Effect of Radiative Forcing on Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Elaeocarpus glabripetalus Merr.

[Objective] This study aimed to reveal the impact of radiative forcing on the woody plants in subtropical regions of China through the study on the effect of radiative forcing on growth and photosynthetic responses of Elaecarpus glabripetalus Merr. seedlings. [Method] Three gradients of radiative forcing treatments were applied to the species namely, control group （100% natural light）, weak radiative forcing group （39% natural light） and strong radiative forcing group （16% natural light）. The relative contents of chlorophyll, photosynthetic parameters of E. glabripetalus in different periods were measured to analyze the effects of different gradients of radiative forcing on plant height, ground diameter, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, light response cure parameters. [Result] The increased ground diameter of E. glabripetalus in different treatments was the control weak radiative forcing group strong radiative forcing group; the increased plant height in the early period was strong radiative forcing group weak radiative forcing group control, but there was no significant difference during the late period; the relative content of chlorophyll was strong radiative forcing group weak radiative forcing group control. The light compensation point （LCP）, light saturation point （LSP） and the maximum net photosynthetic rate （A max ） were reduced in radiative forcing treatments. The stomatal conductance （G s ）, transpiration rate （Tr） of E. glabripetalus in strong radiative forcing group were significantly smaller than that in the control group, while there was no significant change in dark respiration rate （R d ） and apparent quantum yield （AQY）. [Conclusion] In summary, the radiative forcing can change the environmental factors which have significant effect on the ground diameter, plant height, relative content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic physiological parameters, but with the processing of treatment the effects on ground diameter and plant height increase are not significant in the late period, indicating that E. glabripetalus seedlings have some resistance and adaptability to the radiative forcing environment.

Heavy metal accumulation by panicled goldenrain tree(Koelreuteria paniculata) and common elaeocarpus(Elaeocarpus decipens) in abandoned mine soils in southern China

Phytoremediation can be used as a sustainable technology for mine spoil remediation to remove heavy metals. This study investigated the concentration of 7 heavy metal contamination in soil and plant samples at an abandoned mine site. We found that, after vegetation remediation at the abandoned mine site, the reduction rates for 7 heavy metals were in the range of 4.2%-86%, where reduction rates over 50% were achieved for four heavy metals （Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni）. Transfer coefficients of the panicled goldenrain tree （Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm） and the common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） for Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co were more than 1. Enrichment coefficients of both trees for Mn were higher than 1. Our results suggest that the panicled goldenrain tree and the common elaeocarpus tree may act as accumulators in remediation. Moreover, the woody vegetation remediation in abandoned mining areas play an important role in improving scenery besides removing heavy metal from contaminated soil.

Antioxidant compounds produced by Pseudocercospora sp.ESL 02,an endophytic fungus isolated from Elaeocarpus sylvestris

Objective: To isolate endophytic fungi from Elaeocarpus sylvestris(E. sylvestris) and to isolate antioxidant compounds from a potential source fungus.Methods: Endophytic fungi were isolated from fresh leaves and stems of E. sylvestris and identified based on DNA analysis. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the fungi. The potential antioxidant fungus was further studied to isolate antioxidant compounds. The isolated compounds were identified by melting point analysis, optical rotation, spectral analysis using a UV spectrophotometer, high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography analysis,~1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and b-carotene bleaching assays.Results: Seven endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from E. sylvestris and identified as Pestalotiopsis sp. EST 01, Pestalotiopsis sp. EST 02, Diaporthales sp. EST03, Meyerozyma sp. EST 04, Diaporthales sp. EST 05, Pestalotiopsis sp. ESL 01, and Pseudocercospora sp. ESL 02. Of the seven fungi, Pseudocercospora sp. ESL 02 had the highest antioxidant activity [IC50=(30.54 ± 0.88) mg/mL]. From that fungus, two compounds identified as terreic acid(1) and 6-methylsalicylic acid(2) were isolated with an IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging activity of(0.22 ± 0.02) mmol/L and(3.87 ± 0.27)mmol/L, respectively. The compounds also had good activities from the reducing power and b-carotene bleaching assays.Conclusions: The Pseudocercospora sp. ESL 02 fungus isolated from E. sylvestris looks promising as a novel source of terreic acid.

