EU Developments and Sino-EU Relations

Last year's economic growth in the European Union, renewal of the Franco-German axis, and EU cohesion in response to Donald Trump and Brexit ought to be healthy signs of recovery, but populism's restraint affects EU integration. If the fallout from Brexit is any measure of the future, inconsistent leadership will be forced to dodge internal and external complications for some time, as the EU faces intractable political and economic pressure from multiple parties. Although separation and integration need not remain diametrical poles, the destiny, international status, and influence of the EU and member states has been predicated on integration. Given current economic and demographic factors, enhancing the Union's attractiveness while handling other issues will make the EU a weak global actor. Lacking confidence, strategic cohesion and protective defenses, the EU in forthcoming years could witness no significant progress. EU member states are haunted by populism, terrorism,extremism and economic inequality. Sino-EU relations will see continued cooperation with a risk of turbulence.

Iraq War and Europe-U. S. Relations

Militarily, no one has suspected that American-British coalition forces would win their war against Iraq. But before, during or after the war, there existed some uncertainties, which are concerning the future world structure, the future of the United States itself, the Middle

Fifty Years of China-Western Europe Relations

Ever since the founding of the PRC in 1949, Sino-Western European relationshave experienced three different phases. The first one ranging from 1950s toearly 1970s is the period in which the two sides were mainly seeking to set up andnormalize their diplomatic ties. The second phase ranging from early 1970s to

The EU-Vietnam Relations Through Promoting European Studies in Vietnam

The Vietnam-Europe relations can be traced back to four centuries ago when the first European missionary arrived in the country. However, this relationship has gone a long history with up and down events, partly because of the misunderstanding and lack of information that influenced much on their cooperation. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the development of European Studies in Vietnam from historical perspective using the first hand information collected in Vietnam, and argued that in order to promote the European Union （EU）-Vietnam relations, European studies must be a priority in policy agenda of both sides. The paper concluded that European studies should be seen as an efficient measure to attract more and more students, and through which to promote image and understanding among people, and believed that there will be no doubt about the future of the EU-Vietnam relationship.

British Political Economy in Post-EU Era and China-UK Relations

Although Theresa May the new British Prime Minister had followed Cameron to stand for staying in the EU,after taking office,she has openly stated on several occasions that she will respect the public opinions of the country and carry out a foreign policy of implementing Brexit according to the result of the referendum.In so doing,she has even made Boris Johnson,a controversy lead

The trend of relations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean from the perspective of Bi-regional Summits

Nowadays,multilateral consultative mechanism is gradually becoming a mainstream approach in the contemporary international system.As one of the most important international collective player,the European Union(EU) has been engaging in multilateral cooperation and consultation since its inception.It has also been promoting a plural world through advocacy and action.The EU and the Latin America/Caribbean(LAC) Countries summits are considered a stability mechanism for promoting bi-regional dialogues.Nevertheless,after 10 years of bi-regional strategic partnership construction,the EU and LAC relations are currently experiencing a difficult phase,suggesting it is time to reform.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the advantages as well as the challenges to EU-LAC relations from the perspective of bi-regional summits,and to assess the short-term trend of their relations in the near

Evolving Thinking and Policies of China's Diplomacy and China-EU Relations

Evolutions and readjustment permeate China’s diplomatic policy in the six decades’ history of PRC, thanks to the tremendous changes happened to both the world and PRC. Enormous opportunities and challenges to China coincide in the present world. China and EU are rising with bigger role to play in the world, though daunting challenges to bilateral relations beckon.

BIOGEOGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF THE JURASSIC PECTINOIDA AND OSTREOIDA (BIVALVIA) BETWEEN TANGGULA AND OTHER AREAS

There are abundant Bajocian—Tithonian bivalves in the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains of northern Qinghai—Xizang Plateau, China. After figuring the common and coeval species between Tanggula and other areas (Fig. 1), and tracing the temporal and spacial historical distribution of the bivalves very capable of dispersion, some Jurassic bivalve biogeographic items, particularly the biogeographic relations, have been lit up. In the known 21 taxa of the Jurassic Pectinoida and Ostreoida from the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains, there are 12 (57%) common and coeval species in northern Tethys, 13 (62%) common and coeval species in southern Tethys and 12 (57%) in Kachchh—southern Xizang area. It has demonstrated that there existed intermigration of bivalves between Tanggula and various parts of Tethys. Although there is no coeval species between Tanggula and western Australia, in these two areas there exist 6 (29%) close range common species of which 4 (19%) coevaity existed in western Australia and India Plate. Tanggula fauna is, therefore, still very close to that of western Australia. However, there are 15 (71%) common and 14 (67%) coevality species between the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains and northwestern Europe, among the common species, 8 (38%) ones have lower limitation (first occurrence) in northwestern Europe but only 2 (10%) taxa are older in the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains. It is very clear that pectinite and ostrea fauna of Tethys, particularly the main ridge of the Tanggula Mountains and Europe had very close relation and most Tanggula’s or northern Tethyan taxa migrated from northwestern Europe.

