Construction of Mutant Population and Analysis of Dwarf Mutants in "6421"(Capsicum annuum L.)through EMS Mutagenesis

[Objective] The aim was to improve the genetic property of peppers, the mutant population of Capsicum annuum L cultivar ＂6421＂ was constructed. [Method] The seeds of ＂6421＂ were treated with 0.2% to 1.2% ethyl methane sulfonate to identified LD50, and then 10 000 LD^o of treated seeds were sowed to construct mutant population. The agronomic characters and genetic regularity of dwarf mutants in M4 generation were analyzed. [Result] Our results showed that GR and SSR were 45.2% and 40.2% respectively at 1.0% EMS, close to LD50, with GI （17.6） and seed Ⅵ （19.7） being half of that of control; 562 M4 mutants were identified in 2015, and the mutation could be characterized according 11 major categories and 32 subcategories; Simultaneously, we found that plant height, plant width, diameter of mainstem, length of main-stem, the number of main-stem nodes and branch of lines E29, E58, E142 and E312 were all significantly different from that of the control. The mutation of lines E29, E58 and E312 was all controlled by a single recessive gene. [Conclusionl The study first created a pepper mutant population, which provides not only the germplasm resources for further breeding but also direct and effective materials for genomic study of the pepper.

Screening of Leaf Shape Mutants Induced by EMS and Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis)

[Objective] M3 progenies of Jingnong 6 variety induced by EMS chemical mutagenesis were screened and identified for obtaining valuable mutation material.[Method] Azuki bean cultivar Jingnong 6 was treated with EMS.The mutation rate,mutation types,agronomic traits and yield components of the leaf mutants were analyzed.[Result] The results showed that there is the most abundant mutational type of leaf shape and the highest mutation frequency treated with 0.9% EMS for 24 hours.Comprehensive analysis on agronom...

Identification and Analysis of Mature Plant Type Mutants of M_1 Generation Foxtail Millet Changnong35 Treated with EMS Mutagenesis

[Objective] The aim was to identify the mutants of millet Changnong35 induced by different concentrations of EMS, so as to construct a millet mutant library. [Method] Foxtail millet cultivar Changnong35 which is widely used in agricultural production, was treated with 0.8% and 1.0% EMS; and then seven traits of mutants were investigated analyzed, to classify the mutants into different groups. [Result] 282 mutants in the M1 generation related to plant type were obtained, of which, 100 mutant plants treated with 0.8% EMS can be divided into 10 groups; 182 mutant plants obtained by using 1.0% EMS can be divided into 17 groups. The analysis results of the mature plant type traits of the M1 Generation showed that, plant height, diameter of stem under spike, diameter of the first internode under spike and internode number of the mutants treated with 1.0% EMS were significantly different from those of control, while those of mutants treated with 0.8% EMS did not show significant difference from those of control. [Conclusion] The inducing with 1.0% EMS was more conducive to obtain a large number and different types of mutants from Changnong35.

Construction and Analysis of Asexual Mutant Population of Tetraploid Potato Longshu 7 Induced by EMS

[Objective] This study was conducted to detect the variation induction ability of ethyl methanesulfonate （EMS）, to construct a mutant population. [Method] 0.6%, 1.2% and 2.4% EMS solutions were used for inducing 2 400 stem segments of test-tube plantlets of tetraploid potato Longshu 7, and an asexual mutant population including leaf, plant type, stem, stolon, glandular hair traits was constructed. [Result] Twenty two mutation types, i.e. etiolated plantlet, albino plantlet, leaf-color gradient, etiolated vein, wrapped bud, lobed leaf, crinkled leaf, deformed compound leaf, cluster, branch, top enlargement, top bifurcation, succulent, stolon distortion, stolon shift, early tuberization, hair stolon, stem enlargement, vine stem, foliage stem, glandular hair and whorled leaf types were observed in total. There were 52 mutant single plants in total, with a mutation rate of 21.67‰. [Conclusion] The glandular hair, clustered short-stem, branched stem and early tuberization types of mutants have higher application value, and are anticipated to be used in potato functional genome research, gene improvement and germplasm innovation.

