Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,Yunnan.Taking local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha Kunyijian.The results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/kg.The performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked second.The performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control 1.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in tobacco production.The rate is recommended to be 900-1500 kg/ha[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].It is suggested to further strengthen the demonstration and promotion of Kunyijian.

Effects of Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.

Characters of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Trails on Its Effect When Applied to Peach

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bio-organic fertilizer and its effect when applied to peach.[Method] Through launching demonstration trial on the application of bio-organic fertilizer in the major fruit producing areas in Liaoning Province,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on peach growth and soil were investigated.[Results] After application of bio-organic fertilizer,both the peach yield and fruit quality were improved to some extent,of which yields was increased by 16.4％ compared with the control,and vitamin C and total sugar contents were also significantly increased; application of bio-organic fertilizer also improved the contents of total nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in soil,and reduced the soil volume weight.[Conclusion] Bioorganic fertilizer can significantly improve fruit yield and quality,as well as improving orchard soil and protecting the environment,thus possessing a bright application prospect in the production of green fruits.

Effects of Liquid Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vegetables

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil Microbial Communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer Containing High-efficient Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Strawberry

With strawberry as a test material,the effects of the bio-organic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on nutrient contents in strawberry-planted soil,wilt occurrence and strawberry yield and quality were studied by a plot experiment,so as to provide reference for scientific use of the bio-organic fertilizer and green production of strawberry.The results showed that after hole-applying the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 22.5 t/hm^2,the contents of NH^+_4-N,available P,available K and organic matter did not change much with time;and when replacing 50%of chemical fertilizers with the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 11.25 t/hm^2(K_3),the contents of NH^+_4-N and available P in the soil did not change much with time,and the contents of available K and organic matter decreased slightly with time,but were both higher than the CK(the unfertilized treatment).Meanwhile,the disease index values of strawberry wilt disease in treatments K_2 and K_3were significantly lower than those of the CK and the conventional fertilization treatment(K_1),and the vitamin C contents of strawberry fruit in the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK.The yield determination showed that the cumulative yields of treatments K_2 and K_3 increased by 9.8% and 3.3%,respectively,and the increase rates of the early yields(before the Spring Festival)were 30.6% and 21.9%,respectively.Therefore,the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizers,and can achieve the effects of reducing the occurrence of wilt,improving the early yield of fruit commodity and improving fruit quality.

Application Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Chuanzhu 16

Through the application of bio-organic fertilizer on Chuanzhuo 16, the re- sults showed that the yield could reach 185.23 kg in treatment with bio-organic fer- tilizer, 40.22 kg more than the conventional fertilization, and the yield increase rate reached up to 27.7%.

Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizers on the Leaf Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Replanted Szechuan Pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans

Continuous cropping obstacles hamper the efficient growth and yield of Szechuan pepper,Zanthoxylum simulans.The current study investigated the impact of different levels of bioorganic fertilizer on the leaf physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Z.simulans to provide a theoretical reference for continuous Z.simulans crop cultivation.A bioorganic fertilizer was used to treat seedlings growing in 25-year-old continuous cropping soil.Five fertilizer treatments were applied.The impacts of the treatments on the activity of defense enzyme and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans leaves were determined.The different concentrations of bioorganic fertilizer reduced to varying degrees the malondialdehyde(MDA)content and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and increased the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),as well as the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of Z.simulans leaves.The results showed that most significant increases or decreases were achieved with 100 g/L bioorganic fertilizer(Y2).Thus,the application of bioorganic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g/L can significantly improve the activity of relevant defense enzymes and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans,and reduce the MDA content,enhancing the stress resistance of the plants,promoting their growth and addressing,to some extent,obstacles associated with continuous cultivation.

长期施用EM生物有机肥对冬小麦生产的影响

施用不同肥料处理十年后,通过小区对比试验,分析EM生物有机肥、普通堆肥、化肥、不施肥对小麦生产的效果差异。结果表明,EM生物有机肥比普通堆肥增产8.4%~8.9%,比化肥增产17.2%~32.4%。分析产量差异的原因,得到:EM生物有机肥土壤的有效氮、磷、钾含量显著提高,充足的肥料供给使植株的N、P、K含量增加,机体的功能得到改善,小麦功能叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率提高。光合作用的增强促使植株干物质积累量增加,孕穗期小麦植株干物质积累量比其他处理高1.5%~194.2%。前期良好的干物质积累和灌浆期的光合能力强,为灌浆打下坚实的基础,与其他处理相比小麦籽粒平均灌浆速率提高6.6%~16.4%。此外,在品质方面,小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量提高4.9%~19.9%。综合来看,长期施用EM生物有机肥不但可以提高冬小麦的产量,还能有效地改善品质。

