Marigold(Tagetes erecta L., African marigold) is a widely grown ornamental plant and a main source of the carotenoid lutein for the industrial production of pharmaceuticals, food coloring, and feed additives. To gain ...Marigold(Tagetes erecta L., African marigold) is a widely grown ornamental plant and a main source of the carotenoid lutein for the industrial production of pharmaceuticals, food coloring, and feed additives. To gain a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanism of lutein in marigold, a chromosome-scale assembly of the marigold(T. erecta V-01) genome was completed based on Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C reads. The707.21-Mb assembled genome consisted of 35 834 annotated protein-coding genes, with 97.7% genomic integrity. We anchored 87.8% of the contigs(covering 621.20 Mb) to 12 pseudochromosomes, bringing the scaffold N50 length to 54.15 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis showed that marigold was closely related to the Asteraceae species bitter vine(Mikania micrantha) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus), all three of which originated in the Americas. Marigold diverged from the sunflower clade 23.57 million years ago(MYA) and from M. micrantha 19.59 MYA.Marigold has undergone three whole-genome duplication events, as well as a recent whole-genome duplication event(WGD-2) common to H.annuus and M. micrantha. Marigold gene families were significantly less expanded than those of M. micrantha or H. annuus, and the marigold genome contained significantly fewer interspersed repeats, which might account for its smaller genome. In addition, a range of candidate genes involved in the lutein biosynthetic pathway were identified. The high-quality reference genome obtained in this study provided a valuable genomic resource for studying the evolution of the Asteraceae family and for improving marigold breeding strategies.展开更多
Marigold black spot caused by Alternaria tagetica is a major disease that can decrease marigold production by 40%,resulting in serious economic losses.In this study,we identified many genes responsive to A.tagetica in...Marigold black spot caused by Alternaria tagetica is a major disease that can decrease marigold production by 40%,resulting in serious economic losses.In this study,we identified many genes responsive to A.tagetica in the resistant and susceptible marigold genotypes.Analyses of differentially expressed genes,expression trends,and a weighted gene co-expression network revealed a series of hub genes with key roles in different A.tagetica infection stages.Additionally,1216 unigenes encoding transcription factors from eight families were differentially expressed between Ts and Ma.Moreover,R genes fromvarious families(e.g.,N,NL,RLP,and TNL)were differentially expressed in the twomarigold genotypes before and after the inoculation with A.tagetica.Pathway diagrams were used to visualize the leaf transcriptional changes in the two marigold genotypes infected by A.tagetica to clarify the effects of A.tagetica on the expression patterns of genes involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling,plant–pathogen interactions,and plant hormone signal transduction.We identified candidate genes related to disease resistance and generated valuable resources for analyzing the candidate gene functions related to black spot resistance in marigold.The study data may be useful for the molecular marker-assisted screening and breeding of marigold lines with increased disease resistance.展开更多
Plant essential oils and their constituents have proven to be very effective against insects, especially termites. They are the best alternative to synthetic pesticides that are harmless to the environment and human h...Plant essential oils and their constituents have proven to be very effective against insects, especially termites. They are the best alternative to synthetic pesticides that are harmless to the environment and human health. In the present study, different enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase, were evaluated in Indian termite Odontotermes obesus in a combination preparation based on Tagetes erecta essential oil. For the study of anti-termite effects against worker termites were treated topically with 40% and 80% of the 24-hour LD50 values of various combination formulations. Subsequent bioassays at 40% and 80% of LD50 of combinatorial preparations S-AST-A, S-AST-B, and S-AST-C resulted in a significant (p > 0.05) decrease in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase. After 16 hours of treatment, they were 87.92%, 80.17%, 89.30%, 79.17%, 81.92% and 73.17% respectively. In vivo exposures of 40% and 80% of the LD50 of the combination formulation caused a highly significant (p > 0.05) reduction (p > 0.05) of all test enzymes tested compared to controls. The effects of different oil formulations exhibited time- and dose-dependent responses, resulting in physiological changes in the concentrations of various enzymes. The combined mixture of Tagetes erecta essential oils has significantly better anti-termite ability compared to inorganic insecticides. Findings from this study will help support termite control in fields, gardens and homes in a sustainable way, without the downsides of insecticide resistance and pollution. These could potentially be used to produce commercial formulations for use against pests.展开更多
