基于深度强化学习的恶意ELF文件检测对抗方法

近年来,基于深度学习的恶意可执行与可链接格式(executable and linkable format,ELF)文件检测研究取得了显著进展。同时,关于模型对抗性攻击的研究也得到了广泛关注,攻击者可以通过生成对抗样本误导神经网络,使恶意软件被错误归类为良性软件,从而逃逸检测。尽管已有多种生成对抗样本的方法被提出,但它们通常不适合对ELF文件进行修改,或缺乏在不同检测模型之间迁移的能力。为克服现有方法的局限性,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的恶意ELF文件检测对抗方法,该方法通过构造目标检测模型的最优扰动字节序列,能够在保留ELF文件原有功能的前提下生成对抗样本,而无须依赖目标模型的内部实现细节。实验结果表明,该方法生成的对抗样本针对目标检测模型的逃逸成功率达到76.80%,并能通过对抗训练提升目标检测模型的鲁棒性。

猪源和犬源ELF4蛋白的亚细胞定位比较研究

本研究旨在对比分析猪E74样因子4(sELF4)和犬E74样因子4(cELF4)的亚细胞定位,为深入开展二者功能研究提供依据。利用PCR截短扩增sELF4和cELF4,分别克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中,构建17个sELF4重组真核表达载体和13个cELF4重组真核表达质粒,转染HeLa细胞、Hoechst33342染色,荧光倒置显微镜观察亚细胞定位,运用生物信息学软件分析其编码氨基酸序列特征。结果表明,sELF4和cELF4蛋白全长均定位在细胞核中,sELF4 196~291 aa(586~873 bp)之间有可能存在两个细胞质核定位信号肽,cELF4的核定位信号肽分布在203~291 aa(607~873 bp),cELF4 292~663 aa(874~1 992 bp)、sELF4 292~662 aa(874~1 989 bp)在细胞中发生聚集现象。cELF4与sELF4氨基酸序列在第169~303位氨基酸之间均高度保守,其他区段均存在不同程度的差异。综上,sELF4蛋白全长和cELF4蛋白全长均定位在细胞核中,截短表达的羧基端功能区有聚集现象,二者的核定位信号肽分布有一定差异。

A historical overview of nano-optics:From near-field optics to plasmonics

Nano-optics is an emergent research field in physics that appeared in the 1980s,which deals with light–matter optical interactions at the nanometer scale.In early studies of nano-optics,the main concern focus is to obtain higher optical resolution over the diffraction limit.The researches of near-field imaging and spectroscopy based on scanning near-field optical microscopy(SNOM)are developed.The exploration of improving SNOM probe for near-field detection leads to the emergence of surface plasmons.In the sense of resolution and wider application,there has been a significant transition from seeking higher resolution microscopy to plasmonic near-field modulations in the nano-optics community during the nano-optic development.Nowadays,studies of nano-optics prefer the investigation of plasmonics in different material systems.In this article,the history of the development of near-field optics is briefly reviewed.The difficulties of conventional SNOM to achieve higher resolution are discussed.As an alternative solution,surface plasmons have shown the advantages of higher resolution,wider application,and flexible nano-optical modulation for new devices.The typical studies in different periods are introduced and characteristics of nano-optics in each stage are analyzed.In this way,the evolution progress from near-field optics to plasmonics of nano-optics research is presented.The future development of nano-optics is discussed then.

Modeling Near-Field Impulsive Waves Generated by Deformable Landslide Using the HBP Model Based on the SPH Method

