This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experience...This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experienced financial distress, the audit reports are not similar, despite all companies are similarly troubled financially. Companies receive either a disclaimer or an emphasis of matter （EOM） report. The study finds that which of the two reports is given is associated with three variables： current-year operating loss, shareholders＇ deficit, and default status, implying that audit reports do convey information that financial distress is not of the same level and severity among PN 17 companies.展开更多
Background:Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma(MM)progression.Simultaneously,previous studies showed the possibility of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on T cells upo...Background:Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma(MM)progression.Simultaneously,previous studies showed the possibility of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on T cells upon stimulation with commonγ-chain family cytokines in vitro and during homeostatic proliferation.The aim of the present work was to study the impact of homeostatic proliferation on the expansion of certain T cell subsets upregulating PD-1 and TIM-3 checkpoint molecules.Methods:The expression of CD25,CD122,CD127 commonγ-chain cytokine receptors,phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5(pSTAT5)and eomesodermin(EOMES)was comparatively assessed with flow cytometry in PD-1-and TIM-3-negative and positive T cells before the conditioning and during the first post-transplant month in peripheral blood samples of MM patients.Results:Substantial proportions of PD-1-and TIM-3-positive T lymphocytes expressed commonγ-chain cytokine receptors and pSTAT5.Frequencies of cytokine receptor expressing cells were significantly higher within TIM-3+T cells compared to PD-1+TIM-3−subsets.Considerable proportions of both PD-1-/TIM-3-negative and positive CD8+T cells express EOMES,while only moderate frequencies of CD4+PD-1+/TIM-3+T cells up-regulate this transcription factor.Besides,the surface presence of CD25 and intranuclear expression of EOMES in CD4+T cells were mutually exclusive regardless of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression.The stimulation with commonγ-chain cytokines up-regulates PD-1 and TIM-3 during the proliferation of initially PD-1/TIM-3-negative T cells but fails to expand initially PD-1+and TIM-3+T cell subsets in vitro.Conclusions:Both PD-1 and TIM-3 expressing T cells appear to be able to respond to homeostatic cytokine stimulation.Differences in commonγ-chain cytokine receptor expression between PD-1+and TIM-3+T cells may reflect functional dissimilarity of these cell subsets.Checkpoint blockade appears to alleviate lymphopenia-induced proliferation of PD-1+T cells but may raise the possibility of immune-mediated adverse events.展开更多
T-box expressed in T cells(T-bet)和Eomesodermin(Eomes)是调控I型效应T细胞的重要转录因子,对CD4I型辅助T细胞(Th1细胞)、NK细胞、CD8+细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)等的分化发育和功能调控有重要作用。机体的抗肿瘤免疫主要依赖T淋巴细胞介...T-box expressed in T cells(T-bet)和Eomesodermin(Eomes)是调控I型效应T细胞的重要转录因子,对CD4I型辅助T细胞(Th1细胞)、NK细胞、CD8+细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)等的分化发育和功能调控有重要作用。机体的抗肿瘤免疫主要依赖T淋巴细胞介导的适应性免疫应答和NK细胞介导的固有免疫应答。T-bet和Eomes通过调控这些免疫细胞影响抗肿瘤免疫应答,对肿瘤的发生、发展及转归有重要意义。展开更多
Objective C/eome rutidosperma （Capparidaceae）, commonly known as ＂Fringed Spider Flower＂, is a medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia. C. rutidosperma is used in folk medicine for diuretic, laxative, analgesic, a...Objective C/eome rutidosperma （Capparidaceae）, commonly known as ＂Fringed Spider Flower＂, is a medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia. C. rutidosperma is used in folk medicine for diuretic, laxative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and anthelmintic activities. We have evaluated the anti-nociceptive properties of methanol extract from C. rutidosperma （MECR） in vivo. Methods Thermal method （hot plate test and tail flick test） was induced to judge the anti-inflammatory effect and couple of chemical method also used （formalin induced licking test; writhing test carried by acetic acid） to evaluate analgesic effect. Both of these tests were made over animal models, like mice and rats. Two different doses （1 O0 and 200 mg/kg） were used for each case of test, while morphine sulphate （5mg/kg, ip） was used as reference drug. Results MECR demonstrated the significantly anti-nociceptive activity in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests by reducing nociception in mice models （P 〈 0.001）. in the hot-plate and tail-flick tests, MECR significantly elongated the time to response to the thermal stimuli （100 and 200 mg/kg with P 〈 0.05, 0.001）. The remarkable increase in the latency was observed at 90 and 120 min. In acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin induced licking test for anti-inflammatory activity, MECR at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses exhibited significant （P〈 0.001） reduction of writhing and licking response. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of C. rutidosperma propose that this effect may be a result of both peripheral and central mechanisms. Further study is required to ensure the proper mechanism of action as well as the active ingredient.展开更多
文摘This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experienced financial distress, the audit reports are not similar, despite all companies are similarly troubled financially. Companies receive either a disclaimer or an emphasis of matter （EOM） report. The study finds that which of the two reports is given is associated with three variables： current-year operating loss, shareholders＇ deficit, and default status, implying that audit reports do convey information that financial distress is not of the same level and severity among PN 17 companies.