An EMS mutant library for cucumber

Cucumber is an important vegetable crop and a model crop for the study of sex expression in plants. However, the genomic resources and tools for functional genomics studies in cucumber are still limited. In this paper, we conducted ethyl methyl sulfone（EMS） mutagenesis in the northern China ecotype cucumber inbred line 406 to construct a mutant library. We optimized the conditions of EMS mutagenesis on inbred line 406 which included treatment of seeds at 1.5% EMS for 12h. We obtained a number of mutant lines showing inheritable morphological changes in plant architecture, leaves, floral organs, fruits and other traits through M1, M2 and M3 generations. The F2 segregating populations were constructed and analyzed.We found that a short fruit mutant and a yellow-green fruit peel mutant were both under the control of a single recessive gene, respectively. These results provide valuable germplasm resources for the improvement of cucumber genetics and functional genomic research.

Variations in chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis in Setaria EMS mutants

Chlorophyll (Chl) content,especially Chl b content,and stomatal conductance (G_s) are the key factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate (P_n).Setaria italica,a diploid C_4 panicoid species with a simple genome and high transformation efficiency,has been widely accepted as a model in photosynthesis and drought-tolerance research.The current study characterized Chl content,G_s,and P_n of 48 Setaria mutants induced by ethyl methanesulfonate.A total of 24,34,and 35 mutants had significant variations in Chl content,G_s,and P_n,respectively.Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between increased G_s and increased P_n,and a weak correlation between decreased Chl b content and decreased P_n was also found.Remarkably,two mutants behaved with significantly decreased Chl b content but increased P_n compared to Yugu 1.Seven mutants behaved with significantly decreased G_s but did not decrease P_(n )compared to Yugu 1.The current study thus identified various genetic lines,further exploration of which would be beneficial to elucidate the relationship between Chl content,G_s,and P_n and the mechanism underlying why C_4 species are efficient at photosynthesis and water saving.

Construction of EMS-Induced Peanut Mutant Libraries and Identification of Pod-Related Traits Mutant Lines

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an oil and economic crop of vital importance,and peanut pod is the key organ influencing the yield and processing quality.Hence,the Pod-related traits(PRTs)are considered as important agronomic traits in peanut breeding.To broaden the variability of PRTs in current peanut germplasms,three elite peanut cultivars were used to construct Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-induced mutant libraries in this study.The optimal EMS treatment conditions for the three peanut varieties were determined.It was found that the median lethal dose(LD50)of EMS treatment varied greatly among different genotypes.Finally,the EMS-induced peanut mutant libraries were constructed and a total of 124 mutant lines for PRTs were identified and evaluated.Furthermore,“M-8070”,one of the mutant lines for pod constriction,was re-sequenced via high-throughput sequencing technology.The genome-wide variations between“M-8070”and its wild parent“Fuhua 8”(FH 8)were detected.2994 EMS-induced single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 1188 insertion-deletions(InDels)between“M-8070”and its wild parent were identified.The predominant SNP mutation type was C/G to T/A transitions,while the predominant InDel mutation type was“1-bp”.We analyzed the distribution of identified mutations and annotated their functions.Most of the mutations(91.68%of the SNPs and 77.69%of the InDels)were located in the intergenic region.72 SNPs were identified in the exonic region,leading to 27 synonymous,43 nonsynonymous and 2 stop-gain variation for gene structure.13 Indels were identified in the exonic region,leading to 4 frame-shift,8 non-frame-shift and 1 stop-gain variations of genes.These mutations may lead to the phenotypic variation of“M-8070”.Our study provided valuable resources for peanut improvement and functional genomic research.

Characterization and mapping of QTLs on chromosome 2D for grain size and yield traits using a mutant line induced by EMS in wheat

Production of mutants with altered phenotypes is a powerful approach for determining the biological functions of genes in an organism. In this study, a high-grain-weight mutant line M8008 was identified from a library of mutants of the common wheat cultivar YN15 treated with ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS). F2 and F2:3generations produced from crosses of M8008 × YN15(MY) and M8008 × SJZ54(MS) were used for genetic analysis. There were significant differences between M8008 and YN15 in plant height(PH), spike length(SL),fertile spikelet number per spike(FSS), grain width(GW), grain length(GL), GL/GW ratio(GLW), and thousand-grain weight(TGW). Most simple correlation coefficients were significant for the investigated traits, suggesting that the correlative mutations occurred in M8008. Approximately 21% of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers showed polymorphisms between M8008 and YN15, indicating that EMS can induce a large number of mutated loci. Twelve quantitative trait loci(QTLs) forming QTL clusters(one in MY and two in MS) were detected. The QTL clusters coinciding with(MY population) or near(MS population) the marker wmc41 were associated mainly with grain-size traits, among which the M8008 locus led to decreases in GW, factor form density(FFD), and TGW and to increases in GLW. The cluster in the wmc25–barc168 interval in the MS population was associated with yield traits, for which the M8008 locus led to decreased PH, spike number per plant(SN), and SL.