In present investigation, various bio-molecular parameters i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid, were determined for evaluation of anti-termite efficacy of Tagetes erecta essential oil based combinat...In present investigation, various bio-molecular parameters i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid, were determined for evaluation of anti-termite efficacy of Tagetes erecta essential oil based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. For this purpose, 40% and 80% of 24 hrs of LD50 values of various formulations were provided for treatment of termite workers. Observations were taken at 4 hrs time interval up to 16 hrs to know inhibitory activity of these combinatorial mixtures on termite species Odontotermes obesus. Significant (p > 0.05) alterations were observed in the level above mentioned bio-molecules when termites were treated with different combinatorial essential oils ingredients of Citrus maxima. Combinatorial mixtures of Tagetes erecta essential oils have shown synergistic activity against termites. This study will provide an overall sustainable way to termite control in crop field, gardens and houses. It also suggests use of essential oils as better alternative of synthetic termiticides as these are safer for environmental and human health.展开更多
Objective:To investigate mosquitocidal effects of ethanolic extract of(lowers of Tagetes erecta(T.erecta) and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinqu...Objective:To investigate mosquitocidal effects of ethanolic extract of(lowers of Tagetes erecta(T.erecta) and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus).Methods:The fresh flowers of T.erecta were extracted in cold with ethanol(5.0 L) and after concentration,the ethanol extract was fractionated with chloroform and petroleum ether to afford a brownish syrupy suspension of ethanol extract(50.0 g),petroleum ether soluble fraction(18.6 g) and chloroform soluble fraction(23.8 g).The larvicidal effect of ethanol extract and their solvent fractions were determined by the standard procedure of WHO against different instars of Cx.quinquefasciatus.Results:Among the tested samples the chloroform soluble fractions showed the highest toxicity and consequently,the lowest LC_(50) values(14.14 μ g/mL,17.06 μ g/mL.36.88 μ g/mL and 75.48 μ g/mL) for all the instars larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus.The larvae showed comparative tolerance in the course of increasing age and time.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the flowers of T.erecta are very effective natural larvicide and could be useful against Cx.quinquefasciatus.展开更多
The study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative efficacy of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves of Tagetes erecta (T. erecta) and aerial parts of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) on Excision, Incision and Dead space...The study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative efficacy of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves of Tagetes erecta (T. erecta) and aerial parts of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) on Excision, Incision and Dead space wound models in albino rats. Extract of T. erecta and C. asiatica (P T. erecta extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed significantly increased the wound breaking strength in incision wound model and wet and dry granulation tissue weights, breaking strength in a dead space wound model compare to control and C. asiatica treated group (P T. erecta extract showed potent wound healing activity then the reported C. asiatica in different wound parameters.展开更多
Luxatio erecta is a highly uncommon type of shoulder dislocation, representing approximately 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations fitting into this category. In this paper, we present the case of a patient who presented ...Luxatio erecta is a highly uncommon type of shoulder dislocation, representing approximately 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations fitting into this category. In this paper, we present the case of a patient who presented post trauma with bilateral inferior glenohumeral joint dislocations (also called Luxatio Erecta). Considering that Luxatio Erecta only has a 0.5% chance of being present with a unilateral dislocation, the probability of a patient presenting 2 of these dislocations at the same time is approximately 0.25% (0.5% × 0.5% = 0.25%). In addition to this, Luxatio Erecta frequently presents with injuries to the brachial plexus and/or a humeral fracture. Despite this, neither of our patient’s dislocations were associated with any fractures or neurovascular injury and both were successfully reduced the Emergency Department. Both the patient’s presentation and outcome are quite uncommon, which makes this case an invaluable opportunity to go over the unique characteristics to Luxatio Erecta.展开更多