Landslide-generated impulsive waves(LGWs)in reservoir areas can seriously threaten waterway safety as well as hu-man life and properties around the two side slopes.The risk reduction and mitigation of such a hazard require the accurate prediction of near-field wave characteristics,such as wave amplitude and run-up.However,near-field LGW involves complicated fluid-solid interactions.Furthermore,the wave characteristics are closely related to various aspects,including the geometry and physical features of the slide,river,and body of water.However,the empirical or analytical methods used for rough estimation cannot derive accurate results,especially for deformable landslides,due to their significant geometry changes during the sliding process.In this study,the near-field waves generated by deformable landslides were simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)based on multi-phase flow.The deformable landslides were generalized as a kind of viscous flow by adopting the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou(HBP)-based nonNewtonian rheology model.The HBP model is capable of producing deformable landslide dynamics even though the high-speed sliding process is involved.In this study,an idealized experiment case originating from Lituya LGW and a practical case of Gongjiafang LGW were reproduced for verification and demonstration.The simulation results of both cases show satisfactory consistency with the experiment/investigation data in terms of landslide movement and near-field impulsive wave characteristics,thus indicating the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.Finally,the effects of the HBP model’s rheological parameters on the landslide dynamics and near-field wave characteristics are discussed,providing a parameter calibration method along with sug-gestions for further applications.

Influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based on biaxial hyperbolic materials

Relative rotation between the emitter and receiver could effectively modulate the near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT)in anisotropic media.Due to the strong in-plane anisotropy,natural hyperbolic materials can be used to construct near-field radiative modulators with excellent modulation effects.However,in practical applications,natural hyperbolic materials need to be deposited on the substrate,and the influence of substrate on modulation effect has not been studied yet.In this work,we investigate the influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based onα-MoO_(3).The results show that compared to the situation without a substrate,the presence of both lossless and lossy substrate will reduce the modulation contrast(MC)for different film thicknesses.When the real or imaginary component of the substrate permittivity increases,the mismatch of hyperbolic phonon polaritons(HPPs)weakens,resulting in a reduction in MC.By reducing the real and imaginary components of substrate permittivity,the MC can be significantly improved,reaching 4.64 forε_(s)=3 at t=10 nm.This work indicates that choosing a substrate with a smaller permittivity helps to achieve a better modulation effect,and provides guidance for the application of natural hyperbolic materials in the near-field radiative modulator.

Near-field radiative heat transfer between nanoporous GaN films

Photon tunneling effects give rise to surface waves,amplifying radiative heat transfer in the near-field regime.Recent research has highlighted that the introduction of nanopores into materials creates additional pathways for heat transfer,leading to a substantial enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT).Being a direct bandgap semiconductor,GaN has high thermal conductivity and stable resistance at high temperatures,and holds significant potential for applications in optoelectronic devices.Indeed,study of NFRHT between nanoporous GaN films is currently lacking,hence the physical mechanism for adding nanopores to GaN films remains to be discussed in the field of NFRHT.In this work,we delve into the NFRHT of GaN nanoporous films in terms of gap distance,GaN film thickness and the vacuum filling ratio.The results demonstrate a 27.2%increase in heat flux for a 10 nm gap when the nanoporous filling ratio is 0.5.Moreover,the spectral heat flux exhibits redshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio.To be more precise,the peak of spectral heat flux moves fromω=1.31×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)toω=1.23×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)when the vacuum filling ratio changes from f=0.1 to f=0.5;this can be attributed to the excitation of surface phonon polaritons.The introduction of graphene into these configurations can highly enhance the NFRHT,and the spectral heat flux exhibits a blueshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio,which can be explained by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.These findings offer theoretical insights that can guide the extensive utilization of porous structures in thermal control,management and thermal modulation.

Localization for mixed near-field and far-field sources under impulsive noise

In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional localization methods for mixed near-field sources(NFSs)and far-field sources(FFSs)degrades under impulsive noise,a robust and novel localization method is proposed.After eliminating the impacts of impulsive noise by the weighted out-lier filter,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of FFSs can be estimated by multiple signal classification(MUSIC)spectral peaks search.Based on the DOAs information of FFSs,the separation of mixed sources can be performed.Finally,the estimation of localizing parameters of NFSs can avoid two-dimension spectral peaks search by decomposing steering vectors.The Cramer-Rao bounds(CRB)for the unbiased estimations of DOA and range under impulsive noise have been drawn.Simulation experiments verify that the proposed method has advantages in probability of successful estimation(PSE)and root mean square error(RMSE)compared with existing localization methods.It can be concluded that the proposed method is effective and reliable in the environment with low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR),few snapshots,and strong impulse.