施用EM堆肥对土壤螨群落结构的影响

对不同施肥条件下农田中的土壤螨进行调查 ,结果表明 :( 1 ) EM堆肥区土壤有机层加深 ,土壤螨垂直分布下限下移 ;( 2 )施用 EM堆肥区土壤螨数量多 ,物种丰富 ,分布均匀。长期施用 EM堆肥可以形成多层次的食物网络 ,传统堆肥区土壤螨数量和种类较化肥区多 ;单纯施用化肥的农田 ,土壤螨数量和种类呈减少趋势 ,群落结构稳定性差 ,土壤生物间的联系向单一化方向发展。

苗期施用EM菌肥对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

为了解苗期施用EM菌肥对玉米生长发育及产量的影响,解决"一年两熟区"种子包衣条件下的EM菌肥高效使用问题,于玉米4叶1心期,在山西南部对地力旺微生物菌肥EM进行了用量及配水量试验。结果表明,苗期喷施EM菌肥,能显著促进夏玉米的生长发育,其农艺性状与产量构成因素明显改善、产量显著提高。与喷540kg清水比,45kg/hm2EM+水540kg/hm2处理玉米单叶面积增加8.29%,差异显著;穗长增加8.57%,差异极显著,穗粒数增加15.14%,差异显著,产量增幅达18.5%,差异极显著。与喷1080kg清水比,60kg/hm2EM+水1080kg/hm2处理的株高、茎粗、茎节数、果穗高度、叶面积均增加,差异极显著;45kg/hm2EM+水1080kg/hm2处理的穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、单穗重、公顷穗数、产量增加均达极显著水平,产量最高,增产幅度达35.8%。

EM及重氢硫酸盐对黄颡鱼卵孵化中水霉的抑制作用

将黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)受精卵分别加入到单含不同浓度有效微生物EM(E ffective m icroorgan-ism,EM)及含不同浓度EM和50μL/L的重氢硫酸盐复合物的静水中孵化,研究EM和重氢硫酸盐对鱼卵受精率、水霉病发生率的影响。结果表明,EM和重氢硫酸盐均可有效地抑制鱼卵孵化过程中水霉病的发生,提高鱼卵的受精率;而EM及重氢硫酸盐联合作用能有效地延长抑制水霉病发生的时间。当EM与重氢硫酸盐联合使用的浓度分别为8μL/L和50μL/L时,对水霉病具有更强的抑制作用。

生物有机肥和EM菌剂对菜园连作土壤微生物的影响

采用盆栽试验,连续种植3批菜心,研究生物有机肥和EM菌剂对连作9 a和6 a的菜园土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的影响。结果表明:与化肥处理相比,施用生物有机肥能够提高连作土壤中细菌、放线菌、丛枝菌根真菌和革兰氏阴性细菌(G^-)的相对含量及G^-/G^+(革兰氏阴性细菌/革兰氏阳性细菌)比值,并降低土壤真菌的相对含量;随着种植批次的增加,土壤中G^-、G^+含量降低,G^-/G^+比值上升,生物有机肥和EM菌剂配施化肥处理G^-含量普遍高于化肥处理;与化肥处理相比,施用生物有机肥土壤微生物AWCD值、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数均提高,土壤微生物活性、多样性和均一度提高。

EM菌肥对黄瓜根际土壤酶活性的影响

为探讨EM(effective microorganisms)菌肥对黄瓜根际土壤酶活性的影响,以旱黄瓜‘绿剑’为试验材料,对育苗土壤分别通过土壤表面喷施和均匀拌入2种方式施入EM菌肥,并在育苗期对黄瓜根际多种土壤酶活性进行测定。试验结果表明:EM菌肥能够不同程度的提高土壤酶活性,相同施用浓度下,均匀混入土壤的施用方式能够更好地提高土壤酶活性,而相同施用方式下0.5%浓度的EM菌肥能够更加有效地提高土壤酶活性。

EM对黄瓜根系发育及幼苗生长的影响

为筛选出EM菌肥合理的使用方法及施用浓度,以黄瓜品种龙杂黄七号为材料,采用苗床表面喷施和均匀拌入土壤2种方式研究不同浓度EM菌肥对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:对于根系的发育,EM菌肥采用均匀拌入土壤的方式优于苗床表面喷施方式。施用一定浓度的EM菌肥能有效地促进黄瓜根系发育,提高根系活力、根系重量、根冠比、侧根数;能显著增加黄瓜幼苗的叶面积、株高和茎粗。其中以0.5%的EM菌肥采用均匀拌入土壤的方式效果最好。