Background: Thunbergia erecta (Acanthaceae) is the most abundant medicinal plant in different parts of Bangladesh where it is known as “nilghonta”. It has been used as traditional medicine for insomnia, depression a...Background: Thunbergia erecta (Acanthaceae) is the most abundant medicinal plant in different parts of Bangladesh where it is known as “nilghonta”. It has been used as traditional medicine for insomnia, depression and anxiety management. However, no scientific evidence of T. erecta belonging to neuropharmacological activity has been reported. The aim of present study was to investigate in vivo sedative and anxiolytic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of T. erecta in Swiss Albino mice. Methods: Sedative activity of METE was investigated using open field, hole cross and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test model whereas anxiolytic activity was screened by elevated-plus maze, light-dark box, hole-board and marble-burying test method in mice at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. The acute toxicity study and phytochemical analysis of METE also carried out. Diazepam used as the positive control for the following behavioral pharmacology test. Results: METE exhibited significant (p Conclusion: The experimental result indicates T. erecta contains phytoconstituents that possess sedative and anxiolytic activity which traditionally used in insomnia, depression and anxiety management.展开更多
Zm ERECTA-LIKE2 sequences were isolated according to the Zea mays genome. The study indicates that zm ERECTALIKE2 is composed of 2 410 nucleotides and encodes a receptor-like kinase which consists of 774 amino acids b...Zm ERECTA-LIKE2 sequences were isolated according to the Zea mays genome. The study indicates that zm ERECTALIKE2 is composed of 2 410 nucleotides and encodes a receptor-like kinase which consists of 774 amino acids by biological analysis. The results show that zm ERECTA-LIKE2 protein contains 13 domains of leucine-rich repeats and belongs to the PKclike family, it is a liposoluble protein, with a conserved transmembrane region.展开更多
Multiple receptor-like kinases （RLKs） enable intercellular communication that coordinates growth and development of plant tissues. ERECTA family receptors （ERfs） are an ancient family of leucine-rich repeat RLKs t...Multiple receptor-like kinases （RLKs） enable intercellular communication that coordinates growth and development of plant tissues. ERECTA family receptors （ERfs） are an ancient family of leucine-rich repeat RLKs that in Arabidopsis consists of three genes： ERECTA, ERL1, and ERL2. ERfs sense secreted cysteine-rich peptides from the EPF/EPFL family and transmit the signal through a MAP kinase cascade. This review discusses the functions of ERfs in stomata development, in regulation of longitudinal growth of aboveground organs, during reproductive development, and in the shoot apical meristem. In addition the role of ERECTA in plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors is examined.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31572166, 31772344, 31871691 and 31972444)。
文摘Marigold(Tagetes erecta L., African marigold) is a widely grown ornamental plant and a main source of the carotenoid lutein for the industrial production of pharmaceuticals, food coloring, and feed additives. To gain a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanism of lutein in marigold, a chromosome-scale assembly of the marigold(T. erecta V-01) genome was completed based on Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C reads. The707.21-Mb assembled genome consisted of 35 834 annotated protein-coding genes, with 97.7% genomic integrity. We anchored 87.8% of the contigs(covering 621.20 Mb) to 12 pseudochromosomes, bringing the scaffold N50 length to 54.15 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis showed that marigold was closely related to the Asteraceae species bitter vine(Mikania micrantha) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus), all three of which originated in the Americas. Marigold diverged from the sunflower clade 23.57 million years ago(MYA) and from M. micrantha 19.59 MYA.Marigold has undergone three whole-genome duplication events, as well as a recent whole-genome duplication event(WGD-2) common to H.annuus and M. micrantha. Marigold gene families were significantly less expanded than those of M. micrantha or H. annuus, and the marigold genome contained significantly fewer interspersed repeats, which might account for its smaller genome. In addition, a range of candidate genes involved in the lutein biosynthetic pathway were identified. The high-quality reference genome obtained in this study provided a valuable genomic resource for studying the evolution of the Asteraceae family and for improving marigold breeding strategies.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32102412)Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant Nos.KJCX20220103)Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Beijing Municipal Landscape Leisure Agriculture Innovation Team Project.
