STUDY ON INJECTION AND IGNITION CONTROL OF GASOLINE ENGINE BASED ON BP NEURAL NETWORK

According to advantages of neural network and characteristics of operatingprocedures of engine, a new strategy is represented on the control of fuel injection and ignitiontiming of gasoline engine based on improved BP network algorithm. The optimum ignition advance angleand fuel injection pulse band of engine under different speed and load are tested for the samplestraining network, focusing on the study of the design method and procedure of BP neural network inengine injection and ignition control. The results show that artificial neural network technique canmeet the requirement of engine injection and ignition control. The method is feasible for improvingpower performance, economy and emission performances of gasoline engine.

COMPOSITIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM OF GASOLINE VEHICLE

The working principle of a kind of compositive emission control system is inquired into, which includes exhaust heater, secondary air supplement, exhaust gas recirculation （EGR）, thermal reactor and catalytic converter, etc. The purification effect of CO, HC and NOx emission of the gasoline spark ignite （S.I.） engine is studied. The entire vehicle driving cycle tests based on the national emission standard and a series of the gasoline engine-testing bench tests including full load characteristic experiment, load characteristic experiment and idle speed experiment are done. The results show that the system has a very good emission control effect to CO, HC and NOx of gasoline engine. The construction of the system is very simple and can be mounted on the exhaust pipe conveniently without any alteration of the vehicle-use gasoline engine.

Auto-Ignition and Heat Release Correlations for Controlled Auto-Ignition Combustion in Gasoline Engines

Auto-ignition and heat release correlations for controlled auto-ignition(CAI)combustion were derived from extensive in-cylinder pressure data of a four-stroke gasoline engine operating in CAI combustion mode.Abundant experiments were carried out under a wide range of air/fuel ratio,speed and residual gas fraction to ensure that the combustion correlations can be used in the entire CAI engine operation range.Furthermore,a more accurate method to compute the residual gas fraction was proposed by calculating the working fluid temperature at the exhaust valve close timing in the experiments.The heat release correlation was described in two parts,one is for the first slower heat release process at low temperature,and the other is for the second faster heat release process at high temperature.Finally the heat release correlation was evaluated on the single cylinder gasoline engine running with CAI combustion by comparing the experimental data with the 1-D engine simulation results obtained with the aid of the GT-Power simulation program.The results show that the predicted loads and ignition timings match closely with the measurements.

废气入射管道参数对缸内EGR分层的影响

为了在某款摩托车汽油机缸内实现废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)分层以减少泵气损失,降低NOx排放,将原有的进气旁通系统改造为EGR系统,使用GT-POWER模型求解出3000 r/min、60 mg进气量工况下废气入射管道以及进排气道的边界条件和初始条件,并将这些条件导入发动机的CONVERGE模型中进行计算,通过对比不同废气入射管径、不同安装角度、不同安装距离条件下的缸内流动特性、缸内速度场以及缸内废气质量分数分布,确定了最佳废气入射管道参数。结果表明:在3000 r/min、60 mg进气量工况下,当废气入射管径为5 mm,入射角度为17.5°,安装距离为22 mm时,气缸内能实现EGR分层。

Real-time Control Oriented HCCI Engine Cycle-to-cycle Dynamic Modelling

For homogeneous charge compression ignition （HCCI） combustion, the auto-ignition process is very sensitive to in-cylinder conditions, including in-cylinder temperature, in-cylinder components and concentrations. Therefore, accurate control is required for reliable and efficient HCCI combustion. This paper outlines a simplified gasoline-fueled HCCI engine model implemented in Simulink environment. The model is able to run in real-time and with fixed simulation steps with the aim of cycle-to-cycle control and hardware- in-the-loop simulation. With the aim of controlling the desired amount of the trapped exhaust gas recirculation （EGR） from the previous cycle, the phase of the intake and exhaust valves and the respective profiles are designed to vary in this model. The model is able to anticipate the auto-ignition timing and the in-cylinder pressure and temperature. The validation has been conducted using a comparison of the experimental results on Ricardo Hydro engine published in a research by Tianjin University and a JAGUAR V6 HCCI test engine at the University of Birmingham. The comparison shows the typical HCCI combustion and a fair agreement between the simulation and experimental results.