Chemical profiling of Elaeocarpus serratus L.by GC-MS

Objective:To determine the possible bioactive components of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Elaeocarpus serratus(E.serratus).Methods:The present research was carried out by using GC-MS analysis,while mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Wiley library.Results:Thirty components from leaves of the above said plant were identified.The active principles with their retention time,molecular formula,molecular weight and concentration(%)in the ethanol extracts of leaf of E.serratus are obtained.Conclusions:This is the first report of documentation of active constituents from leaves of E.serratus.The research reveals the potential of E.serratus leaves as a good source of bioactive compounds such as fatty acid esters,alcohols,hydrocarbons,aldehydes,alkenes,fatty acids and amides that justify the use of this plant for its various ailments by traditional practitioners.

Production of small molecules by an endophytic fungus,Neofusicoccum parvum from the fruits of Elaeocarpus serratus

Neofusicoccum parvum,an endophytic fungus isolated from Elaeocarpus serratus(Ceylon Olive;family Elaeocarpaceae),was grown for 3 weeks in potato dextrose broth.Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extracts from the culture filtrate and mycelium over silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative thin layer chromatography furnished(R)-7-hydroxymellein(1),(3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein(2),(3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein(3),(R)-5-hydroxymellein(4),(R)-mellein(5),(3R,4R)-4,7-dihydroxymellein(6),(6R,7S)-dia-asperlin(7),CJ-14445(8)and 13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-7-ene-19,6β:12,17-diolide(9).The structures of known compounds 1–9 were determined by spectroscopic methods and comparison with reported data.This is the first report of the isolation of an endophytic fungus from E.serratus,and the isolation of compounds 1,4,6,8 and 9 from N.parvum.It is important to note that compounds 1–7 are small molecules with an oxygen heterocyclic ring system.These compounds can be used as starting materials in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important large molecules with oxygen heterocyles.

Indian olive, Elaeocarpus floribundus fruits in combating MRSA infection

Objective: To explore the antibacterial activity of Elaeocarpus floribundus fruits aqueous extracts against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates. Methods: The fresh olive fruits were collected, dried and milled in order to prepare aqueous extracts of olive seed and olive mesocarp-epicarp. The extracts were tested against clinical isolates of MRSA by agar well diffusion method, and the diameter of inhibition zone was recorded, and antibacterial capacity of the extracts (AU/mL) was determined. Results: The MRSA isolates were sensitive to aqueous extract of olive mesocarp-epicarp with diameter of inhibition zone ranging from (11.670 ± 0.577) to (15.330 ± 0.577) mm;the olive aqueous seed extract had no anti-MRSA activity. The antibacterial capacity of the extracts against the tested MRSA isolates ranged from 733.33 to 800 AU/mL. Conclusions: The olive fruits can be used as a new source of plant based non-antibiotic biotherapeutic agents for the treatment of MRSA infection.

山杜英种子的休眠类型、休眠深度与萌发特性

山杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)种子直播发芽率低且发芽周期长,具有休眠性,本研究根据过去研究基础进行试验设计,测试4℃层积时间长度与种皮处理对山杜英种子发芽的影响,结果表明未经4℃层积种子发芽率为12.4%,随着4℃层积时间增加可提升发芽率,8周即可获得70%以上发芽率,14周以上发芽率下降;种皮测试结果显示种皮的物理结构不阻碍种子发芽,利用排除法判断山杜英种子属于浅度生理休眠。4℃层积时间加上发芽期,发芽时间约130 d,推测在自然环境下,山杜英种子下种后在冬季期间即会陆续发芽,未发芽种子在隔年春季过后即丧失活力。

锡兰橄榄实生单株优选

采用现场初选和室内鉴定分析方法对锡兰橄榄(Elaeocarpus serratus L.)实生群体进行单株选优,筛选出大果丰产优良单株,单果质量25 g以上,可溶性固形物含量(质量分数)9.23%,Vit C含量0.369 5 mg/g,钙含量1.137 mg/g,其产量和果实品质明显优于对照,2010年5月通过广东省品种审定委员会审定,命名为云祥锡兰橄榄.

