing systemic toxic side effects and leading to prolonged survival of MM orthotopic mice.Therefore,this designed target-MM nanocarrier presents a promising and potentially effective platform for the precise treatment of MM.

Degradation of FAK-targeting by proteolytic targeting chimera technology to inhibit the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver cancer is a prevalent malignant cancer,ranking third in terms of mortality rate.Metastasis and recurrence primarily contribute to the high mortality rate of liver cancer.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has low expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK),which increases the risk of metastasis and recurrence.Nevertheless,the efficacy of FAK phosphorylation inhibitors is currently limited.Thus,investigating the mechanisms by which FAK affects HCC metastasis to develop targeted therapies for FAK may present a novel strategy to inhibit HCC metastasis.This study examined the correlation between FAK expression and the prognosis of HCC.Additionally,we explored the impact of FAK degradation on HCC metastasis through wound healing experiments,transwell invasion experiments,and a xenograft tumor model.The expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)was measured to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that FAK PROTAC can degrade FAK,inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro,and notably decrease the lung metastasis of HCC in vivo.Increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of vimentin indicated that EMT was inhibited.Consequently,degradation of FAK through FAK PROTAC effectively suppressed liver cancer metastasis,holding significant clinical implications for treating liver cancer and developing innovative anti-neoplastic drugs.

EGFR-TKIs治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的药物评价研究

目的:通过药品临床综合评价的方法,比较晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗药物(吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼、阿法替尼、达克替尼、奥希替尼)的临床综合价值,旨在为医院临床合理用药和目录准入决策提供参考。方法:参照卫健委《抗肿瘤药品临床综合评价技术指南》对6种晚期NSCLS治疗药品(吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼、阿法替尼、达克替尼、奥希替尼)进行药物经济性、适宜性和可及性评价。结果:6种EGFR-TKIs药物中奥希替尼以及通过一致性评价的带量采购药品阿法替尼、吉非替尼具有成本-效用优势。而在适宜性和可及性方面,6个品种的适宜性评价均为优,可及性方面部分医院和医保定点药店配备率不高。结论:(1)通过一致性评价的国家集采药品阿法替尼、吉非替尼药物经济学优势更高。(2)国谈纳入时间及国家集采对新型抗肿瘤药物的经济学优势、配备率和可及性有显著影响,医院和医保定点药店需提高EGFR-TKIs的配备率充分满足患者治疗需求。

EGFR-TKI单药与传统化疗方案治疗进展期NSCLC安全性的网状meta分析

目的对一至三代表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)与传统化疗方案治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的安全性进行比较,同时采用网状meta分析方法评价三代EGFR-TKI与一、二代之间的安全性。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数字化期刊全文数据库、维普数据库,检索时限均为从建库至2020年12月,搜集EGFR-TKI单药对比铂类为基础培美曲塞化疗方案的随机对照试验(RCT)。筛选文献、提取资料,并用Cochrane系统评价偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究的RCT进行偏倚风险评估,采用RevMan 5.3软件、STATA 15.1软件进行meta分析。结果meta分析结果显示,试验组(EGFR-TKI单药)、对照组(培美曲塞联合铂类)患者的腹泻[相对危险度(RR)=2.16,95%置信区间(CI)0.742~6.297,P>0.05]、便秘(RR=0.44,95%CI 0.187~1.039,P>0.05)发生率比较差异均无统计学意义。试验组白细胞减少发生率、中性粒细胞减少发生率、贫血发生率、血小板减少发生率、食欲不振发生率、恶心发生率均低于对照组(RR=0.21,95%CI 0.10~0.41,P<0.001;RR=0.21,95%CI 0.08~0.55,P<0.001;RR=0.26,95%CI 0.13~0.51,P<0.001;RR=0.39,95%CI 0.24~0.64,P<0.001;RR=0.39,95%CI 0.28~0.55,P<0.001;RR=0.30,95%CI 0.24~0.37,P<0.001);试验组皮疹发生率高于对照组(RR=9.63,95%CI 6.30~14.72,P<0.001)。对一至三代EGFR-TKI的不良反应进行网状meta分析结果显示,三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼组白细胞减少发生率要高于一、二代EGFR-TKI,贫血发生率与埃克替尼组相似,但高于吉非替尼组和阿法替尼组(均P<0.05)。结论一至三代EGFR-TKI的血液系统、消化系统不良反应发生率均低于传统化疗方案;三代EGFR-TKI与一、二代相比,在白细胞减少及贫血发生率方面各具优势。