满足国六排放法规的EGR系统诊断

EGR技术作为一种有效降低NOx排放的方法而得到广泛应用,EGR系统能否正常工作直接影响发动机的排放效果。国六法规要求,OBD(车载诊断系统)需要对EGR系统的相关失效进行监测。本文介绍了满足国六法规要求的EGR系统诊断功能及其原理,为发动机电控系统诊断策略开发提供参考。

Responsiveness Improvement of Idling Speed Control for Automotive Using SMC

To improve the responsiveness of engine speed control to disturbances, robust controls were investigated by simulation. The intake air control system of a gasoline engine is a typical nonlinear system, and the disturbances and parameter perturbations are generally regarded as being the unstable factors with regard to engine control. In this paper, a Mean-Value Engine Model (MVEM) with disturbances and parameter perturbations is investigated using Sliding Mode Control (SMC), which is a form of variable structure control, with a view to address instability in the idle speed control process. The simulation results confirmed that, compared with a conventional PI (Proportional-Integral) controller, the stability of the idle speed for an engine that is being subjected to disturbances, parameter variations and background noise is greatly improved by the application of SMC.

Framework for fault-tolerant speed tracking control of gasoline engines using the first principle-based engine model

Optimal engine torque management,a fundamental objective,depends predominantly on engine speed tracking performance.It ensures to attain desired speed profile in the presence of uncertainties,disturbances and malfunctions.On the other hand,certain requirements such as emissions control,fuel efficiency and drivability are degraded in case of poorspeed tracking.Furthermore,constraints on engine speed tracking performance are even more stringent for hybrid power-train architecture as crankshaft speed and engine torque are the basic variables for coordinated control.Speed tracking is also considered essential for gearshift control ofthe automatic transmission.In this research work,a framework for fault-tolerant speed tracking of the gasoline engine is proposed using the First Principle-based Engine Model(FPEM).A high-fidelity direct relationship between fuel injection input and engine speed is derived by the transformation of FPEM.Fault is induced in the fuel injection subsystem to generate the torque imbalance.Using the proposed framework,a second-order sliding mode-based control technique is applied to track desired speed profile by mitigating the faultsin the fuel injection subsystem.Reference data acquired from the engine test rig is used to demonstrate the offline validity and fault tolerance capabilities of the proposed framework in MATLAB/Simulink.

不同EGR闭环控制方式应用研究

基于不同废气再循环(exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)闭环控制方式的测量原理和控制策略,通过台架试验,对比稳态新鲜空气测量精度和瞬态排放,分析不同控制方式的控制精度及瞬态排放差异。结果表明:基于新鲜空气量和EGR率的2种闭环控制方式精度均较高,新鲜空气测量相对偏差分别小于±3%、±5%;基于废气氧浓度的闭环控制在低负荷区域的测量相对偏差最大达-10%;基于新鲜空气量的闭环控制在瞬态测试循环中EGR阀关闭速率快,NO x排放出现峰值;基于文丘里流量计的EGR率闭环控制可以有效兼顾新鲜空气和EGR废气流量,在满足柴油机动力性的同时有效控制排放污染物。

稀燃和EGR对汽油发动机热效率影响的试验研究

在一台4缸2.0 L汽油发动机上试验研究过量空气系数、有效压缩比、废气再循环(exhaust gas recircu-lation, EGR)率对发动机油耗和热效率的影响。结果表明:采用稀燃可以提高发动机热效率,过量空气系数由1.0增大到1.6,发动机热效率提高约5.7%,但继续增大稀释程度将导致油耗增加、热效率降低;当有效压缩比为12.7时,发动机热效率最大,为44.1%,进一步增大压缩比产生爆震,需要推迟点火时刻,导致燃烧持续期增加、发动机热效率降低;EGR率为4.6%时,发动机热效率最大,为44.4%,EGR率较大导致燃烧不稳定,出现发动机失火等问题。

Nonlinear observer-based control design and experimental validation for gasoline engines with EGR

This paper presents a nonlinear observer-based control design approach for gasoline engines equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. A mean value engine model is designed for control which includes both the in take manifold and exhaust manifold dynamic focused on gas mass flows. Then, the nonlinear feedback controller based on the developed model is designed for the state tracking control, and the stability of the close loop system is guaranteed by a constructed Lyapunov function. Since the exhaust manifold pressure is usually unmeasurable in the production engines, a nonlinear observer-based feedback controller is proposed by using standard sensors equipped on the engine, and the asymptotic stability of the both observer dynamic system and control dynamic system are guaranteed with Lyapunov design assisted by the detail analysis of the model. The experimental validations show that the observer-based nonlinear feedback controller is able to regulate the in take pressure and exhaust pressure state to the desired values during both the steady-state and transient conditions quickly by only using the standard sensors.