不同施肥措施及EM菌剂对大棚黄瓜连作障碍的防治效果

连续种植 1 2年的大棚黄瓜 ,施用酵素菌肥或生物发酵鸡粪配合沼肥等生物肥料 ,均可明显改善黄瓜生长性状 ,减轻黄瓜枯萎病 ,提高产量 ,降低土壤EC值 ,减轻土壤盐渍化程度。施用生物肥料的效果优于平衡施肥。在不同施肥措施的基础上配合应用EM菌剂 ,对减轻黄瓜病害、降低土壤EC值也表现出较明显的效果。

EM有机生物肥对毛竹林地土壤性质的影响

施肥试验结果表明:施EM有机生物肥有利于提高土壤的速效性养分,增强土壤的供肥能力,特别是速效养分含量;同一土层毛竹林地土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度以及通气度等土壤孔隙组成指标呈现出EM有机生物肥>鲜鸡粪>对照>复合肥;施EM有机生物肥能明显地增加细菌和真菌数量,分别是对照区的3.45倍和3.53倍,但对土壤放线菌数量无明显影响;施EM有机生物肥极显著增加了毛竹林地土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶的活性,依次是对照区的6.19倍、4.04倍、3.69倍和2.44倍,但对土壤蔗糖酶活性无明显影响。

有益微生物制剂EM-2生物液肥对水稻生长的影响

EM有益微生物制剂是一种含有多种有益微生物且应用范围广泛的微生态制剂。EM-2是EM微生物制剂的衍生产品,是一种已获国家发明专利的高效生物液肥,主要用作叶面喷施。为验证EM-2生物液肥对水稻生长的影响,特进行了本次试验。结果表明:EM-2生物液肥能够增加水稻有效穗数,提高结实率,增产效果明显;在常规施肥基础上加施EM-2生物液肥,水稻产量比常规施肥平均增加378kg/hm^2,增产率5.9%;比空白对照增产2812.5kg/hm^2,增产率70.7%,增产达极显著水平。

EM有机肥茶园应用效果研究

多点选择不同类型的茶园施用EM有机肥进行对比试验。结果表明：茶树施用生物肥，20d左右即可见效，可促进茶树芽头早发，新茶早上市，价位高；可提高茶叶产量，春茶第四道测产，增产8.99％，秋茶第一、二道测产，增产43.6％～44.9％。；可改善茶叶品质，茶树芽头持嫩期长，毛峰大，干茶条形好，容重增加，品尝口感好，涩味、苦味减退，并可多沏一两道；可增强茶树的耐湿性、耐寒性和对病、虫害的抗性。其有效应用条件为：在土壤水分充足、富含有机质和多年偏施氮肥、土壤养分失调及瘠薄的土壤条件下，施用效果较好。

不同剂量GnRH-a超长降调节在EMs患者中的应用研究

目的探讨不同剂量促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist,GnRH-a)超长降调节对改善子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)患者体外受精/胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的作用。方法将50例子宫内膜异位症患者(腹腔镜术后)随机分为两组接受改良超长方案治疗,A组(末次半量组):30例患者GnRH-a治疗3～6个月,每次1.88mg(1/2支)达菲林肌内注射,间隔28天,第2次注射达菲林后2周开始检测血清CA125,CA125降至18U/L以下后注射末次达菲林1/2支;B组(末次0.375mg组):20例患者末次治疗剂量改为0.375mg(1/10支)达菲林肌内注射。两组均于末次达菲林注射后2～6周开始尿促性腺激素(human menopausal gonadotropin,HMG)225～300U(3～4支)肌内注射促进卵泡发育,于最大卵泡直径≥16mm时注射绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chronic gonadotropin,HCG)5000～10000U,32～36h后取卵,取卵后48～72h胚胎移植。结果启动日黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)水平A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.04)。A组HCG日孕酮(pro-gesterone,P)水平低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.05),B组有2例HCG日P升高至3.0ng/ml以上。A组受精率0.77±0.03,高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02)。平均用药天数,总剂量,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。平均获卵数,优质胚胎率,种植率,妊娠率,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组妊娠率69%,B组妊娠率50%,均高于本中心同期子宫内膜异位症患者行超长后短方案组妊娠率(40.05%)。结论两种剂量GnRH-a超长降调节治疗在子宫内膜异位症患者中应用均改善了其IVF结局,0.375mg GnRH-a可能不能全程抑制自发LH峰,可能仍需联合短方案才能达到预期目的,但由于抑制程度轻,对卵巢功能低下的妇女可能获得较好的结局。