With the admission of eight Central/East European countries in May 1, 2004 in sight, realization of the objective of EU’s first phase eastern extension will signify a major step toward the concept of "a Europe k...With the admission of eight Central/East European countries in May 1, 2004 in sight, realization of the objective of EU’s first phase eastern extension will signify a major step toward the concept of "a Europe kept far away from war" through promoting regional integration.展开更多
With the coming of the new century, the European Union (EU)arrives on the world scene with a complete new look. At the beginning of the year, the union signed the Nice Treaty in response to the needs of further integr...With the coming of the new century, the European Union (EU)arrives on the world scene with a complete new look. At the beginning of the year, the union signed the Nice Treaty in response to the needs of further integration and east-ward enlargement.展开更多
Striving for closer bilateral ties has dominated European Union’s China policyadjustments since the mid-nineties.Four major decisions of strategic signifi-cance in this regard were made in quick succession from Janua...Striving for closer bilateral ties has dominated European Union’s China policyadjustments since the mid-nineties.Four major decisions of strategic signifi-cance in this regard were made in quick succession from January to April this year.First came the consensus in January to hold an EU-China Summit in the mar-展开更多
Evolutions and readjustment permeate China’s diplomatic policy in the six decades’ history of PRC, thanks to the tremendous changes happened to both the world and PRC. Enormous opportunities and challenges to China ...Evolutions and readjustment permeate China’s diplomatic policy in the six decades’ history of PRC, thanks to the tremendous changes happened to both the world and PRC. Enormous opportunities and challenges to China coincide in the present world. China and EU are rising with bigger role to play in the world, though daunting challenges to bilateral relations beckon.展开更多
The optical properties of blue emitting BaAl2S4:Eu thin-films were studied. The emission peak is around 470 nm, whose FWHM (full width at half maximum) is 35 nm. The dielectric constant is 3.03 from transmission spect...The optical properties of blue emitting BaAl2S4:Eu thin-films were studied. The emission peak is around 470 nm, whose FWHM (full width at half maximum) is 35 nm. The dielectric constant is 3.03 from transmission spectrum, and the optical band gap is approximately 4.6 eV. It is found that the cubic phase and orthorhombic phase exist in fabricated thin-films. Furthermore, the energy band structure of BaAl2S4 : Eu thin-films from X-ray photo-electron spectra (XPS) and the absorption spectra were analyzed.展开更多
EU is in position of world＇s largest energy importer and plays an active role in energy markets. Therefore, the EU＇s energy policy has not only local but also global effects. Because of the two oil crises in the 197...EU is in position of world＇s largest energy importer and plays an active role in energy markets. Therefore, the EU＇s energy policy has not only local but also global effects. Because of the two oil crises in the 1970＇s, energy has taken an important place in the EU＇s agenda and has become one of the EU＇s highest priorities as the part of the EU＇s goal of Single Market. Especially, the 1987 Single European Act followed by the goal of Single Market has come to dominate the idea of the necessity of having a single market for energy. A chapter about energy has been added into the letter of the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon for the first time, thus energy has gained a new dimension and has had a legal basis. However, although there are energy rules defined at European level, there are 28 national regulatory structures in practice. Therefore, an integrated energy market is needed to create more competition, to increase market efficiency through better use of energy generation facilities across the EU, to produce affordable prices for consumers, and to move as whole, not as 28 separate countries. In this regard, the idea of creation of the Energy Union has emerged and the European Commission has published a detailed action plan for the Energy Union on February 25, 2015. In this study, historical process of initiatives for the creation of common energy policy in the EU is analyzed and the future of Energy Union is discussed.展开更多
Despite legally binding greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and good pre-conditions for progressive climate action, emissions in Austria are on the rise. This article explores the reasons why climate change poli...Despite legally binding greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and good pre-conditions for progressive climate action, emissions in Austria are on the rise. This article explores the reasons why climate change policy is so ineffective in Austria. We show that the social partnership has contributed significantly to the standstill in renewable energy production and the rejection of more ambitious reduction targets concerning greenhouse gas emissions, and consider the role of experts and expertise in climate change policies. The ineffectiveness of climate policy in Austria is largely due to corporatist actors who often act like an ex-ante filter or selective mechanism for what is politically acceptable or possible and what is not. Climate change is for the most part successfully kept off the political agenda and (climate sceptical) politicization does not take place. Insights from the literature on corporatism are enhanced by the concepts of strategic and epistemic selectivity to analyse not only access to the state terrain but also the domination of specific knowledge forms, problem perceptions, and narratives over others.展开更多
On December 26,the Information Office of the State Council issued its first ever white paper on China’s energy conditions and policies."China’s energy development emphasizes thrift,cleanliness and safety,"...On December 26,the Information Office of the State Council issued its first ever white paper on China’s energy conditions and policies."China’s energy development emphasizes thrift,cleanliness and safety,"says the white paper titled"China’s Energy Conditions and Policies,"under the joint compilation of the Energy Bureau and the Institute of Macro Economics, both under the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Officials from the NDRC were interviewed by Xinhua News Agency on issues about the white paper.Here are excerpts of the interview.展开更多
文摘With the admission of eight Central/East European countries in May 1, 2004 in sight, realization of the objective of EU’s first phase eastern extension will signify a major step toward the concept of "a Europe kept far away from war" through promoting regional integration.