锡兰橄榄实生群体相关性状的分离与优良单株选育

对锡兰橄榄（Elaeocarpus serratus L.）实生群体相关性状的分离特征进行了观测分析,并对其进行优良单株选育.结果表明：锡兰橄榄的童期约为在5~6 y;实生群体植株叶片类型以相对较小为多,占72.5%,老化叶片后有橙红和橙黄,以橙红为主,占76.2%;群体的果实可溶性固形物质量分数与单果质量均表现出偏态分布,有趋低趋小的趋势;从实生群体中选育大果、丰产优质、富含黄酮的优良单株4株.

Biological Cycles of Mineral Elements in a Young Mixed Stand in Abandoned Mining Soils

Phytoremediation as a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants from the environment by plants is becoming an increasingly important objective in plant research. In this study, biological cycles of five nutrient elements （N, P, K, Ca, and Mg） and eight heavy metal elements （Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co） were examined in young paniculed goldraintree （Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） mixed stands in an abandoned mining area. We found that after vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas, the organic matter and concentrations of nutrient elements were significantly increased and the heavy metal elements were significantly decreased, the annual retention, uptake and return were 75.0, 115.4, and 40.3 kg/hm^2 for nutrient elements, and 1 878.0, 3 231.0 and 1 353.0 g/hm^2 for heavy metal elements, respectively, with the utilization coefficient, cycling coefficient and turnover rate of 0.92, 0.35 and 0.32 for nutrient elements, and 1.24, 0.42 and 1.92 for heavy metal elements, respectively. Our results suggested that the vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas had significant effects in improving environmental conditions, enhancing soil available nutrients, and ensuring human health.

桂东常见几种绿化树种大苗育苗平衡施肥研究

研究高密度(行间距0.5m×0.5m)种植下,杜英(Elaeocarpus decipiens Hemsl)、秋枫(Bischofla javanica)、小叶榄仁(Terminalia mantaly)、蓝花楹(Jacaranda mimosifoia)、海红豆(Adenantherpavonina Linn.)和盆架子(Alstonia scholaris)6个树种绿化大苗圃地土壤理化性质变化规律,探索适合各树种绿化大苗育苗的施肥配方,为绿化苗圃科学施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)各树种在梧州市生长表现良好,年均胸径生长量均高于1cm,除海红豆外,其它树种树高年均生长量均高于1m。(2)6个树种对不同矿质元素需求比例不同。(3)6个树种育苗林地土壤物理性质差别大,其中,盆架子和秋枫林地土壤偏紧,蓝花楹林地土壤紧实,对于盆架子、秋枫与蓝花楹圃地,应加强松土或多施有机肥。

杜英树在园林应用中的成败原因与对策——以千岛湖地区为例

杜英树(Elaeocarpus decipiens Hemsl.)是优良的园林树种,但极易发生日灼病,直接影响树木种植的存活率及在园林中的应用范围。本文试从土壤肥力、适地适树、种植养护、苗木驯化等方面,分析原因并提出相应的对策与建议。

披针叶杜英苗木培育技术

披针叶杜英(Elaeocarpus lanceaefolius Roxb.)别名克地佬,为杜英科杜英属植物中果实较大的一种,具有消炎、解毒、止咳、清肺、润喉、生津之功效,食时味微苦后回甘。木材可做胶合板材,是一个具有地方特色和较高开发潜力的树种,通过种子质量检测、温湿度控制、分段式育苗和水肥管理等技术措施,缩短了育苗时间和成本,1.5年苗生高可达35~40cm、地径可达0.6~0.8cm。

秃瓣杜英嫩枝扦插育苗及防护林营造技术

本文阐述了秃瓣杜英(Elaeocarpus glabripetalus Merr.)的选地、扦插育苗大棚营建、架设简易喷淋设备,以及在皖南山区营造防护林等技术,以期为秃瓣杜英嫩枝扦插育苗及防护林营造技术提供借鉴。