某院非小细胞肺癌治疗中EGFR-TKI使用情况分析

目的 分析医院近三年表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)治疗中的使用情况,为临床安全合理用药提供参考。方法 应用限定日剂量(DDD)法回顾性统计分析2020~2022年医院EGFR-TKI的销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)、限定日费用(DDC)及排序比等情况。结果 三年来我院EGFR-TKI的总销售额和DDDs稳步增长,一代EGFR-TKI的销售额、DDDs和占比逐年走低,以奥希替尼为代表的三代EGFR-TKI同期指标大幅上升,且排序比同步性良好。结论 我院近三年EGFR-TKI使用较为合理,其用药趋势与文献报道的情况基本相符,但仍需加强医保适应症审批制度,确保临床用药的安全、经济和有效。

Targeting triple-negative breast cancer:A clinical perspective

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a disease with often an aggressive course and a poor prognosis compared to other subtypes of breast cancer.TNBC accounts for approximately 10%–15%of all diagnosed breast cancer cases and represents a high unmet need in the field.Up to just a few years ago,chemotherapy was the only systemic treatment option for this subtype(1).To date,TNBC is considered a heterogeneous disease.One of the existing classifications is based on the analysis of mRNA expression in 587 TNBC cases,in which Lehman et al.proposed six subtypes of TNBC as follows:two basal-like(BL1 and BL2)subtypes,a mesenchymal(M)subtype,a mesenchymal stem-like(MSL)subtype,an immunomodulatory(IM)subtype,and a luminal androgen receptor(LAR)subtype(2).Later studies have demonstrated that the IM and MSL subtypes do not correlate with independent subtypes but reflect background expression by dense infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)or stromal cells.According to this finding,the classification of TNBC has been revised into the following four subtypes:basal 1,basal 2,LAR,and mesenchymal subtypes(3).Over the last years,several new strategies have been investigated for the treatment of patients with TNBC.Among them,immunotherapy,antibody drug conjugates,new chemotherapy agents,and targeted therapy have been and are currently being developed.The present article aims to provide an updated overview on the different treatment options that are now available or are still under investigation for patients with TNBC.

Molecular mechanisms targeting drug-resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer:Updates and beyond

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most diagnosed malignancy and a major leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Despite advances in therapeutic regimens,the number of patients presenting with metastatic CRC(mCRC)is increasing due to resistance to therapy,conferred by a small population of cancer cells,known as cancer stem cells.Targeted therapies have been highly successful in prolonging the overall survival of patients with mCRC.Agents are being developed to target key molecules involved in drug-resistance and metastasis of CRC,and these include vascular endothelial growth factor,epidermal growth factor receptor,human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase,in addition to immune checkpoints.Currently,there are several ongoing clinical trials of newly developed targeted agents,which have shown considerable clinical efficacy and have improved the prognosis of patients who do not benefit from conventional chemotherapy.In this review,we highlight recent developments in the use of existing and novel targeted agents against drug-resistant CRC and mCRC.Furthermore,we discuss limitations and challenges associated with targeted therapy and strategies to combat intrinsic and acquired resistance to these therapies,in addition to the importance of implementing better preclinical models and the application of personalized therapy based on predictive biomarkers for treatment selection.