宫颈鳞癌组织中ELF5、Ki-67、p53表达及与临床病理关系

目的:分析宫颈鳞癌病变组织中Ki-67、p53及ELF5表达情况及与宫颈鳞癌临床病理特征的关联性。方法:选择2019年9月-2022年12月在医院接受手术且手术后病理诊断为宫颈鳞状细胞癌患者50例的肿瘤组织样本,良性疾病手术后病理确诊为慢性子宫颈炎患者30例组织样本为对照组。免疫组织化学(IHC)技术检测样本组织中Ki-67、p53、ELF5的表达水平,统计阳性表达与临床病理参数。结果:宫颈鳞状组Ki-67、p53、ELF5的阳性表达率(92.0%、72.0%、60.0%)、高于对照组(3.3%、10.0%、13.3%)(均P<0.05)。宫颈鳞癌组Ki-67的表达与淋巴血管间隙侵犯(LVSI)有关,p53表达与病理分级、浸润深度有关,ELF5表达与宫颈鳞癌的国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、浸润深度、肿瘤径线有关,Ki-67表达与宫颈鳞癌的病理分级、LVSI正相关,p53表达与病理分级和浸润深度正相关,ELF5表达与宫颈鳞状细胞癌的FIGO分期、病理分级、浸润深度和肿瘤径线正相关,Ki-67与p53、ELF5的表达呈正相关(均P<0.05),而p53与ELF5之间无明显相关性。结论:ELF5蛋白、p53蛋白与Ki-67蛋白在宫颈鳞癌发生发展中表达存在相关性,有助于宫颈癌诊断,为早期治疗提供有益帮助。

ELF1负调控TRIM16促进胃腺癌上皮间质转化

目的探讨E74样因子1(ELF1)对胃腺癌细胞迁移、侵袭和上皮间充质转化(EMT)的影响及其机制。方法利用基因表达谱交互分析2(GEPIA2)数据库分析ELF1在胃腺癌组织中的表达情况。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和Western blot分析胃癌细胞和正常胃黏膜细胞中ELF1的表达水平。ELF1短发夹RNA(sh-ELF1)或其阴性对照短发夹RNA(sh-NC)转染AGS细胞,分别命名为sh-ELF1组和sh-NC组。划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Tranwell侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭能力,Western blot检测EMT相关分子Snail、E-cadherin、Vimentin及三重基序包含蛋白16(TRIM16)的表达情况。染色质免疫共沉淀-PCR(ChIP-PCR)实验检测ELF1与TRIM16启动子区的结合情况。选取AGS细胞进行挽救实验,分为sh-ELF1+si-TRIM16组(sh-ELF1和TRIM16小干扰RNA共同转染)和sh-ELF1+si-NC组(sh-ELF1和阴性对照小干扰RNA共同转染),Western blot检测TRIM16、Snail、E-cadherin及Vimentin的表达情况,划痕实验和Tranwell侵袭实验分别检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力。结果ELF1在胃腺癌组织和胃癌细胞中高表达(P<0.05)。与sh-NC组相比,sh-ELF1组细胞迁移能力和侵袭能力显著降低(P<0.05);与sh-NC组相比,sh-ELF1组Snail和Vimentin表达水平显著下降(P<0.05),而E-cadherin和TRIM16表达水平显著上升(P<0.05)。ChIP-PCR结果显示,ELF1与TRIM16的启动子区结合,进而抑制TRMI16的表达。挽救实验表明,与sh-ELF1+si-NC组相比,sh-ELF1+si-TRIM16组Snail、Vimentin的表达上调(P<0.05),而E-cadherin的表达下调(P<0.05),细胞迁移能力和侵袭能力均增加(P<0.05)。结论ELF1可通过靶向负调控TRIM16促进胃腺癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和EMT。

Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer, Sensing and Communication with Bessel Beams

The Bessel beam,characterized by its unique non-diffracting properties,holds promising applications.In this paper,we provide a detailed introduction and investigation into the theory and research of the Bessel beam,with a special focus on its generation and applications in the near-field region.We provide an introduction to the concepts,properties,and foundational theories of the Bessel beam.Additionally,the current study on generating Bessel beams and their applications is categorized and discussed,and potential research challenges are proposed in this paper.This review serves as a solid foundation for researchers to understand the concept of the Bessel beam and explore its potential applications.

