Implication of Self-esteem for Language Teaching from Neurobiological Perspective

In the past several decades,the cognitive skills in language learning have been put more attention to than emo-tions.While it should be noted that language learning often involves strong positive or negative emotions.Lack of positive emotionin language learning will lead to severe discount of the cognitive competence.This article is intended to discuss the influence ofemotion,especially self-esteem,on motivation in language learning from Schumann’s neurobiological perspective,and the implica-tion of self-esteem for language teaching—how to enhance learners’self-esteem,to promote their motivation,hence to guidethem to step into their next zone of proximal development in both academic performance and social skills and become whole per-sons responsible for our society.

ERS－1SAR图像森林类型分类专家系统研制探讨

通过ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ图像森林类型分类专家系统雏形的研制过程，探讨了建立该系统的方法以及进一步提高ＳＡＲ图像森林类型分类精度的有效途径。给出了系统的概述，对初步运行结果进行了分析，提出了今后的研究方向和研制方法。

ERS树脂沥青组合体系钢桥面防水层施工技术

ERS(EBCL防水粘结层+RA05树脂沥青混凝土+SMA-13沥青混凝土)树脂沥青组合体系正广泛应用于钢桥面铺装。EBCL层作为防水粘结层,具有变形追随能力强、热稳定性高、与钢板粘结强度好等优点,该结构层同时兼具钢桥面板防腐的功能,可有效保证钢桥面板的耐久性和使用安全性。本文介绍了ERS树脂沥青组合体系在嘉绍大桥钢桥面铺装中的应用。

Studies on Upconversion Mechanism of ZrO_2∶Er^(3+),Yb^(3+) Nanocrystals Under Excitation at 488 and 980 nm

Erbium, Ytterbium-codoped ZrO 2 nanoparticles(ZrO 2∶Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ ) were prepared by the sol-emulsion-gel technique. The purpose of the present study is the application of upconversion phosphor in the biological label. In order to make out the mechanism of upconversion under 980 nm excitation the 488 nm pump was used. The influence of temperature on the crystallite phase was studied. The results confirm the upconverted mechanism in ZrO 2∶Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ nanocrystals is due to an energy transfer upconversion(ETU).

Bacterial diversity in soils around a lead and zinc mine

Five samples of soil collected from a lead and zinc mine were used to assess the effect of combined contamination of heavy metals on soil bacterial communities using a polyphasic approach including characterization of isolates by culture method, community level catabolic profiling in BIOLOG GN microplates, and genetic community fingerprinting by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments amplified by PCR from community DNA （PCR-DGGE）. The structure of the bacterial community was affected to a certain extent by heavy metals. The PCR-DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that there were significant differences in the structure of the microbial community among the soil samples, which were related to the contamination levels. The number of bacteria and the number of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） bands in the soils increased with increasing distance from the lead and zinc mine tailing, whereas the concentration of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） was decreased. Heavily polluted soils could be characterized by a community that differs from those of lightly polluted soils in richness and structure of dominating bacterial populations. The clustering analysis of the DGGE profiles showed that the bacteria in all the five samples of soil belonged to three clusters. The data from the BIOLOG analysis also showed the same result. This study showed that heavy metal contamination decreased both the biomass and diversity of the bacterial community in soil.

Electron Spin Resonance(ESR)Spectroscopy of the Transition-Metal Complexes and ClustersⅠ.Systematic Investigations of Real-and Complex-Orbital Methods for Calculating the d-Orbital Energies of a Low-Spin(S=1/2)nd^5(t_2~5,~2T_2

A model of electronic intersupplemental states was presented for calculating the d orbital energies of a distorted octahedral low spin ( S =1/2) n d 5(t 5 2, 2T 2)(n=3, 4, 5) multielectron system, and the 6 dimensional eigenmatrices of two new types in real and complex orbital representations were derived from this electron model forth. In comparison with real and complex orbital methods offered by the hole model, the real and complex orbital methods reported in this paper not only could give directly all the electronic structure parameters for the n d 5(t 5 2, 2T 2) multielectron system, but also showed many other new advantages such as standardization in theory, systematization in method, agreement in calculation and so on.

装载臂紧急脱离装置(ERS)在油气码头上的应用

介绍国内外港口油气码头装载臂紧急脱离装置(ERS)的技术发展,论述该项技术在港口工程的应用和发展前景。

Harnessing CRISPR-Cas system diversity for gene editing technologies

The discovery and utilization of RNA-guided surveillance complexes,such as CRISPR-Cas9,for sequencespecific DNA or RNA cleavage,has revolutionised the process of gene modification or knockdown.To optimise the use of this technology,an exploratory race has ensued to discover or develop new RNA-guided endonucleases with the most flexible sequence targeting requirements,coupled with high cleavage efficacy and specificity.Here we review the constraints of existing gene editing and assess the merits of exploiting the diversity of CRISPR-Cas effectors as a methodology for surmounting these limitations.

