Xylitol and erythritol have been reported in numerous previous and recent studies as potential antidiabetic sweeteners,however,it is not certain which one is most effective in this regard.In the present study,the effe...Xylitol and erythritol have been reported in numerous previous and recent studies as potential antidiabetic sweeteners,however,it is not certain which one is most effective in this regard.In the present study,the effects of xylitol and erythritol were comparatively investigated on blood glucose,insulin level,dyslipidemia,pancreatic islet morphology andβ-cell function,and redox imbalance in a type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of rats.Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:Normal Control(NC),Diabetic Control(DC),Diabetic Xylitol 5%(DX5),Diabetic Xylitol 10%(DX10),Diabetic Xylitol 20%(DX20),Diabetic Erythritol 5%(DE5),Diabetic Erythritol 10%(DE10),and Diabetic Erythritol 20%(DE20).T2D was induced in the diabetic groups initially by feeding 10%fructose solution to induce insulin resistance followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight)dissolved in citrate buffer(pH 4.5)to induce partial pancreaticβ-cells dysfunctions.The animals in NC group were fed with normal drinking water and injected with citrate buffer only.After the confi rmation of diabetes,the xylitol and erythritol with above-mentioned concentrations were supplied to the respective animal groups when the animals in NC and DC groups were supplied with normal drinking water.After 8 weeks intervention period,the body weight,fl uid and water intake,blood glucose,serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,CK-MB and creatinine were signifi cantly decreased,while the serum insulin level,serum lipids,glucose tolerance ability,pancreatic islet morphology andβ-cell function,pancreatic and serum redox imbalance were improved in the most xylitol and erythritol fed groups compared to the DC group,when effects were better for xylitol compared to erythritol.The data of this study suggests that xylitol has better antioxidant and antidiabetic effects compared to erythritol.Therefore,xylitol can be used as a preferrable dietary anti-diabetic sweetener or supplement over erythritol for the management of diabetes and its associated complications.展开更多
Artificial sweeteners are man-made substitutes for diet that needs low sugars or caloric intake. Recent studies have shown that AS consumption is possibly associated with metabolic disturbances and intestinal flora di...Artificial sweeteners are man-made substitutes for diet that needs low sugars or caloric intake. Recent studies have shown that AS consumption is possibly associated with metabolic disturbances and intestinal flora disturbances. Erythritol is a kind of 4-carbon sugar substitute in the form of sugar alcohol, which may contribute to the prevention of gingivitis by inhibit the biofilm formation of oral bacteria. Despite these studies, the data on how erythritol affects commensal flora causing pathogenicity to remain limited. In this study, microbiota (Escherichia coli) models were used to investigate the effects of different concentration of erythritol on the metabolism of bacteria, especially on Escherichia coli’s growth, transformation efficiency and hemolytic activity. The results showed that sweeteners decreased the bacteria’s ability to normally grow in higher concentration, and form biofilms to varying degrees. And the addition of erythritol in low concentration may have an effect of promote the growth of Escherichia coli. Habitual consumption of artificial sweeteners in the diet continues to increase was associated with the maintenance of micro-ecological equilibrium in gut.展开更多
It was tried to microencapsulate erythritol as a phase change material with the interfacial polycondensation reaction method by using the (W/O) emulsion and to characterize the microcapsules prepared. In the experimen...It was tried to microencapsulate erythritol as a phase change material with the interfacial polycondensation reaction method by using the (W/O) emulsion and to characterize the microcapsules prepared. In the experiment, toluene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate and hexamethylenediisocyanate were used to form the polyurethane shell and the effects of them on the heat storage density and the microencapsulation efficiency were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of supercooling prevention agent on the phase change behavior of erythritol was investigated. The microcapsules prepared with toluendiisocyanate monomer showed the highest heat storage density and the higher microencapsulation efficiency. Considerable supercooling phenomenon in the microcapsule was observed and prevented to a certain degree by addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulfate as the supercooling prevention agent.展开更多
Phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent...Phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent heat spontaneously as the temperature below the phase transition temperature,rendering thermal energy storage and release uncontrollable,thus hindering their practical application in time and space.Herein,we developed erythritol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose/tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(ERY/CMC/EDTA-4Na)composite PCMs with novel spatiotemporal thermal energy storage properties,defined as spatiotemporal PCMs(STPCMs),which exhibit the capacity of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release.Our results show that the composite PCMs are unable to lose latent heat due to spontaneous crystallization during cooling,but can controllably release thermal energy through cold crystallization during reheating.The cold-crystallization temperature and enthalpy of composite PCMs can be adjusted by proportional addition of EDTA-4Na to the composite.When the mass fractions of CMC and EDTA-4Na are both 10%,the composite PCMs can exhibit the optical coldcrystallization temperature of 51.7℃ and enthalpy of 178.1 J/g.The supercooled composite PCMs without latent heat release can be maintained at room temperature(10-25℃)for up to more than two months,and subsequently the stored latent heat can be controllably released by means of thermal triggering or heterogeneous nucleation.Our findings provide novel insights into the design and construction of new PCMs with spatiotemporal performance of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release,and consequently open a new door for the development of advanced solar thermal utilization techniques on the basis of STPCMs.展开更多
目的比较采用赤藓糖醇喷砂法和矽粒子旋转抛光法治疗儿童外源性牙面黑色素沉着(extrinsic black tooth stain,EBS)的临床疗效。方法筛选符合纳入标准的3~12岁儿童48名,通过改良Lobene色斑指数记录色素水平,采用自身半口对照,随机将左右...目的比较采用赤藓糖醇喷砂法和矽粒子旋转抛光法治疗儿童外源性牙面黑色素沉着(extrinsic black tooth stain,EBS)的临床疗效。方法筛选符合纳入标准的3~12岁儿童48名,通过改良Lobene色斑指数记录色素水平,采用自身半口对照,随机将左右侧分为试验组和对照组,试验组用赤藓糖醇喷砂法,对照组用矽粒子旋转抛光法清除牙齿唇颊面EBS,记录操作时间,进行治疗感受评分,评价治疗安全性,采用“色素积分(score)除以操作时间(second)”计算清洁效率(S/s),随访治疗后3个月和6个月色素再附着水平,通过SPSS23.0软件分析试验结果。结果治疗前唇颊面左右两侧色素得分差异无统计学意义,舌腭面色素得分大于唇颊面,牙面不同分区的色素得分有统计学差异。试验组的效率高于对照组[(0.06±0.05)S/s vs(0.04±0.02)S/s,P<0.001]。8例(16.7%)研究对象对喷砂治疗感到紧张,7例(14.6%)研究对象喷砂治疗过程中出现牙龈出血。治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月试验组和对照组色素水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论虽然赤藓糖醇喷砂更容易导致牙龈出血,使儿童紧张,但其清除色素效率更高,值得临床推广。展开更多
基金supported by funding from the Research office,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durbanthe National Research Foundation,Pretoria,South Africa(112430)。
文摘Xylitol and erythritol have been reported in numerous previous and recent studies as potential antidiabetic sweeteners,however,it is not certain which one is most effective in this regard.In the present study,the effects of xylitol and erythritol were comparatively investigated on blood glucose,insulin level,dyslipidemia,pancreatic islet morphology andβ-cell function,and redox imbalance in a type 2 diabetes(T2D)model of rats.Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:Normal Control(NC),Diabetic Control(DC),Diabetic Xylitol 5%(DX5),Diabetic Xylitol 10%(DX10),Diabetic Xylitol 20%(DX20),Diabetic Erythritol 5%(DE5),Diabetic Erythritol 10%(DE10),and Diabetic Erythritol 20%(DE20).T2D was induced in the diabetic groups initially by feeding 10%fructose solution to induce insulin resistance followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(40 mg/kg body weight)dissolved in citrate buffer(pH 4.5)to induce partial pancreaticβ-cells dysfunctions.The animals in NC group were fed with normal drinking water and injected with citrate buffer only.After the confi rmation of diabetes,the xylitol and erythritol with above-mentioned concentrations were supplied to the respective animal groups when the animals in NC and DC groups were supplied with normal drinking water.After 8 weeks intervention period,the body weight,fl uid and water intake,blood glucose,serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,CK-MB and creatinine were signifi cantly decreased,while the serum insulin level,serum lipids,glucose tolerance ability,pancreatic islet morphology andβ-cell function,pancreatic and serum redox imbalance were improved in the most xylitol and erythritol fed groups compared to the DC group,when effects were better for xylitol compared to erythritol.The data of this study suggests that xylitol has better antioxidant and antidiabetic effects compared to erythritol.Therefore,xylitol can be used as a preferrable dietary anti-diabetic sweetener or supplement over erythritol for the management of diabetes and its associated complications.
