A model of the universe (preprint 2019), based on a quantum approach to the evolution of space-time as well as on an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms, has made it possible to estimate a large...A model of the universe (preprint 2019), based on a quantum approach to the evolution of space-time as well as on an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms, has made it possible to estimate a large number of parameters relating to the universe and in particular the estimation of a colossal phantom energy E<sub>Λ</sub> represented by the existence of a hidden photon ŷpresent everywhere. This energy undergoes dilution in H<sup>4</sup> due to expansion of the universe. In order to introduce the effects of this energy on the curvature of space-time, we chose to express it by the cosmological constant Λ in the equation of the GR via the element tensor T<sup>00</sup>. This positive energy E<sub>Λ</sub> which acts as additional effect to gravity and we have expressed this energy in the form of an equation which expresses a so-called cosmological force F<sub>Λ</sub>. We estimated that this photon or hidden particle of spin 1 has an energy ~1 [meV] at our cosmic position t<sub>0</sub> which makes it an ultra-light axion ULA. Subsequently, with the action of this augmented force, especially in the first 400 [My] we were able to explain, in part, the rapid development of galaxy formation as seen by JWST as well as several observed dynamic behaviors of the barionic mass of some galaxies as MW, M33, UGC12591, NGC3198, UGC2885 and NGC253 whose observations raise questions and require additional explanations that led to the likely existence of unobserved matter called DM. However, it appears that this cosmological force makes it possible to explain several observations without the use of this DM. A first conclusion was drawn, namely the much earlier formation of galaxies by the action of this cosmological force coupled with gravity (GLASS z12). In addition, the model made it possible to explain the need or not to use the concept of DM for ETGs and LTGs by the more or less early and long period of the beginning of galaxy formation over a period ranging from ~170 to 1200 [My]. Thus, the model makes it possible to explain to a large extent the observations of the dynamics of the galaxies studied. However, several questions remain.展开更多
The dynamics of secondary large-scale structures in electron-temperature-gradient （ETG） turbulence is investigated based on gyrofluid simulations in sheared slab geometry. It is found that structural bifurcation to ...The dynamics of secondary large-scale structures in electron-temperature-gradient （ETG） turbulence is investigated based on gyrofluid simulations in sheared slab geometry. It is found that structural bifurcation to zonal flow dominated or streamer-like states depends on the spectral anisotropy of turbulent ETG fluctuation, which is governed by the magnetic shear. The turbulent electron transport is suppressed by enhanced zonal flows. However, it is still low even if the streamer is formed in ETG turbulence with strong shears. It is shown that the low transport may be related to the secondary excitation of poloidal long-wavelength mode due to the beat wave of the most unstable components or a modulation instability. This large-scale structure with a low frequency and a long wavelength may saturate, or at least contribute to the saturation of ETG fluctuations through a poloidal mode coupling. The result suggests a low fluctuation level in ETG turbulence.展开更多
本文介绍一种基于扩展标记图ETG(Extended Tag Graph)的网页信息抽取与重组新技术,引入了扩展标记图操作和重构概念,提出了作为用户接口的标记查询语言TagSQL。用户通过类标准SQL的语言描述,即可方便地实现对网页信息的灵活抽取和重组...本文介绍一种基于扩展标记图ETG(Extended Tag Graph)的网页信息抽取与重组新技术,引入了扩展标记图操作和重构概念,提出了作为用户接口的标记查询语言TagSQL。用户通过类标准SQL的语言描述,即可方便地实现对网页信息的灵活抽取和重组操作。展开更多
Large eddy simulation cooperated with the second order full extension ETG(Euler-Taylor-Galerkin) finite element method was applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side at a spacing ra...Large eddy simulation cooperated with the second order full extension ETG(Euler-Taylor-Galerkin) finite element method was applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side at a spacing ratio of (1.5.) The second order full extension ETG finite element method was developed by Wang and He. By means of Taylor expansion of terms containing time derivative, time derivative is replaced by space derivative. The function of it is equal to introducing an artificial viscosity term. The streamlines of the flow at different moments were obtained. The time history of drag coefficient, lift coefficient and the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were presented. Furthermore, the symmetrical problem of the frequency spectrum of flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side were studied by using the spectral analysis technology. The data obtained at the initial stage are excluded in order to avoid the influence of initial condition on the results. The power spectrums of drag coefficient, lift coefficient, the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were analyzed respectively. The results show that although the time domain process of dynamic parameters is non-symmetrical, the frequency domain process of them is symmetrical under the symmetrical boundary conditions.展开更多