Characterization of New Allelic Variation for Glutenin in EMS-Mutant Durum Wheat Population （Triticum turgidum L. subsp, durum （Desf.））

The High Molecular Weight HMW-GS and Low-Molecular-Weight LMW-GS Glutenin Subunits are major determinants of wheat dough processing qualities. Tilling populations was generated by EMS mutagenesis from Chaml durum variety. Protein quality was investigated by SDS sedimentation, protein content, gluten content and thousand kernel weights. 21 mutants were selected from 1,500 lines of tilling population depending on the variations of their electrophoresis profiles. The analysis of Glu-B 1 HMW-GS has showed two types of profiles： lines deficient on Bx7 and lines with expression of new protein between （Bx7-ByS） allelic pair combination. The majority of these mutant lines have showed quality compounds associated with bad technological characteristics like the parent Cham l with the exception of two mutant lines expressing new protein that have significantly stronger gluten properties an one mutant deficient on Bx7 HMW-GS that developed high value of SDS. For Glu-B3 LMW-GS coding for LMW glutenin type 1 and 2, new mutant line showing expression of new protein pattern. The mutant showing over-expression of bands on gel SDS-PAGE for LMW typel like Chaml, have produced the highest protein and gluten content, while the new mutant showing new profile have showed high value of Gluten and SDS.

不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代主要品质含量变化影响分析

为探究不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代主要品质含量变化的影响,文章利用0.5%EMS溶液处理大豆高蛋白品系公交1057-1,分别浸泡4、7和10 h(清水冲洗处理为对照),对播种后获得的连续4代诱变后代主要品质含量变化进行分析。结果表明,与对照相较,经EMS处理后的植株成活率随处理时间延长而降低。其中,经EMS-4处理后的植株成活率最高,为43.5%;经EMS-10处理后的植株成活率最低,仅为16.0%。不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代的蛋白质含量影响显著,对脂肪含量影响不明显。其中经EMS-4处理的诱变后代蛋白质含量高于其他3组处理;经EMS-4处理后的M2代蛋白质含量发生显著分离,并出现超亲个体,脂肪含量变化不显著。

甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对谷子种子及幼苗活力的影响

为了探明甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变嫩选18种子构建突变体库的最适条件,加快品种选育进程,本研究对嫩选18种子进行了3种处理时间、3种EMS处理浓度的化学诱导,并对M1种子发芽及幼苗生长的诱变效应进行研究。结果表明:与对照相比,EMS处理在浓度0.4%下浸种6 h对嫩选18的发芽率及幼苗生长影响差异不显著,随着EMS浸种浓度、时间增加,种子萌发及幼苗生长逐渐受到抑制,在1.2%浓度下浸种14 h对种子萌发及幼苗生长抑制作用最强,极大降低了嫩选18的发芽势、发芽率、成苗率,并且导致幼苗生长缓慢。以存活率达到50%为标准,通过回归方程计算出在6 h、10 h、14 h浸种时间下,EMS浓度的半致死剂量分别为0.99%、0.72%、0.38%,可作为嫩选18 EMS诱变建立突变体库的适合条件。

禾本科植物EMS诱变研究进展

EMS是化学诱变中最常用的诱变剂,EMS诱变具有单个碱基点突变率高、成本低、易操作等优点,通过EMS诱变获得突变体可以为育种和基因功能研究提供有利的材料。EMS诱变技术的关键是确定EMS浓度和诱变时间,一般以达到半致死率的浓度和时间为最佳处理组合。禾本科植物中主要以种子为诱变材料,同时花粉、愈伤组织以及依靠营养繁殖的禾本科植物的营养器官也可以作为诱变材料。不同植物材料对EMS的耐受性不同,花粉最敏感,其次是愈伤组织,无性繁殖材料和种子的耐受性较强。突变体的筛选方式包括表型对比筛选、逆境定向筛选和正、反向遗传学筛选。本文综述了近年来EMS诱变技术在禾本科植物育种和基因功能研究中的应用,介绍了EMS的诱变原理、诱变剂浓度、处理时间、诱变处理材料的选择及突变体的筛选,并对未来禾本科植物中的EMS诱变研究进行了展望,为今后禾本科植物的EMS诱变研究提供参考。