文摘Marigold black spot caused by Alternaria tagetica is a major disease that can decrease marigold production by 40%,resulting in serious economic losses.In this study,we identified many genes responsive to A.tagetica in the resistant and susceptible marigold genotypes.Analyses of differentially expressed genes,expression trends,and a weighted gene co-expression network revealed a series of hub genes with key roles in different A.tagetica infection stages.Additionally,1216 unigenes encoding transcription factors from eight families were differentially expressed between Ts and Ma.Moreover,R genes fromvarious families(e.g.,N,NL,RLP,and TNL)were differentially expressed in the twomarigold genotypes before and after the inoculation with A.tagetica.Pathway diagrams were used to visualize the leaf transcriptional changes in the two marigold genotypes infected by A.tagetica to clarify the effects of A.tagetica on the expression patterns of genes involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling,plant–pathogen interactions,and plant hormone signal transduction.We identified candidate genes related to disease resistance and generated valuable resources for analyzing the candidate gene functions related to black spot resistance in marigold.The study data may be useful for the molecular marker-assisted screening and breeding of marigold lines with increased disease resistance.
文摘Plant essential oils and their constituents have proven to be very effective against insects, especially termites. They are the best alternative to synthetic pesticides that are harmless to the environment and human health. In the present study, different enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase, were evaluated in Indian termite Odontotermes obesus in a combination preparation based on Tagetes erecta essential oil. For the study of anti-termite effects against worker termites were treated topically with 40% and 80% of the 24-hour LD50 values of various combination formulations. Subsequent bioassays at 40% and 80% of LD50 of combinatorial preparations S-AST-A, S-AST-B, and S-AST-C resulted in a significant (p > 0.05) decrease in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase. After 16 hours of treatment, they were 87.92%, 80.17%, 89.30%, 79.17%, 81.92% and 73.17% respectively. In vivo exposures of 40% and 80% of the LD50 of the combination formulation caused a highly significant (p > 0.05) reduction (p > 0.05) of all test enzymes tested compared to controls. The effects of different oil formulations exhibited time- and dose-dependent responses, resulting in physiological changes in the concentrations of various enzymes. The combined mixture of Tagetes erecta essential oils has significantly better anti-termite ability compared to inorganic insecticides. Findings from this study will help support termite control in fields, gardens and homes in a sustainable way, without the downsides of insecticide resistance and pollution. These could potentially be used to produce commercial formulations for use against pests.
文摘In present investigation, various bio-molecular parameters i.e. glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipid, were determined for evaluation of anti-termite efficacy of Tagetes erecta essential oil based combinatorial formulations against Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus. For this purpose, 40% and 80% of 24 hrs of LD50 values of various formulations were provided for treatment of termite workers. Observations were taken at 4 hrs time interval up to 16 hrs to know inhibitory activity of these combinatorial mixtures on termite species Odontotermes obesus. Significant (p > 0.05) alterations were observed in the level above mentioned bio-molecules when termites were treated with different combinatorial essential oils ingredients of Citrus maxima. Combinatorial mixtures of Tagetes erecta essential oils have shown synergistic activity against termites. This study will provide an overall sustainable way to termite control in crop field, gardens and houses. It also suggests use of essential oils as better alternative of synthetic termiticides as these are safer for environmental and human health.