Towards Near-Field Communications for 6G:Challenges and Opportunities

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)and terahertz(THz)communications are pivotal candidate technologies for supporting the development of 6G mobile networks.However,these techniques invalidate the common assumptions of far-field plane waves and introduce many new properties.To accurately understand the performance of these new techniques,spherical wave modeling of near-field communications needs to be applied for future research.Hence,the investigation of near-field communication holds significant importance for the advancement of 6G,which brings many new and open research challenges in contrast to conventional far-field communication.In this paper,we first formulate a general model of the near-field channel and discuss the influence of spatial nonstationary properties on the near-field channel modeling.Subsequently,we discuss the challenges encountered in the near field in terms of beam training,localization,and transmission scheme design,respectively.Finally,we point out some promising research directions for near-field communications.

Variations of Atmospheric ELF/VLF Radio Noise Due to Seismogenic Modifications in Tropospheric Conductivity

We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The main idea is as follows. The distribution of the electric field around a thundercloud depends on the conductivity profile of the atmosphere. Quasi-static electric fields of a thundercloud decrease in those tropospheric regions where an increase of air conductivity is generated by pre-seismic activities due to emanation of radioactive gas and water into the lower atmosphere. The electric field becomes reduced in the lower troposphere, and the probability decreases of the cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes in such “contaminated” areas. Simultaneously, the electric field grows inside and above the thunderclouds, and hence, we anticipate a growth in the number of horizontal and tilted inter-cloud (or intra-cloud) (both termed as IC discharges) strokes. Spatial orientation of lightning strokes reduces vertical projection of their individual amplitudes, while the rate (median number strokes per a unit time) of discharges grows. We demonstrate that channel tilt of strokes modifies the spectral content of ELF/VLF radio noise and changes the rate of detected pulses during the earthquake preparation phase.

Near-Field Beam Training for Holographic MIMO Communications: Typical Methods, Challenges and Future Directions

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output(HMIMO)has become an emerging technology for achieving ultra-high frequency spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems.The increasing antenna aperture leads to a more significant characterization of the spherical wavefront in near-field communications in HMIMO scenarios.Beam training as a key technique for wireless communication is worth exploring in this near-field scenario.Compared with the widely researched far-field beam training,the increased dimensionality of the search space for near-field beam training poses a challenge to the complexity and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.In this paper,we introduce several typical near-field beam training methods:exhaustive beam training,hierarchical beam training,and multi-beam training that includes equal interval multi-beam training and hash multi-beam training.The performances of these methods are compared through simulation analysis,and their effectiveness is verified on the hardware testbed as well.Additionally,we provide application scenarios,research challenges,and potential future research directions for near-field beam training.

ELF视角下大学英语教师语言态度的研究

语言态度是一个人对某种语言或方言的情感和看法,而语言意识是关于语言结构、用法和多样性的认知。这两者之间存在密切关系。个体的语言态度往往受到语言意识的塑造,语言意识可以影响一个人对某种语言的喜好或偏见。同时,积极的语言态度也有可能促进更深入的语言意识,激励人们更深入地学习和理解语言。因此,语言态度和语言意识相互作用,对于语言学习和社交互动都具有重要影响。本论文旨在通过ELF(English as a Lingua Franca)的视角,探讨大学英语教师语言态度的研究。首先,文献综述部分梳理了国内外关于教师语言意识和多语言意识的研究,以明晰相关概念。接着,本文详细阐述了教师语言意识和多语言意识的概念,以便为后续的研究提供理论支持。其次,本文探讨了合理的教师多语言意识评价手段和评价体系,以了解和培养教师的语言态度。最后,通过分析教师多语言意识与教学实践之间的关系,本文强调了教师多语言意识对于提高英语教育质量的重要性。