Realignment of Great Power Relations

Wang: Speaking of Sino-U. S. relations, actually it touches upon great power relationship. The current Iraqi crisis became a focus in UN. There is a clear demarcation line between those countries supporting a war and those countries in favor of weapons inspections within

Thoughts on Current China-U. S. Relations

Aheated debate arose on the nature of China-U. S. relations among scholars inthe two countries. Are the two "strategic partners"? "Competitors"? "Neitherfriends nor enemies"? Or even "Potential enemies"? But largely since 1997, alongwith the establishment of the framework for "a constructive strategic partnership",the definition seems to has been accepted by the mainstream in the Chinese academ-ic circle. By contrast, Governor George. W. Bush, the Republican

China-related European and American Coordination and Its Limits

After the Biden administration came to power in the United States,Europe and the United States came to a comprehensive arrangement for coordinating their internal diferences and international policies,using shared values as the traction for forming a consensus posture toward China,which to a certain extent placed transatlantic relations into a posture of readiness for a Cold War.Although the common strategic needs of Europe and the United States contributed to the coordination between Europe and the United States,the long-term,structural contradictions between Europe and the United States in the felds of economy,trade,and security created the limited and transactional nature of this round of coordination.At the same time,the internal ecology of Europe and the United States has produced a window of opportunity in this round of coordination,increasing the uncertainty entailed by deepening coordination in the short and medium terms.The coordination of Europe and the United States has impacted the political foundations of China-EU relations and promoted an increase in the level of competition in China-EU relations and compressed the tension space in Europe-US relations,as well as having a negative impact on the global and regional order.

Cooperation Cements Sino-Russian Relations

At the first "no-necktie" summit held between China and Russia in November1998, the two heads of state coordinated their stands on their bilateral relationsas well as the basic trend of the world development at the turn of the century andreached a consensus on the prospect of promoting the long-term strategy of mutualcooperation. Agreement was also produced on a series of major international issues,such as advancement of multi-polarization, advantages and disadvantages of eco-

NATO and EU Strategies for the Black Sea Region： The Challenge of Power Balance in New Security Environment

The article gives an overview on the dynamic political processes in the Black Sea region after some major geostrategic changes posing instability concerns in the region. The aim is to summarise the policy tendencies of the international organisations （NATO and EU） towards Russia and to present some analytical thoughts on current Euro-Atlantic strategies. Proposed is a different way of thinking based on the ＂congagement＂ approach.

Ordinary Workers and Industrial Relations in a New World Order

Taking its point of departure from a NATO （North Atlantic Treaty Organization） conference held in Copenhagen in 1953, this papers begins by tracing the foundation of the powerful political role that labor organizations held during a significant part of the twentieth century. At the conference, ＂labor＂ was emphasized as occupying a ＂key role＂ in the struggle of Western societies to withstand the challenge of communism--military alone could not achieve this objective. Since around 1990, this has fundamentally changed and the paper explores the contemporary situation through an ethnographic study--involving fieldwork at both workplaces and private homes--of Polish migrant laborers participating in the Danish labor market. Firstly, it is shown how the Polish laborers, due to the lower costs they represent, benefit from the new opportunities. Secondly, the paper illustrates how the trade union, though uneasy with the downward pressure on wage and working conditions that the Polish represent, prioritizes the organization of workers in order to maintain some degree of control over the labor market. Finally, the question is raised how the EU （European Union） is able to navigate two contrasting concerns： the urge both to create more cross-border competition and to uphold an image of a ＂social Europe＂ which might be key to maintain cohesion and legitimacy.

CHINA'S NEW ATTEMPTS IN BUILDING A NEW MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:CHINA-CEE COOPERATION

Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the

欧盟与北约关系的演进逻辑及发展趋势

作为跨大西洋关系的重要组成部分,欧盟与北约关系的实质是欧美关系,属于跨大西洋同盟的派生和延伸。依托于跨大西洋同盟框架,欧盟与北约关系以欧美关系的调整与变化为主轴,经历了一个从派生性关系走向“战略伙伴关系”并继而浮现“联盟化”趋势的渐进发展过程。特定国际形势下的美国对欧政策、欧洲一体化进程以及欧美关系是影响欧盟与北约关系演进的重要因素。“联盟化”趋势的浮现反映了欧盟与北约关系的新变化,但由于多种因素的制约,其局限性依然明显。今后,竞合并存、合作性竞争将是欧盟与北约关系的基本特征与主要互动模式,“联盟化”趋势中竞合同步深化或将是一个突出特点。欧盟与北约关系的演进不仅关涉跨大西洋关系的未来,而且深刻影响全球政治与安全格局,给构建均衡有效可持续的欧洲安全架构带来严峻挑战。