达乌里胡枝子愈伤组织及种子EMS诱变研究

为优化达乌里胡枝子愈伤诱导培养基的激素含量及比例,明确甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变愈伤组织及种子的最佳条件,本研究以达乌里胡枝子种子为外植体,探究了不同激素配比对愈伤诱导的影响,并针对愈伤组织和种子处理分别设置了两时间两浓度(2 h和6 h,0.3%和0.9%)及三时间两浓度(6 h、8 h、10 h,0.4%、0.8%)的EMS处理时间和浓度的组合,研究各处理对愈伤分化系数和后期植株成活率以及种子发芽率、发芽势和幼苗表型变异的影响。结果表明,达乌里胡枝子种子愈伤的最佳激素配比为0.25 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D,此时达乌里胡枝子愈伤诱导率为94.9%。EMS诱变达乌里胡枝子愈伤组织的适宜浓度为0.3%,处理时间为6 h,分化系数和植株相对成活率分别为46.31%和47.78%,接近半致死范围,且生根数、根长和平均株高等指标与高浓度EMS处理相比受到的负面影响较小。EMS诱变达乌里胡枝子种子的适宜浓度为0.8%,处理时间10 h,发芽率、出苗率、成苗率分别为53.61%、51.06%和53.28%,均接近半致死量,同时发现多株幼苗叶片出现了明显的形态变异。本试验在达乌里胡枝子原有种质资源基础上,丰富了达乌里胡枝子突变体库,也为后续开展达乌里胡枝子诱变育种研究提供理论依据。

甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对黄蜀葵植株表型性状和花黄酮类成分含量的影响及优株筛选

以甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)为化学诱变剂,对体积分数1.0%(T1)、1.2%(T2)、1.4%(T3)、1.6%(T4)EMS诱变处理后黄蜀葵〔Abelmoschus manihot(Linn.)Medik.〕植株表型性状和花黄酮类成分含量差异进行比较,对单株花产量和花黄酮类成分含量与植株表型性状进行相关性分析,并基于单株花总黄酮产量进行优株筛选。结果表明:与对照组(体积分数0.0%EMS)相比,EMS处理组黄蜀葵株型变为接近丛生或丛生,叶裂片细长,花冠较小。4个EMS处理组黄蜀葵的株高较对照组显著(P<0.05)降低,茎粗与对照组差异不显著;随着EMS体积分数增加,叶片长、叶片宽、叶裂片长、叶裂片宽总体上先降低后升高,其中,体积分数1.4%和1.6%EMS处理组的叶片长、叶片宽、叶裂片长、叶裂片宽均高于或显著高于对照组;4个EMS处理组的花直径和花瓣宽低于或显著低于对照组,花瓣长和始花节数与对照组差异不显著,但体积分数1.4%和1.6%EMS处理组的单株开花数和单株花产量显著高于对照组。与对照组相比,4个EMS处理组花中6个黄酮类成分及总黄酮含量多无显著变化,仅体积分数1.0%和1.4%EMS处理组的棉皮素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷含量以及体积分数1.0%EMS处理组的槲皮素-3′-O-葡萄糖苷含量显著升高。相关性分析结果显示:单株花产量与茎粗、叶片长、叶裂片长、始花节数和蒴果长显著正相关,与单株开花数极显著(P<0.01)正相关,而花中6个黄酮类成分和总黄酮含量与植株表型性状多无显著相关性。优株筛选结果显示:编号T3-3、T4-5、T3-1和T1-3植株的单株花总黄酮产量均在65 g以上,排名前4。总体来看,体积分数1.4%EMS的诱变效果最佳;并且,编号T3-3、T4-5、T3-1和T1-3单株可作为黄蜀葵高花总黄酮产量的优株。