文摘Artificial sweeteners are man-made substitutes for diet that needs low sugars or caloric intake. Recent studies have shown that AS consumption is possibly associated with metabolic disturbances and intestinal flora disturbances. Erythritol is a kind of 4-carbon sugar substitute in the form of sugar alcohol, which may contribute to the prevention of gingivitis by inhibit the biofilm formation of oral bacteria. Despite these studies, the data on how erythritol affects commensal flora causing pathogenicity to remain limited. In this study, microbiota (Escherichia coli) models were used to investigate the effects of different concentration of erythritol on the metabolism of bacteria, especially on Escherichia coli’s growth, transformation efficiency and hemolytic activity. The results showed that sweeteners decreased the bacteria’s ability to normally grow in higher concentration, and form biofilms to varying degrees. And the addition of erythritol in low concentration may have an effect of promote the growth of Escherichia coli. Habitual consumption of artificial sweeteners in the diet continues to increase was associated with the maintenance of micro-ecological equilibrium in gut.
文摘It was tried to microencapsulate erythritol as a phase change material with the interfacial polycondensation reaction method by using the (W/O) emulsion and to characterize the microcapsules prepared. In the experiment, toluene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate and hexamethylenediisocyanate were used to form the polyurethane shell and the effects of them on the heat storage density and the microencapsulation efficiency were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of supercooling prevention agent on the phase change behavior of erythritol was investigated. The microcapsules prepared with toluendiisocyanate monomer showed the highest heat storage density and the higher microencapsulation efficiency. Considerable supercooling phenomenon in the microcapsule was observed and prevented to a certain degree by addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium sulfate as the supercooling prevention agent.
基金the financial support from the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL Fund 2021007)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(21903082 and 22273100)+2 种基金the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP I202036,and I202218)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL202012)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 2022-MS-020。
文摘Phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent heat spontaneously as the temperature below the phase transition temperature,rendering thermal energy storage and release uncontrollable,thus hindering their practical application in time and space.Herein,we developed erythritol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose/tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(ERY/CMC/EDTA-4Na)composite PCMs with novel spatiotemporal thermal energy storage properties,defined as spatiotemporal PCMs(STPCMs),which exhibit the capacity of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release.Our results show that the composite PCMs are unable to lose latent heat due to spontaneous crystallization during cooling,but can controllably release thermal energy through cold crystallization during reheating.The cold-crystallization temperature and enthalpy of composite PCMs can be adjusted by proportional addition of EDTA-4Na to the composite.When the mass fractions of CMC and EDTA-4Na are both 10%,the composite PCMs can exhibit the optical coldcrystallization temperature of 51.7℃ and enthalpy of 178.1 J/g.The supercooled composite PCMs without latent heat release can be maintained at room temperature(10-25℃)for up to more than two months,and subsequently the stored latent heat can be controllably released by means of thermal triggering or heterogeneous nucleation.Our findings provide novel insights into the design and construction of new PCMs with spatiotemporal performance of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release,and consequently open a new door for the development of advanced solar thermal utilization techniques on the basis of STPCMs.
文摘目的比较采用赤藓糖醇喷砂法和矽粒子旋转抛光法治疗儿童外源性牙面黑色素沉着(extrinsic black tooth stain,EBS)的临床疗效。方法筛选符合纳入标准的3~12岁儿童48名,通过改良Lobene色斑指数记录色素水平,采用自身半口对照,随机将左右侧分为试验组和对照组,试验组用赤藓糖醇喷砂法,对照组用矽粒子旋转抛光法清除牙齿唇颊面EBS,记录操作时间,进行治疗感受评分,评价治疗安全性,采用“色素积分(score)除以操作时间(second)”计算清洁效率(S/s),随访治疗后3个月和6个月色素再附着水平,通过SPSS23.0软件分析试验结果。结果治疗前唇颊面左右两侧色素得分差异无统计学意义,舌腭面色素得分大于唇颊面,牙面不同分区的色素得分有统计学差异。试验组的效率高于对照组[(0.06±0.05)S/s vs(0.04±0.02)S/s,P<0.001]。8例(16.7%)研究对象对喷砂治疗感到紧张,7例(14.6%)研究对象喷砂治疗过程中出现牙龈出血。治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月试验组和对照组色素水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论虽然赤藓糖醇喷砂更容易导致牙龈出血,使儿童紧张,但其清除色素效率更高,值得临床推广。