冷EGR温度对车用柴油机排放影响的试验

为了得到冷却的废气再循环(EGR)技术对车用柴油机排放性能的影响,通过工况试验法研究了各工况下EGR温度对柴油机氮氧化物、碳氢化物、碳氧化物和烟度的排放量以及油耗率的影响,并由此得出柴油机各工况下的最佳EGR温度。试验表明,与热EGR相比,冷EGR能够明显降低氮氧化物和烟度的排放,同时能够降低油耗率,提高柴油机的经济性,效果良好。

柴油机EGR电控冷却系统试验研究

研究了CA498柴油机在不同工况下EGR冷却温度对NOx等排放的影响规律,确定了各个工况下EGR的最佳冷却温度,据此设计出一套EGR冷却温度控制装置,可以通过单片机控制伺服电动水泵的转速来调节冷却水的循环量,确保不同工况下的最佳EGR冷却温度。将该电控冷却系统在CA498柴油机上进行了试验。结果表明,与未冷却的EGR系统相比,该EGR电控冷却系统在CO和HC的排放略有增加的情况下,可以有效地降低NOx的排放、烟度和油耗率。

具有自动控制功能的柴油机EGR系统的研制

研究了与柴油机匹配的电控废气再循环系统,进行了电控EGR系统中的部分硬件、硬件电路设计和软件的编写,EGR的实现方式和EGR系统与柴油机匹配的问题。试验用柴油机在使用了自行设计的电控EGR系统后,实现了整个转速、负荷范围内EGR率的自动控制。13工况排放测试结果表明:采用EGR系统,NOx排放降低26.7%、微粒总量和HC排放几乎不变、CO排放上升15.5%。

增压直喷柴油机EGR控制系统设计

介绍了自行设计的增压直喷柴油机EGR率控制装置 ,试验研究了不同EGR率对发动机各工况性能和排放的影响规律 ,为满足欧Ⅱ标准确定了各个工况的最佳EGR率。以此为基础 ,设计了EGR电控系统 ,并用于柴油机的实际控制。试验结果表明 ,使用设计的EGR电控系统后 ,大大降低了该柴油机的氮氧化物排放 ,使 1

外部EGR对HCCI汽油机拓展运行范围的影响

在Ricardo Hydra单缸四冲程发动机上,通过将外部废气再循环引入到使用全可变气门运动机构实现的基于内部废气重压缩策略的HCCI燃烧过程中,研究外部废气对HCCI燃烧的影响规律.在相同的气门参数下,外部废气可以推迟着火时刻,延长燃烧持续期,降低发动机的最大爆发压力和最大压力升高率.将外部废气再循环应用于原HCCI燃烧范围的上边界,可以有效避免限制发动机大负荷的爆震现象.结合气门参数的灵活调整,使用越多的外部废气可以得到越大的负荷,但是,当外部废气率增大到一定程度,出现失火的现象,限制负荷范围的进一步拓展.在不同的转速下,引入外部废气再循环的方法可以将基于内部废气重压缩策略HCCI发动机的负荷范围向大负荷方向平均拓展30%左右.

柴油机EGR系统的应用技术分析

介绍了柴油机废气再循环(EGR)系统的技术原理和控制方法,结合自行设计的ECR电控系统作了试验研究,并分析了EGR系统的改进方法及在重型增压柴油机上应用。

采用进气门二次开启控制策略实现内部EGR的研究

本文中提出了一种应用电磁驱动配气机构,通过单进气门二次开启来实现发动机内部废气再循环以降低汽油机NO x排放的技术方案,并进行了建模与仿真分析。结果表明,在车用发动机工作的中低转速、部分负荷的典型工况下,在一定的EGR率范围内,采用该方案可使发动机的NO x排放和燃油经济性均比应用凸轮轴可变配气机构的原机有明显改善。

基于1D/3D耦合仿真的汽油机EGR均匀性优化

基于某4缸带外部废气再循环(exhaust gas recycle,EGR)功能的自然吸气汽油机,采用1D热力学和3DCFD耦合仿真的方法研究了部分负荷工况各缸EGR分配的均匀性,并在性能台架上研究了EGR分配不均对各缸燃烧速度的影响。研究结果表明:缸内实际EGR均匀性不仅与EGR系统设计有关,同时也受到各缸进气的均匀性的影响;EGR的不合理分配会导致各缸燃烧速率不均,继而增大燃烧循环波动率。基于所建立的1D/3D耦合分析方法,对EGR分配孔板结构进行了详细仿真优化,EGR分配均匀性得到显著改善。在随后的试验中,各缸燃烧一致性明显改善。

YC4112Z_LQ柴油机电控EGR系统的研究

为了降低柴油机的氮氧化物排放,对YC4112ZLQ增压中冷柴油机进行了电控废气再循环(EGR)技术的研究。试验研究了不同EGR率对发动机各个工况下性能和排放的影响规律,据此针对欧洲Ⅱ号标准优选出了各个工况下的最佳EGR率,并对最佳EGR率下的控制参数进行了电控标定。利用标定结果,设计了一套电子控制系统,用于该柴油机的实际运行。试验结果表明,与原机相比,加入EGR以后,在微粒排放略有增加的情况下,NOx排放下降12.9%,使13工况排放全面达到欧洲Ⅱ号标准的要求。