EMS诱变对鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发及幼苗表型特征的影响

【目的】筛选适宜鹰嘴紫云英的EMS诱变条件。【方法】以鹰嘴紫云英品种甘绿2号种子为试验材料,采用不同浓度(0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%)的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)进行不同时间(2、4、6、8 h)的诱变处理,探究EMS对鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发特征及表型变化的影响。【结果】低浓度和短时间EMS处理促进鹰嘴紫云英种子的萌发,随EMS浓度升高和诱变时间的增加,对鹰嘴紫云英种子萌发产生抑制作用。种子浸出液电导率随诱变条件的加深呈上升趋势,在2~6 h时,萌发期发芽率、发芽势、幼苗苗长和根长均随处理时间和诱变浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,在8 h处理下,随EMS浓度的增加呈逐渐降低趋势,EMS浓度在0.8%时,种子发芽率和发芽势均达到最低,较对照分别降低了54.45%和56.67%;经形态学筛选,发现有鹰嘴紫云英幼苗表现出幼苗矮小、停滞生长、叶片黄化、宽叶、窄叶、叶片发紫、诸多病斑等特殊变异性状。【结论】0.8%EMS处理6 h可作为最佳诱变组合;幼苗的生长随诱变时间和浓度增加而明显受到抑制,且表型变异类型也逐步增多。

籽用美洲南瓜EMS诱变突变体库的构建及表型分析

【目的】构建籽用美洲南瓜突变体库,加快籽用美洲南瓜种质资源创新进程,对南瓜品种选育、品种改良以及遗传基础的拓宽具有重要的意义。【方法】利用1.8%诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理籽用美洲南瓜ZHL4种子15 h,然后对M_(1)和M_(2)代群体单株进行表型变异观察,同时对M_(2)群体变异株系ZHL4-33进行显微组织结构观察。【结果】(1)M_(2)群体中共筛选到242个突变植株,45种表型变异,变异类型涵盖了突变株的各个生长时期以及各植物器官,总的突变频率达到25.17%。(2)突变体叶片栅栏组织厚度显著高于野生型,排列紧凑,维管形成层痕迹明显;突变体茎维管束多而密集,导管直径小于野生型,髓部发达,细胞间隙较小,细胞数目有所增加。【结论】初步构建了由425个M_(2)家系所组成的籽用美洲南瓜突变体库,为籽用美洲南瓜功能基因组研究和新品种选育奠定了材料基础。

芒果^(60)Co-γ、EMS诱变及SC-SSR分子标记遗传多样性分析

诱变育种是短时间内增加物种遗传多样性和表型变异的最有效方法之一。为探明诱变创制芒果突变体基因库可行性,本研究以凯特芒果为试验材料,通过^(60)Co-γ射线辐射枝条和EMS溶液浸泡种子创制诱变群体材料,利用SC-SSR分子标记进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:^(60)Co-γ射线辐射半致死剂量为31.37 Gy,0.2%EMS溶液浸泡半致死时间为5.9 h;利用16对SC-SSR引物分析100份诱变材料和1份凯特材料的遗传多样性,共检测出117个多态性位点,引物多态性条带百分比、多态性信息含量(PIC)、观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)平均值分别为93.18%、0.610、1.923、1.583、0.334和0.493;试验材料间遗传相似系数在0.373~0.984之间,平均为0.779。诱变增加了芒果遗传信息,其中EMS诱变种子变异更大,本研究结果为芒果诱变育种提供了理论依据。