文摘Background:Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma(MM)progression.Simultaneously,previous studies showed the possibility of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on T cells upon stimulation with commonγ-chain family cytokines in vitro and during homeostatic proliferation.The aim of the present work was to study the impact of homeostatic proliferation on the expansion of certain T cell subsets upregulating PD-1 and TIM-3 checkpoint molecules.Methods:The expression of CD25,CD122,CD127 commonγ-chain cytokine receptors,phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5(pSTAT5)and eomesodermin(EOMES)was comparatively assessed with flow cytometry in PD-1-and TIM-3-negative and positive T cells before the conditioning and during the first post-transplant month in peripheral blood samples of MM patients.Results:Substantial proportions of PD-1-and TIM-3-positive T lymphocytes expressed commonγ-chain cytokine receptors and pSTAT5.Frequencies of cytokine receptor expressing cells were significantly higher within TIM-3+T cells compared to PD-1+TIM-3−subsets.Considerable proportions of both PD-1-/TIM-3-negative and positive CD8+T cells express EOMES,while only moderate frequencies of CD4+PD-1+/TIM-3+T cells up-regulate this transcription factor.Besides,the surface presence of CD25 and intranuclear expression of EOMES in CD4+T cells were mutually exclusive regardless of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression.The stimulation with commonγ-chain cytokines up-regulates PD-1 and TIM-3 during the proliferation of initially PD-1/TIM-3-negative T cells but fails to expand initially PD-1+and TIM-3+T cell subsets in vitro.Conclusions:Both PD-1 and TIM-3 expressing T cells appear to be able to respond to homeostatic cytokine stimulation.Differences in commonγ-chain cytokine receptor expression between PD-1+and TIM-3+T cells may reflect functional dissimilarity of these cell subsets.Checkpoint blockade appears to alleviate lymphopenia-induced proliferation of PD-1+T cells but may raise the possibility of immune-mediated adverse events.
文摘T-box expressed in T cells(T-bet)和Eomesodermin(Eomes)是调控I型效应T细胞的重要转录因子,对CD4I型辅助T细胞(Th1细胞)、NK细胞、CD8+细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)等的分化发育和功能调控有重要作用。机体的抗肿瘤免疫主要依赖T淋巴细胞介导的适应性免疫应答和NK细胞介导的固有免疫应答。T-bet和Eomes通过调控这些免疫细胞影响抗肿瘤免疫应答,对肿瘤的发生、发展及转归有重要意义。
文摘Objective C/eome rutidosperma （Capparidaceae）, commonly known as ＂Fringed Spider Flower＂, is a medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia. C. rutidosperma is used in folk medicine for diuretic, laxative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and anthelmintic activities. We have evaluated the anti-nociceptive properties of methanol extract from C. rutidosperma （MECR） in vivo. Methods Thermal method （hot plate test and tail flick test） was induced to judge the anti-inflammatory effect and couple of chemical method also used （formalin induced licking test; writhing test carried by acetic acid） to evaluate analgesic effect. Both of these tests were made over animal models, like mice and rats. Two different doses （1 O0 and 200 mg/kg） were used for each case of test, while morphine sulphate （5mg/kg, ip） was used as reference drug. Results MECR demonstrated the significantly anti-nociceptive activity in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests by reducing nociception in mice models （P 〈 0.001）. in the hot-plate and tail-flick tests, MECR significantly elongated the time to response to the thermal stimuli （100 and 200 mg/kg with P 〈 0.05, 0.001）. The remarkable increase in the latency was observed at 90 and 120 min. In acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin induced licking test for anti-inflammatory activity, MECR at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses exhibited significant （P〈 0.001） reduction of writhing and licking response. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of C. rutidosperma propose that this effect may be a result of both peripheral and central mechanisms. Further study is required to ensure the proper mechanism of action as well as the active ingredient.