基金Supported by a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology,Bangladesh(No.BPROM/SHA-9/B-ANI-PRO/2009/324)
文摘Objective:To investigate mosquitocidal effects of ethanolic extract of(lowers of Tagetes erecta(T.erecta) and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus).Methods:The fresh flowers of T.erecta were extracted in cold with ethanol(5.0 L) and after concentration,the ethanol extract was fractionated with chloroform and petroleum ether to afford a brownish syrupy suspension of ethanol extract(50.0 g),petroleum ether soluble fraction(18.6 g) and chloroform soluble fraction(23.8 g).The larvicidal effect of ethanol extract and their solvent fractions were determined by the standard procedure of WHO against different instars of Cx.quinquefasciatus.Results:Among the tested samples the chloroform soluble fractions showed the highest toxicity and consequently,the lowest LC_(50) values(14.14 μ g/mL,17.06 μ g/mL.36.88 μ g/mL and 75.48 μ g/mL) for all the instars larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus.The larvae showed comparative tolerance in the course of increasing age and time.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the flowers of T.erecta are very effective natural larvicide and could be useful against Cx.quinquefasciatus.
文摘The study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative efficacy of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves of Tagetes erecta (T. erecta) and aerial parts of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) on Excision, Incision and Dead space wound models in albino rats. Extract of T. erecta and C. asiatica (P T. erecta extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed significantly increased the wound breaking strength in incision wound model and wet and dry granulation tissue weights, breaking strength in a dead space wound model compare to control and C. asiatica treated group (P T. erecta extract showed potent wound healing activity then the reported C. asiatica in different wound parameters.
文摘Luxatio erecta is a highly uncommon type of shoulder dislocation, representing approximately 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations fitting into this category. In this paper, we present the case of a patient who presented post trauma with bilateral inferior glenohumeral joint dislocations (also called Luxatio Erecta). Considering that Luxatio Erecta only has a 0.5% chance of being present with a unilateral dislocation, the probability of a patient presenting 2 of these dislocations at the same time is approximately 0.25% (0.5% × 0.5% = 0.25%). In addition to this, Luxatio Erecta frequently presents with injuries to the brachial plexus and/or a humeral fracture. Despite this, neither of our patient’s dislocations were associated with any fractures or neurovascular injury and both were successfully reduced the Emergency Department. Both the patient’s presentation and outcome are quite uncommon, which makes this case an invaluable opportunity to go over the unique characteristics to Luxatio Erecta.
文摘Background: Thunbergia erecta (Acanthaceae) is the most abundant medicinal plant in different parts of Bangladesh where it is known as “nilghonta”. It has been used as traditional medicine for insomnia, depression and anxiety management. However, no scientific evidence of T. erecta belonging to neuropharmacological activity has been reported. The aim of present study was to investigate in vivo sedative and anxiolytic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of T. erecta in Swiss Albino mice. Methods: Sedative activity of METE was investigated using open field, hole cross and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test model whereas anxiolytic activity was screened by elevated-plus maze, light-dark box, hole-board and marble-burying test method in mice at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. The acute toxicity study and phytochemical analysis of METE also carried out. Diazepam used as the positive control for the following behavioral pharmacology test. Results: METE exhibited significant (p Conclusion: The experimental result indicates T. erecta contains phytoconstituents that possess sedative and anxiolytic activity which traditionally used in insomnia, depression and anxiety management.
基金Supported by the Importation and Development of High-caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(CIT and TCD 201304096)
文摘Zm ERECTA-LIKE2 sequences were isolated according to the Zea mays genome. The study indicates that zm ERECTALIKE2 is composed of 2 410 nucleotides and encodes a receptor-like kinase which consists of 774 amino acids by biological analysis. The results show that zm ERECTA-LIKE2 protein contains 13 domains of leucine-rich repeats and belongs to the PKclike family, it is a liposoluble protein, with a conserved transmembrane region.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(IOS-0843340 to E.S.)
文摘Multiple receptor-like kinases （RLKs） enable intercellular communication that coordinates growth and development of plant tissues. ERECTA family receptors （ERfs） are an ancient family of leucine-rich repeat RLKs that in Arabidopsis consists of three genes： ERECTA, ERL1, and ERL2. ERfs sense secreted cysteine-rich peptides from the EPF/EPFL family and transmit the signal through a MAP kinase cascade. This review discusses the functions of ERfs in stomata development, in regulation of longitudinal growth of aboveground organs, during reproductive development, and in the shoot apical meristem. In addition the role of ERECTA in plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors is examined.