EMS诱变的水稻不同位点突变体对ALS抑制剂类除草剂抗性差异

稻田杂草严重威胁水稻生长,培育抗除草剂水稻新品种,是高效解决稻田杂草危害的重要途径之一。本研究利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对华占水稻进行化学诱变,创建突变体,利用乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂类除草剂甲咪唑烟酸(20 g/hm 2,有效成分)对突变体进行筛选,获得抗甲咪唑烟酸突变体材料,并对上述突变体的OsALS基因序列进行分析,明确其突变类型。最后对不同突变类型对甲氧咪草烟和甲基二磺隆的交互抗性进行分析。结果表明,华占水稻经EMS诱变和甲咪唑烟酸筛选后共获得11株抗甲咪唑烟酸突变体材料,其突变类型为Pro171Leu、Ser627Cys、Ser627Asn和Gly628Glu 4种。其中,Ser627Cys为首次发现的突变类型。4种突变类型对甲咪唑烟酸的抗性水平存在一定的差异,Ser627Asn、Ser627Cys、Pro171Leu、Gly628Glu突变类型的抗性指数分别为8.71、5.16、3.28和3.69。4种突变类型对甲氧咪草烟和甲基二磺隆的抗性亦存在显著差异。其中,Ser627Asn突变类型对甲氧咪草烟的抗性最高,抗性指数为20.57,Gly628Glu对甲基二磺隆抗性最高,抗性指数为5.11。综上,本研究通过EMS诱变获得了4种抗ALS抑制剂类除草剂的华占水稻突变类型,并鉴定了其对甲咪唑烟酸的抗性差异及对甲氧咪草烟和甲基二磺隆的交互抗性,为进一步的抗除草剂水稻品种培育和除草剂轮换使用提供依据。

基于EMS管理模式的延续性护理在学龄前喘息性疾病儿童中的应用观察

目的·探讨基于EMS[环境管理(environment management,E)、用药指导(medicine direction,M)与自我监测(self monitoring,S)]管理模式的延续性护理在学龄前喘息性疾病儿童中的应用效果。方法·选取2019年12月至2020年11月,在上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医院呼吸科收治的67例0~6岁喘息性疾病患儿,按照随机数字表分为观察组33例和对照组34例,其中失访3例,最终每组32例。观察组采用基于EMS管理模式的延续性护理,对照组给予常规护理和出院电话随访。2组患儿出院后1、3、6个月随访评估儿童呼吸和哮喘测试(Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids,TRACK)结果、喘息复发情况;出院后6个月随访采用支气管哮喘用药依从性评分表(Medication Adherence Report Scale for Asthma,MARS-A)和护理工作满意度调查表评估用药依从性及护理工作满意度。结果·2组患儿人口学特征及临床基线特征差异无统计学意义。重复测量方差分析结果显示,时间、组别、组别×时间的交互作用对TRACK总分的影响均有统计学意义;出院后1、3、6个月,观察组TRACK总分均显著高于对照组(均P=0.000);2组患儿TRACK总分均随时间推移逐渐上升(P=0.000)。观察组1、3、6个月随访发现喘息复发率分别为25.0%、18.7%、9.4%,均显著低于对照组(分别为50.0%、43.7%、31.3%,均P<0.05);广义估计方程分析显示组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),观察组干预效果优于对照组(OR=0.292)。出院后6个月观察组MARS-A得分为(4.519±0.395)分,显著高于对照组[(3.994±0.739)分,P=0.001]。护理工作满意度调查结果显示,观察组显著高于对照组(P=0.000)。患儿MARS-A得分与护理工作满意度呈中度正相关(r=0.389,P=0.001)。结论·基于EMS管理模式的延续性护理可显著提高学龄前喘息性疾病儿童的用药依从性和喘息控制水平,明显降低喘息复发率,以及提高护理工作满意度。

EMS诱变对大麦种子萌发及M_(1)代植株成熟期主要性状的影响

为探究甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对大麦种子萌发及M_(1)代植株成熟期主要表型性状突变的影响,以啤酒大麦品种新啤6号为材料,分别用0.00%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的EMS浸种10 h,分析各浓度EMS处理对种子发芽势、发芽率、致死率、畸变率、幼苗叶绿素含量、根系活力和形态指标的影响,记录0.10%EMS诱变后M_(1)代成熟期植株主要性状的突变类型和突变频率。结果表明,EMS明显抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长,并产生了大量的性状突变。与对照相比,0.10%EMS浸种显著降低了种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗叶绿素含量和根系活力,致死率和畸变率显著提高;0.15%和0.20%EMS浸种显著降低了幼苗根和芽的长度、鲜重和干重,胚芽鞘干重显著提高。田间统计发现,0.10%EMS处理的M_(1)代植株主要突变性状集中在茎秆、叶片、穗形和育性等方面,产生了红秆、矮秆、红叶、芒卷、穗畸形、结实率低和分蘖少等性状,突变频率分别20.17%、4.87%、1.08%、16.67%、0.94%、14.00%和6.02%。因此,通过EMS诱变构建大麦突变体库和创制种质资源。