Modelling Bacterial Dynamics in Food Products: Role of Environmental Noise and Interspecific Competition

In this paper we review some results obtained within the context of the predictive microbiology, which is a specific field of the population dynamics. In particular we discuss three models, which exploit tools of statistical mechanics, for bacterial dynamics in food of animal origin. In the first model, the random fluctuating behaviour, experimentally measured, of the temperature is considered. In the second model stochastic differential equations are introduced to take into account the influence of physical and chemical variables, such as temperature, pH and activity water, subject to deterministic and random variations. The third model, which is an extended version of the second one, neglects the environmental fluctuations, and concentrates on the role of the interspecific bacterial interactions. The comparison between expected results and observed data indicates that the presence of noise sources and interspecific bacterial interactions improves the predictive features of the models analyzed.

Structure, Composition and Diversity of Horticulture Trees and Agricultural Crops Productivity under Traditional Agri-Horticulture System in Mid Hill Situation of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Productivity of agricultural crops under traditional agri-hortculture system alongwith structure, composition and diversity of fruit trees and shrub species in mid hill situation of Garhwal Himalaya, India between 1000 to 2000 m asl during summer and winter seasons on northern and southern aspect were studied. The tree density, composition and diversity in the system varied depending upon aspect, landholding and requirements of the farmers. A total of 12 fruit tree species were recorded in agri-horticulture system;of which 4 trees were common in northern and southern aspect and 6 trees were only noticed in northern aspect while 2 in the southern. The apple tree (Malus domestica) was recorded to be dominant fruit tree species with highest IVI values on both northern and southern aspect with prime preference by the farmers for high additional economic return in agri-horticulture system. Among the shrubs, the 6 shrub species were recorded on the northern aspect whereas there number was 16 on southern aspect. The agricultural crop diversity was higher on the northern aspect in summer and winter season. The average annual productivity of grain under agri-horticulture system recorded 1106 kg·ha–1·year–1 on northern aspect and 1122 kg·ha–1·year–1 on southern with a reduction of 34.56% and 38.29% compared to the sole agriculture crops. The aspect and season also played significantly role in grain, straw and biological productivity of agricultural crops present in agri-horticulture and sole cropping systems. In general there was reduction in yield of agricultural crops under fruit trees but this reduction is supplemented by fruit production which support and sustain the rural community of this hilly region.

3D Modelling of Biological Systems for Biomimetics

With the advanced development of computer-based enabling technologies, many engineering, medical, biology, chemistry, physics and food science etc have developed to the unprecedented levels, which lead to many research and development interests in various multi-discipline areas. Among them, biomimetics is one of the most promising and attractive branches of study. Biomimetics is a branch of study that uses biological systems as a model to develop synthetic systems. To learn from nature, one of the fundamental issues is to understand the natural systems such animals, insects, plants and human beings etc. The geometrical characterization and representation of natural systems is an important fundamental work for biomimetics research. 3D modeling plays a key role in the geometrical characterization and representation, especially in computer graphical visualization. This paper firstly presents the typical procedure of 3D modelling methods and then reviews the previous work of 3D geometrical modelling techniques and systems developed for industrial, medical and animation applications. Especially the paper discusses the problems associated with the existing techniques and systems when they are applied to 3D modelling of biological systems. Based upon the discussions, the paper proposes some areas of research interests in 3D modelling of biological systems and for Biomimetics.

Analysis and FDTD Modeling of the Influences of Microwave Electromagnetic Waves on Human Biological Systems

The interactions of electromagnetic waves with the human body are complex and depend on several factors related to the characteristics of the incident wave, including its frequency, its intensity, the polarization of the tissue encountered, the geometry of the tissue and its electromagnetic properties. That’s to say, the dielectric permittivity, the conductivity and the type of coupling between the field and the exposed body. A biological system irradiated by an electromagnetic wave is traversed by induced currents of non-negligible density;the water molecules present in the biological tissues exposed to the electromagnetic field will begin to oscillate at the frequency of the incident wave, thus creating internal friction responsible for the heating of the irradiated tissues. This heating will be all the more important as the tissues are rich in water. This article presents the establishment from a mathematical and numerical analysis explaining the phenomena of interaction and consequences between electromagnetic waves and health. Since the total electric field in the biological system is unknown, that is why it can be determined by the Finite Difference Time Domain FDTD method to assess the electromagnetic power distribution in the biological system under study. For this purpose, the detailed on the mechanisms of interaction of microwave electromagnetic waves with the human body have been presented. Mathematical analysis using Maxwell’s equations as well as bio-heat equations is the basis of this study for a consistent result. Therefore, a thermal model of biological tissues based on an electrical analogy has been developed. By the principle of duality, an electrical model in the dielectric form of a multilayered human tissue was used in order to obtain a corresponding thermal model. This thermal model made it possible to evaluate the temperature profile of biological tissues during exposure to electromagnetic waves. The simulation results obtained from computer tools show that the temperature in the biological tissue is a linear function of the duration of exposure to microwave electromagnetic waves.