Selective ischemic-hemisphere targeting Ginkgolide B liposomes with improved solubility and therapeutic efficacy for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CI/RI)remains the main cause of disability and death in stroke patients due to lack of effective therapeutic strategies.One of the main issues related to CI/RI treatment is the presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),which affects the intracerebral delivery of drugs.Ginkgolide B(GB),a major bioactive component in commercially available products of Ginkgo biloba,has been shown significance in CI/RI treatment by regulating inflammatory pathways,oxidative damage,and metabolic disturbance,and seems to be a candidate for stroke recovery.However,limited by its poor hydrophilicity and lipophilicity,the development of GB preparations with good solubility,stability,and the ability to cross the BBB remains a challenge.Herein,we propose a combinatorial strategy by conjugating GB with highly lipophilic docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)to obtain a covalent complex GB-DHA,which can not only enhance the pharmacological effect of GB,but can also be encapsulated in liposomes stably.The amount of finally constructed Lipo@GB-DHA targeting to ischemic hemisphere was validated 2.2 times that of free solution in middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rats.Compared to the marketed ginkgolide injection,Lipo@GB-DHA significantly reduced infarct volume with better neurobehavioral recovery in MCAO rats after being intravenously administered both at 2 h and 6 h post-reperfusion.Low levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and high neuron survival in vitro was maintained via Lipo@GB-DHA treatment,while microglia in the ischemic brain were polarized from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the tissue-repairing M2 phenotype,which modulate neuroinflammatory and angiogenesis.In addition,Lipo@GB-DHA inhibited neuronal apoptosis via regulating the apoptotic pathway and maintained homeostasis by activating the autophagy pathway.Thus,transforming GB into a lipophilic complex and loading it into liposomes provides a promising nanomedicine strategy with excellent CI/RI therapeutic efficacy and industrialization prospects.

EGFR-TKI联合安罗替尼用于晚期EGFR突变非小细胞肺癌患者TKI缓慢进展后的疗效与安全性

背景与目的靶向治疗是晚期表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的标准治疗方案,但酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)治疗后不可避免会出现耐药。本研究旨在探索真实世界中EGFR-TKI联合小分子多靶点抗血管生成药物安罗替尼治疗TKI缓慢进展的晚期EGFR敏感突变NSCLC患者的疗效与安全性。方法将自2019年8月至2022年5月就诊于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院的晚期EGFR敏感突变NSCLC患者纳入本研究,回顾性分析了病例资料和随访数据。缓慢进展定义为:(1)EGFR-TKI对疾病的控制时间≥6个月;(2)原有的肿瘤病灶略有增大,或出现1–2处新的非靶病灶;(3)无症状或症状无变化。进展后生存时间(post-progression survival,PPS)定义为从再挑战TKI和安罗替尼联合治疗开始时间至进展或出现任何原因死亡的时间间隔;客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)定义为完全缓解(completer response,CR)和部分缓解(progression disease,PR)率的总和,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)定义为CR率、PR率和疾病稳定(stable disease,SD)率的总和。结果共有20例患者在接受TKI治疗出现缓慢进展后,继续TKI治疗同时接受安罗替尼治疗。在中位随访时间9.7个月后,共有13(65.0%)例患者经TKI联合安罗替尼治疗后再进展,6(30.0%)例患者死亡,未达到中位总生存时间(overall survival,OS),中位PPS为6.5个月(95%可置信区间:3.799–9.281),分别有1(5.0%)例患者达到PR,16(80.0%)例达SD,另外3(15.0%)例最佳疗效为疾病进展(progression disease,PD)。ORR为5.0%,DCR为85.0%。50.0%的患者出现各级治疗相关不良反应,其中发生率最高的为胃肠道反应(8/20,40.0%)。3级及以上的不良反应发生率为20.0%,包括3级乏力、呼吸困难、脑血管事件及腹泻。导致停药的不良反应共4(20.0%)例,包括1(5.0%)例3级腹泻、1(5.0%)例3级乏力和2级呼吸困难、1(5.0%)例3级脑血管血栓栓塞,以及1(5.0%)例2级口腔内出血。结论在晚期EGFR敏感突变的NSCLC患者中,EGFR-TKI治疗出现缓慢进展后,继续TKI联合安罗替尼有一定的可行性,尤其对于三代TKI治疗的患者可能疗效更佳,并且耐受性尚可。