宫颈鳞癌患者组织中ELF5、Ki67、P53表达特征及与疾病分期、预后的关联性研究

目的探讨宫颈鳞癌患者组织中ELF5、Ki67、P53表达特征及与疾病分期、预后的关联性。方法回顾性选取2019年5月—2021年9月新疆生产建设兵团医院宫颈鳞癌患者30例设为宫颈鳞癌组、低级别CIN患者20例设为低级别CIN组、高级别CIN患者20例设为高级别CIN组、慢性宫颈炎患者20例设为慢性宫颈炎组。采取免疫组织化学法测定各个组织内P53、Ki67、ELF5表达情况,统计以上4组宫颈组织中P53、Ki67、ELF5阳性表达情况,分析上述指标与宫颈鳞癌临床病理指标的关系,并比较不同预后的宫颈鳞癌患者P53、Ki67、ELF5阳性率。结果(1)宫颈鳞癌患者ELF5阳性表达率(33.33%)低于低级别CIN组(85.00%)、高级别CIN组(75.00%)、慢性宫颈炎组(90.00%),P53、Ki67阳性表达率(76.67%、83.33%)高于低级别CIN组(20.00%、25.00%)、高级别CIN组(45.00%、55.00%)、慢性宫颈炎组(5.00%、5.00%)(P<0.05);(2)不同FIGO分期宫颈鳞癌者P53、Ki67、ELF5阳性表达情况比较(P<0.05),且随着FIGO分期增高,ELF5阳性表达率持续降低,P53、Ki67阳性表达率持续增高(P<0.05);(3)P53、Ki67阳性表达率与宫颈鳞癌FIGO分期间存在显著正相关关系,ELF5阳性表达率与宫颈鳞癌FIGO分期间存在显著负相关关系(P<0.05);(4)预后不良者ELF5阳性表达率(10.53%)低于预后良好者(72.73%),P53、Ki67阳性表达率(94.74%、100.00%)高于预后良好者(45.45%、45.45%)(P<0.05)。结论宫颈鳞癌组织中P53、Ki67、ELF5表达情况异常增高,其增高幅度与疾病分期具有密切关联性,且不同预后情况者上述指标表达间存在显著差异,其可用于疾病预后的预测。

Modular Extremely Large-Scale Array Communication:Near-Field Modelling and Performance Analysis

This paper investigates the wireless communication with a novel architecture of antenna arrays,termed modular extremely large-scale array(XLarray),where array elements of an extremely large number/size are regularly mounted on a shared platform with both horizontally and vertically interlaced modules.Each module consists of a moderate/flexible number of array elements with the inter-element distance typically in the order of the signal wavelength,while different modules are separated by the relatively large inter-module distance for convenience of practical deployment.By accurately modelling the signal amplitudes and phases,as well as projected apertures across all modular elements,we analyse the near-field signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)performance for modular XL-array communications.Based on the non-uniform spherical wave(NUSW)modelling,the closed-form SNR expression is derived in terms of key system parameters,such as the overall modular array size,distances of adjacent modules along all dimensions,and the user's three-dimensional(3D)location.In addition,with the number of modules in different dimensions increasing infinitely,the asymptotic SNR scaling laws are revealed.Furthermore,we show that our proposed near-field modelling and performance analysis include the results for existing array architectures/modelling as special cases,e.g.,the collocated XL-array architecture,the uniform plane wave(UPW)based far-field modelling,and the modular extremely large-scale uniform linear array(XL-ULA)of onedimension.Extensive simulation results are presented to validate our findings.