Evolution and Development of the Information Concept in Biological Systems: From Empirical Description to Informational Modeling of the Living Structures

With the purpose to smooth the way of a correct understanding of information concepts and their evolution,in this paper,is discussed the evolution and development of the concept of information in biological systems,showing that this concept was intuitively perceived even since ancient times by our predecessors,and described according to their language level of that times,but the crystallization of the real meaning of information is an achievement of our nowadays,by successive contribution of various scientific branches and personalities of the scientific community of the world,leading to a modern description/modeling of reality,in which information plays a fundamental role.It is shown that our reality can be understood as a contribution of matter/energy/information and represented/discussed as the model of the Universal Triangle of Reality(UTR),where various previous models can be suggestively inserted,as a function of their basic concern.The modern concepts on information starting from a theoretic experiment which would infringe the thermodynamics laws and reaching the theory of information and modern philosophic concepts on the world structuration allow us to show that information is a fundamental component of the material world and of the biological structures,in correlation with the structuration/destructuration processes of matter,involving absorption/release of information.Based on these concepts,is discussed the functionality of the biologic structures and is presented the informational model of the human body and living structures,as a general model of info-organization on the entire biological scale,showing that a rudimentary proto-consciousness should be operative even at the low-scale biological systems,because they work on the same principles,like the most developed bio-systems.The operability of biologic structures as informational devices is also pointed out.

The Construction and Practice of Ecological Villages and Aquatic Biological Systems

This paper selects Xiaowangliu Village,Banquan Town,Junan County,Linyi City as the test point to explore the construction of he ecological village. The ecological village is divided into two sub-systems: land and waters. The water resource of the ecological village is divided into the village water source,village water system,village pond wetland and water resource output sub-systems. The organic waste in villages is related to the industrialization of insect resources.

Optimal Size for Maximal Energy Efficiency in Information Processing of Biological Systems Due to Bistability

Energy efficiency is closely related to the evolution of biological systems and is important to their information processing. In this work, we calculate the excitation probability of a simple model of a bistable biological unit in response to pulsatile inputs, and its spontaneous excitation rate due to noise perturbation. Then we analytically calculate the mutual information, energy cost, and energy efficiency of an array of these bistable units. We find that the optimal number of units could maximize this array＇s energy efficiency in encoding pulse inputs, which depends on the fixed energy cost. We conclude that demand for energy efficiency in biological systems may strongly influence the size of these systems under the pressure of natural selection.

Biological activity assays of cell-free reassembled nuclei——Injecting cell-free reassembled nuclei into unfertilized eggs can induce the eggs to cleave and reconstitute asters,and the injected nuclei undergo cell cycle changes

Nucleus may reassemble spontaneously in cell-free mixture of HeLa metaphase chromosomes,Xenopus egg extracts and ATP-regenerating system,and the nucleus shows some biological activities.It isfound that,after being injected into unfertilized mature eggs,the cell-free reassembled nuclei can cause theeggs to cleave and reconstitute asters in their cytoplasm,and the injected nuclei undergo changes in response tocell cycle regulators stored in the eggs,and that reinjecting cytostatic factors(CSF)into the eggs can stabilizethe eggs in mitotic phase,cause the nuclei disassembly and chromatin condensation to chromosomes.

FROM MOLECULAR RESPONSE TO CELL RESPONSE-Approaching the complexity of biological systems

I. THE COMPLEXITY OFBIOLOGICAL RESPONSESFor an organism, to be living or notdepends on its response to foreign matters.Facing the increasing amount and diversi-ty of chemicals, natural and synthetic, tounderstand the principles of the biologicalresponses becomes extremely importantin pursuing the way of rational utiliza-tion and governing the foreign matters.However, most biological responses aretoo complex to explore their nature. Forinstance, the risk to human beings andorganisms related to the application ofrare earths in agriculture, forestation, fish-ery and husbandry has been argued

Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins: novel biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery

High-density lipoproteins(HDL) are naturally-occurring nanoparticles that are biocompatible,non-immunogenic and completely biodegradable. These endogenous particles can circulate for an extended period of time and transport lipids, proteins and micro RNA from donor cells to recipient cells.Based on their intrinsic targeting properties, HDL are regarded as promising drug delivery systems. In order to produce on a large scale and to avoid blood borne pollution, reconstituted high-density lipoproteins(rHDL) possessing the biological properties of HDL have been developed. This review summarizes the biological properties and biomedical applications of rHDL as drug delivery platforms. It focuses on the emerging approaches that have been developed for the generation of biomimetic nanoparticles rHDL to overcome the biological barriers to drug delivery, aiming to provide an alternative,promising avenue for efficient targeting transport of nanomedicine.