EGFR突变的晚期肺腺癌患者EGFR-TKIs治疗过程中脑转移的危险因素分析

目的 评估表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变的晚期肺腺癌患者酷氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)治疗过程中脑转移的危险因素研究,为临床诊治提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月收治的134例EGFR突变晚期肺腺癌患者的临床资料,均随访至2023年4月30日。用Kaplan-Meier法计算脑转移的累积发病率,用多因素Cox回归分析脑转移的独立危险因素。结果 34例患者(25.4%)在EGFR-TKIs治疗过程中发生脑转移。多因素分析显示年龄≤53岁(HR:2.751,95%CI:1.326~5.707;P=0.007)、血清癌胚抗原≥23 ng/mL(HR:3.197,95%CI:1.512~6.758;P=0.002)和EGFR21外显子突变(HR:2.769,95%CI:1.355~5.659;P=0.005)是发生脑转移的独立高危因素。结论 EGFR突变的晚期肺腺癌患者EGFR-TKIs治疗过程中脑转移的危险因素较多,临床上值得注意。

High-speed penetration of ogive-nose projectiles into thick concrete targets:Tests and a projectile nose evolution model

The majority of the projectiles used in the hypersonic penetration study are solid flat-nosed cylindrical projectiles with a diameter of less than 20 mm.This study aims to fill the gap in the experimental and analytical study of the evolution of the nose shape of larger hollow projectiles under hypersonic penetration.In the hypersonic penetration test,eight ogive-nose AerMet100 steel projectiles with a diameter of 40 mm were launched to hit concrete targets with impact velocities that ranged from 1351 to 1877 m/s.Severe erosion of the projectiles was observed during high-speed penetration of heterogeneous targets,and apparent localized mushrooming occurred in the front nose of recovered projectiles.By examining the damage to projectiles,a linear relationship was found between the relative length reduction rate and the initial kinetic energy of projectiles in different penetration tests.Furthermore,microscopic analysis revealed the forming mechanism of the localized mushrooming phenomenon for eroding penetration,i.e.,material spall erosion abrasion mechanism,material flow and redistribution abrasion mechanism and localized radial upsetting deformation mechanism.Finally,a model of highspeed penetration that included erosion was established on the basis of a model of the evolution of the projectile nose that considers radial upsetting;the model was validated by test data from the literature and the present study.Depending upon the impact velocity,v0,the projectile nose may behave as undistorted,radially distorted or hemispherical.Due to the effects of abrasion of the projectile and enhancement of radial upsetting on the duration and amplitude of the secondary rising segment in the pulse shape of projectile deceleration,the predicted DOP had an upper limit.

Real-time Rescue Target Detection Based on UAV Imagery for Flood Emergency Response

Timely acquisition of rescue target information is critical for emergency response after a flood disaster.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)equipped with remote sensing capabilities offer distinct advantages,including high-resolution imagery and exceptional mobility,making them well suited for monitoring flood extent and identifying rescue targets during floods.However,there are some challenges in interpreting rescue information in real time from flood images captured by UAVs,such as the complexity of the scenarios of UAV images,the lack of flood rescue target detection datasets and the limited real-time processing capabilities of the airborne on-board platform.Thus,we propose a real-time rescue target detection method for UAVs that is capable of efficiently delineating flood extent and identifying rescue targets(i.e.,pedestrians and vehicles trapped by floods).The proposed method achieves real-time rescue information extraction for UAV platforms by lightweight processing and fusion of flood extent extraction model and target detection model.The flood inundation range is extracted by the proposed method in real time and detects targets such as people and vehicles to be rescued based on this layer.Our experimental results demonstrate that the Intersection over Union(IoU)for flood water extraction reaches an impressive 80%,and the IoU for real-time flood water extraction stands at a commendable 76.4%.The information on flood stricken targets extracted by this method in real time can be used for flood emergency rescue.