文摘A model of the universe (preprint 2019), based on a quantum approach to the evolution of space-time as well as on an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms, has made it possible to estimate a large number of parameters relating to the universe and in particular the estimation of a colossal phantom energy E<sub>Λ</sub> represented by the existence of a hidden photon ŷpresent everywhere. This energy undergoes dilution in H<sup>4</sup> due to expansion of the universe. In order to introduce the effects of this energy on the curvature of space-time, we chose to express it by the cosmological constant Λ in the equation of the GR via the element tensor T<sup>00</sup>. This positive energy E<sub>Λ</sub> which acts as additional effect to gravity and we have expressed this energy in the form of an equation which expresses a so-called cosmological force F<sub>Λ</sub>. We estimated that this photon or hidden particle of spin 1 has an energy ~1 [meV] at our cosmic position t<sub>0</sub> which makes it an ultra-light axion ULA. Subsequently, with the action of this augmented force, especially in the first 400 [My] we were able to explain, in part, the rapid development of galaxy formation as seen by JWST as well as several observed dynamic behaviors of the barionic mass of some galaxies as MW, M33, UGC12591, NGC3198, UGC2885 and NGC253 whose observations raise questions and require additional explanations that led to the likely existence of unobserved matter called DM. However, it appears that this cosmological force makes it possible to explain several observations without the use of this DM. A first conclusion was drawn, namely the much earlier formation of galaxies by the action of this cosmological force coupled with gravity (GLASS z12). In addition, the model made it possible to explain the need or not to use the concept of DM for ETGs and LTGs by the more or less early and long period of the beginning of galaxy formation over a period ranging from ~170 to 1200 [My]. Thus, the model makes it possible to explain to a large extent the observations of the dynamics of the galaxies studied. However, several questions remain.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10135020 and 10575032)
文摘The dynamics of secondary large-scale structures in electron-temperature-gradient （ETG） turbulence is investigated based on gyrofluid simulations in sheared slab geometry. It is found that structural bifurcation to zonal flow dominated or streamer-like states depends on the spectral anisotropy of turbulent ETG fluctuation, which is governed by the magnetic shear. The turbulent electron transport is suppressed by enhanced zonal flows. However, it is still low even if the streamer is formed in ETG turbulence with strong shears. It is shown that the low transport may be related to the secondary excitation of poloidal long-wavelength mode due to the beat wave of the most unstable components or a modulation instability. This large-scale structure with a low frequency and a long wavelength may saturate, or at least contribute to the saturation of ETG fluctuations through a poloidal mode coupling. The result suggests a low fluctuation level in ETG turbulence.
文摘Large eddy simulation cooperated with the second order full extension ETG(Euler-Taylor-Galerkin) finite element method was applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side at a spacing ratio of (1.5.) The second order full extension ETG finite element method was developed by Wang and He. By means of Taylor expansion of terms containing time derivative, time derivative is replaced by space derivative. The function of it is equal to introducing an artificial viscosity term. The streamlines of the flow at different moments were obtained. The time history of drag coefficient, lift coefficient and the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were presented. Furthermore, the symmetrical problem of the frequency spectrum of flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side were studied by using the spectral analysis technology. The data obtained at the initial stage are excluded in order to avoid the influence of initial condition on the results. The power spectrums of drag coefficient, lift coefficient, the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were analyzed respectively. The results show that although the time domain process of dynamic parameters is non-symmetrical, the frequency domain process of them is symmetrical under the symmetrical boundary conditions.
