由cAMP激活的交换蛋白分子(exchange protein activated by c AMP,Epac)是近年来新发现的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子,参与一系列cAMP介导的信号通路。纤维化疾病是临床上常见的一类疾病,是在正常生理学(如衰老)或不同致病因素持续刺激下,使...由cAMP激活的交换蛋白分子(exchange protein activated by c AMP,Epac)是近年来新发现的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子,参与一系列cAMP介导的信号通路。纤维化疾病是临床上常见的一类疾病,是在正常生理学(如衰老)或不同致病因素持续刺激下,使得细胞外基质过度沉积的结果。有研究表明,Epac在纤维化疾病中发挥重要作用,因此,该文对Epac在纤维化疾病中的作用进行综述,以促进对于Epac相关机制及药物的研究与开发。展开更多
c AMP激活的交换蛋白(exchange protein directly activated by c AMP,Epac)是Ras类小GTP酶Rap1和Rap2的鸟苷酸转换因子,于1998年作为第二信使c AMP的一个新的感应器被发现。应用Epac激动剂的分子及细胞水平的研究分析了Epac蛋白质在肾...c AMP激活的交换蛋白(exchange protein directly activated by c AMP,Epac)是Ras类小GTP酶Rap1和Rap2的鸟苷酸转换因子,于1998年作为第二信使c AMP的一个新的感应器被发现。应用Epac激动剂的分子及细胞水平的研究分析了Epac蛋白质在肾脏生理中所起的作用及规律,Epac蛋白质的特异性功能取决于它们在肾脏的表达定位以及在细胞微环境中的数量。本篇综述根据最近的文献报道,着重描述了Epac在肾小管的表达、定位以及在离子转运中的生理功能。展开更多
Millions of people worldwide are affected by traumatic spinal cord injury,which usually results in permanent sensorimotor disability.Damage to the spinal cord leads to a series of detrimental events including ischaemi...Millions of people worldwide are affected by traumatic spinal cord injury,which usually results in permanent sensorimotor disability.Damage to the spinal cord leads to a series of detrimental events including ischaemia,haemorrhage and neuroinflammation,which over time result in further neural tissue loss.Eventually,at chronic stages of traumatic spinal cord injury,the formation of a glial scar,cystic cavitation and the presence of numerous inhibitory molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to axonal regrowth.This is further hindered by a lack of intrinsic regrowth ability of adult neurons in the central nervous system.The intracellular signalling molecule,cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate(cAMP),is known to play many important roles in the central nervous system,and elevating its levels as shown to improve axonal regeneration outcomes following traumatic spinal cord injury in animal models.However,therapies directly targeting cAMP have not found their way into the clinic,as cAMP is ubiquitously present in all cell types and its manipulation may have additional deleterious effects.A downstream effector of cAMP,exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2(Epac2),is mainly expressed in the adult central nervous system,and its activation has been shown to mediate the positive effects of cAMP on axonal guidance and regeneration.Recently,using ex vivo modelling of traumatic spinal cord injury,Epac2 activation was found to profoundly modulate the post-lesion environment,such as decreasing the activation of astrocytes and microglia.Pilot data with Epac2 activation also suggested functional improvement assessed by in vivo models of traumatic spinal cord injury.Therefore,targeting Epac2 in traumatic spinal cord injury could represent a novel strategy in traumatic spinal cord injury repair,and future work is needed to fully establish its therapeutic potential.展开更多
文摘由cAMP激活的交换蛋白分子(exchange protein activated by c AMP,Epac)是近年来新发现的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子,参与一系列cAMP介导的信号通路。纤维化疾病是临床上常见的一类疾病,是在正常生理学(如衰老)或不同致病因素持续刺激下,使得细胞外基质过度沉积的结果。有研究表明,Epac在纤维化疾病中发挥重要作用,因此,该文对Epac在纤维化疾病中的作用进行综述,以促进对于Epac相关机制及药物的研究与开发。
文摘c AMP激活的交换蛋白(exchange protein directly activated by c AMP,Epac)是Ras类小GTP酶Rap1和Rap2的鸟苷酸转换因子,于1998年作为第二信使c AMP的一个新的感应器被发现。应用Epac激动剂的分子及细胞水平的研究分析了Epac蛋白质在肾脏生理中所起的作用及规律,Epac蛋白质的特异性功能取决于它们在肾脏的表达定位以及在细胞微环境中的数量。本篇综述根据最近的文献报道,着重描述了Epac在肾小管的表达、定位以及在离子转运中的生理功能。
基金supported by Scottish Rugby Union funding to WH and DSthe NRB PhD scholarship from the International Spinal Rsesarch Trust to AGBa Hot-Start Scholarship from the University of aberdeen to DD。
文摘Millions of people worldwide are affected by traumatic spinal cord injury,which usually results in permanent sensorimotor disability.Damage to the spinal cord leads to a series of detrimental events including ischaemia,haemorrhage and neuroinflammation,which over time result in further neural tissue loss.Eventually,at chronic stages of traumatic spinal cord injury,the formation of a glial scar,cystic cavitation and the presence of numerous inhibitory molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to axonal regrowth.This is further hindered by a lack of intrinsic regrowth ability of adult neurons in the central nervous system.The intracellular signalling molecule,cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate(cAMP),is known to play many important roles in the central nervous system,and elevating its levels as shown to improve axonal regeneration outcomes following traumatic spinal cord injury in animal models.However,therapies directly targeting cAMP have not found their way into the clinic,as cAMP is ubiquitously present in all cell types and its manipulation may have additional deleterious effects.A downstream effector of cAMP,exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2(Epac2),is mainly expressed in the adult central nervous system,and its activation has been shown to mediate the positive effects of cAMP on axonal guidance and regeneration.Recently,using ex vivo modelling of traumatic spinal cord injury,Epac2 activation was found to profoundly modulate the post-lesion environment,such as decreasing the activation of astrocytes and microglia.Pilot data with Epac2 activation also suggested functional improvement assessed by in vivo models of traumatic spinal cord injury.Therefore,targeting Epac2 in traumatic spinal cord injury could represent a novel strategy in traumatic spinal cord injury repair,and future work is needed to fully establish its therapeutic potential.