文摘With the coming of the new century, the European Union (EU)arrives on the world scene with a complete new look. At the beginning of the year, the union signed the Nice Treaty in response to the needs of further integration and east-ward enlargement.
文摘Striving for closer bilateral ties has dominated European Union’s China policyadjustments since the mid-nineties.Four major decisions of strategic signifi-cance in this regard were made in quick succession from January to April this year.First came the consensus in January to hold an EU-China Summit in the mar-
文摘Evolutions and readjustment permeate China’s diplomatic policy in the six decades’ history of PRC, thanks to the tremendous changes happened to both the world and PRC. Enormous opportunities and challenges to China coincide in the present world. China and EU are rising with bigger role to play in the world, though daunting challenges to bilateral relations beckon.
文摘The optical properties of blue emitting BaAl2S4:Eu thin-films were studied. The emission peak is around 470 nm, whose FWHM (full width at half maximum) is 35 nm. The dielectric constant is 3.03 from transmission spectrum, and the optical band gap is approximately 4.6 eV. It is found that the cubic phase and orthorhombic phase exist in fabricated thin-films. Furthermore, the energy band structure of BaAl2S4 : Eu thin-films from X-ray photo-electron spectra (XPS) and the absorption spectra were analyzed.
文摘EU is in position of world＇s largest energy importer and plays an active role in energy markets. Therefore, the EU＇s energy policy has not only local but also global effects. Because of the two oil crises in the 1970＇s, energy has taken an important place in the EU＇s agenda and has become one of the EU＇s highest priorities as the part of the EU＇s goal of Single Market. Especially, the 1987 Single European Act followed by the goal of Single Market has come to dominate the idea of the necessity of having a single market for energy. A chapter about energy has been added into the letter of the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon for the first time, thus energy has gained a new dimension and has had a legal basis. However, although there are energy rules defined at European level, there are 28 national regulatory structures in practice. Therefore, an integrated energy market is needed to create more competition, to increase market efficiency through better use of energy generation facilities across the EU, to produce affordable prices for consumers, and to move as whole, not as 28 separate countries. In this regard, the idea of creation of the Energy Union has emerged and the European Commission has published a detailed action plan for the Energy Union on February 25, 2015. In this study, historical process of initiatives for the creation of common energy policy in the EU is analyzed and the future of Energy Union is discussed.
文摘Despite legally binding greenhouse gas emission reduction targets and good pre-conditions for progressive climate action, emissions in Austria are on the rise. This article explores the reasons why climate change policy is so ineffective in Austria. We show that the social partnership has contributed significantly to the standstill in renewable energy production and the rejection of more ambitious reduction targets concerning greenhouse gas emissions, and consider the role of experts and expertise in climate change policies. The ineffectiveness of climate policy in Austria is largely due to corporatist actors who often act like an ex-ante filter or selective mechanism for what is politically acceptable or possible and what is not. Climate change is for the most part successfully kept off the political agenda and (climate sceptical) politicization does not take place. Insights from the literature on corporatism are enhanced by the concepts of strategic and epistemic selectivity to analyse not only access to the state terrain but also the domination of specific knowledge forms, problem perceptions, and narratives over others.
文摘On December 26,the Information Office of the State Council issued its first ever white paper on China’s energy conditions and policies."China’s energy development emphasizes thrift,cleanliness and safety,"says the white paper titled"China’s Energy Conditions and Policies,"under the joint compilation of the Energy Bureau and the Institute of Macro Economics, both under the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Officials from the NDRC were interviewed by Xinhua News Agency on issues about the white paper.Here are excerpts of the interview.