Colon cancer and their targeting approaches through nanocarriers:A review

Colon cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in the world.Colon cancer develops when healthy cells in the lining of the colon or rectum alter and grow uncontrollably to form a mass known as a tumor.Despite major medical improvements,colon cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally.One of the main issues of chemotherapy is toxicity related to conventional medicines.The targeted delivery systems are considered the safest and most effective by increasing the concentration of a therapeutic substance at the tumor site while decreasing it at other organs.Therefore,these delivery systems required lower doses for high therapeutic value with minimum side effects.The current review focuses on targeting therapeutic substances at the desired site using nanocarriers.Additionally,the diagnostic applications of nanocarriers in colorectal cancer are also discussed.

上皮间质转化在NCI-H1975肺腺癌细胞三代EGFR-TKI奥西替尼获得性耐药中的机制研究

目的 探究上皮间质转化(EMT)在NCI-H1975肺腺癌细胞三代表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)奥西替尼获得性耐药中的机制。方法 选取人肺腺癌细胞株NCI-H1975作为实验细胞,采用体外浓度递增的方式诱导建立第三代EGFR-TKI奥西替尼耐药株NCI-H1975OR。使用CCK8法测定增殖能力,使用AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染法测定凋亡能力,使用划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验测定迁移及侵袭能力,并使用Western Blot法测定不同细胞株EMT相关分子蛋白表达差异。结果 随着奥西替尼药物浓度的增加,两种细胞株的存活率均下降,且在同一药物浓度下,亲本NCI-H1975较耐药株NCI-H1975OR存活数少,亲本NCI-H1975 IC_(50)为(11.24±1.15)nmol/L,耐药株NCI-H1975OR IC_(50)为(5.73±0.75)nmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与NCI-H1975组相比,NCI-H1975OR组具有较高的增殖能力(P<0.05)。划痕实验结果显示,在同一时间节点,NCI-H1975OR组较NCI-H1975组划痕两边距离更短;Transwell侵袭实验显示,在同一时间节点,NCI-H1975OR组穿过小室的细胞较NCI-H1975组多。NCI-H1975OR组Vimentin、N-cadherin、Snail、Twist等蛋白表达水平较NCI-H1975组高(P<0.05),E-cadherin蛋白表达水平较NCI-H1975组低(P<0.05)。NF-κB、Wnt/β-catenin等信号通路的关键因子在NCI-H1975OR组中的表达水平较NCI-H1975组高(P<0.05),AKT信号通路的关键因子NCI-H1975OR组中的表达水平较NCI-H1975组低(P<0.05)。结论 EMT可能参与了NCI-H1975肺腺癌细胞三代EGFR-TKI奥西替尼获得性耐药的过程,该机制可能与AKT、NF-κB、Wnt/β-catenin等信号通路的调控有关。

Mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage:a new target for therapeutic intervention

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae.However,there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage,unlike for other stroke subtypes.Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy likely relate to the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage.Mitophagy,or selective autophagy of mitochondria,is an essential pathway to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing up damaged mitochondria.Mitophagy markedly contributes to the reduction of secondary brain injury caused by mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms regarding how mitophagy regulates it,and discusses the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for intracerebral hemorrhage,aiming to determine the close connection between mitophagy and intracerebral hemorrhage and identify new therapies to modulate mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage.In conclusion,although only a small number of drugs modulating mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage have been found thus far,most of which are in the preclinical stage and require further investigation,mitophagy is still a very valid and promising therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the long run.