基于DEMETER卫星数据研究汶川M_(S)8.0地震前ELF电磁短临异常

1引言。地震电磁辐射现象是指伴随着地震孕育过程而产生的电磁辐射源释放出的某种电磁信号,且大多出现在地震前几天至几小时内地震孕育的后期,近地表大气层、上大气层、电离层、甚至磁层都存在电磁辐射异常(Pulinets et al,2004)。因此,具有短临预测的应用前景。于海雁等(2010)对DEMETER卫星记录的电磁数据研究发现,电磁辐射呈现出很强的平面波特征,传播方向为上行传播;曾中超等(2009)利用DEMETER卫星于地震前3—7天在震中附近记录到了电子浓度、电子温度和氧离子浓度出现的剧烈变化(变化率均超20%)。

Seismogenic ULF/ELF Wave Phenomena: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

There has been enormous progress in the field of electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes (EQs) and EQ prediction during the last three decades, and it is recently agreed that electromagnetic effects do appear prior to an EQ. A few phenomena are well recognized as being statistically correlated with EQs as promising candidates for short-term EQ predictors: the first is ionospheric perturbation not only in the lower ionosphere as seen by subionospheric VLF (very low frequency, 3 kHz f 30 kHz)/LF (low frequency, 30 kHz f 300 kHz) propagation but also in the upper F region as detected by ionosondes, TEC (total electron content) observations, satellite observations, etc, and the second is DC earth current known as SES (Seismic electric signal). In addition to the above two physical phenomena, this review highlights the following four physical wave phenomena in ULF (ultra low frequency, frequency Hz)/ELF (extremely low frequency, 3 Hz frequency 3 kHz) ranges, including 1) ULF lithospheric radiation (i.e., direct radiation from the lithosphere), 2) ULF magnetic field depression effect (as an indicator of lower ionospheric perturbation), 3) ULF/ELF electromagnetic radiation (radiation in the atmosphere), and 4) Schumann resonance (SR) anomalies (as an indicator of the perturbations in the lower ionosphere and stratosphere). For each physical item, we will repeat the essential points and also discuss recent advances and future perspectives. For the purpose of future real EQ prediction practice, we pay attention to the statistical correlation of each phenomenon with EQs, and its predictability in terms of probability gain. Of course, all of those effects are recommended as plausible candidates for short-term EQ prediction, and they can be physically explained in terms of the unified concept of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) process, so a brief description of this coupling has been carried out by using these four physical parameters though the mechanism of each phenomenon is still poorly understood. In conclusion, we have to emphasize the importance of more statistical studies for more abundant datasets sometimes with the use of AI (artificial intelligence) techniques, more case studies for huge (M greater than 7) EQ events, recommendation of critical analyses, and finally multi-parameters observation (even though it is tough work).

ELF视域下高校非英语专业学生对英语态度认知的调查研究

通过定量研究和定性研究相结合的方法,对高校非英语专业学生的英语态度认知进行调查。定量研究通过收集调查问卷的方式完成,定性研究通过访谈完成。研究结果表明,非英语专业的学生普遍接受英语作为通用语这一理念,对中式英语的接纳程度较高,注重语言作为交流工具的实用性,但在学习目标上,学生还是更加认可标准英语,其他英语变体可以接受,但不会作为学习目标。

电离层人工调制在水平分层电离层中所激发的ELF波辐射

通过大功率ELF/VLF调幅高频波能有效地扰动低电离层,形成等效的ELF/VLF电离层虚拟天线,用来辐射ELF/VLF波,所辐射出的低频信号可以进入中性大气层形成地球-电离层波导.本文基于调制加热模型,采用全波有限元算法计算由人工调制电离层所形成的电偶极矩所辐射出的ELF波在水平分层电离层中的波场,计算结果将与地面观测结果进行比较.模拟结果表明,所辐射出的ELF波在电离层中形成一个窄的准直波束,海面所能接收到的ELF信号强度为pT量级,并且频率越低,海面所接收到的场强就越小,与HAARP实验数据一致.结果还表明,低纬电离层对低频信号的传播衰减较大,并且所能透射出电离层的角度小,因此高纬地区更适合地球-电离层波导的激发.