An enhancive synthesis of (±)-1β, 11-diol-4-en-eudesmol, starting from 2-chloroacrylonitrile, is described. The effect of temperature on the Diels-Alder reaction of 2-chloroacrylonitrile with 2-methylfuran and t...An enhancive synthesis of (±)-1β, 11-diol-4-en-eudesmol, starting from 2-chloroacrylonitrile, is described. The effect of temperature on the Diels-Alder reaction of 2-chloroacrylonitrile with 2-methylfuran and the condition of cationic cyclization of diene were discussed in detail.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to discuss the application of biological optimization and its difference from physical optimization in hypofractionated radiotherapy for breast cancer after conservative surgery.Meth...Objective The aim of the study was to discuss the application of biological optimization and its difference from physical optimization in hypofractionated radiotherapy for breast cancer after conservative surgery.Methods This retrospective study enrolled 15 randomly chosen patients with left-sided breast cancer who received radiotherapy.The volumetric arc therapy(VMAT)technique was used to redesign treatment plans with physical functions(PF)group,biological-physical functions combined(BF+PF and PF+BF)groups,and biological functions(BF)group.The dosimetric differences based on the above four optimization methods were assessed by calculating and analyzing the corresponding dose-volume parameters.Results The target parameters of the four groups differed significantly(P<0.05)except for the conformity index(CI).The tumor control probability(TCP)values in the BF and BF+PF groups were higher than those in the PF and PF+BF groups.Moreover,the dose-volume parameters of the ipsilateral lung in the BF group were less than those of three other groups,while the monitor unit(MU)in the BF group was approximately 16%lower than those of the PF and PF+BF groups.Conclusion Biological functions were useful to increase the equivalent uniform dose(EUD)and TCP values of the target,decrease the dose-volume parameters of the organs-at-risk(OARs),and improve treatment efficiency.展开更多
In this paper the SOFC-GT-Kalina (solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, and Kalina cycle) integrated system is proposed. The system uses Kalina cycle as the bottoming cycle to recovery the waste heat from the gas turbin...In this paper the SOFC-GT-Kalina (solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, and Kalina cycle) integrated system is proposed. The system uses Kalina cycle as the bottoming cycle to recovery the waste heat from the gas turbine to generate power. Kalina cycle uses ammonia-water mixture as the work fluid which has sliding-temperature boiling characteristics. By comparing with the SOFC-GT-ST (solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, and steam turbine cycle) system as the reference system, the systems are simulated by Aspen Plus through analyzing the overall system performance. Electrical and exergy efficiency of the proposed system are 74.41% and 71.93%, and electrical and exergy efficiency of the reference system are 71.45% and 69.07%, proving the superiority of Kalina cycle for waste heat recovery. In addition, the exergy losses of each component are studied, and the detail performance analysis of the proposed system is presented, consisting of thermal analysis, exergy analysis and EUD (Energy-utilization diagram) analysis, which intuitively disclosed the causes of exergy loss. Additionally, it was revealed that there exists an optimal current density at 350 mA/cm2 for power and power density.展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate the dosimetric differences among four planning methods of physical and biological optimization in hypofractionated radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Metho...Objective This study aims to investigate the dosimetric differences among four planning methods of physical and biological optimization in hypofractionated radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Ten NSCLC patients receiving radiation therapy were chosen for this retrospective study.Volumetric modulated arc treatment plans for each patient were remade with dose-volume(DV)functions,biological-physical functions,and biological functions,using the same constraint parameters during optimization.The dosimetric differences between the four types of plans were calculated and analyzed.Results For the target,equivalent uniform dose(EUD)of the EUD and EUD+DV groups was approximately 2.8%–3.6%and 3.2%–3.7%higher than those of the DV and DV+EUD groups,respectively.The average tumor control probability(TCP)of the EUD and EUD+DV groups was also significantly higher than those of the other two groups(P<0.05).The difference in heterogeneity index(HI)among the four groups was also statistically significant(P<0.05),while the difference of conformity index(CI)was not significant(P>0.05).For the organs at risk,the differences of EUD,V5,V10,V20,V30 of normal lung tissues were not statistically significant(P>0.05);however,the mean lung dose of the EUD and EUD+DV groups was slightly lower than those of the other two groups.Conclusion The biological optimization method has obvious advantages of improving EUD and TCP of the target,while decreasing the exposed dose of normal lung.This result is meaningful in choosing plan optimization methods in routine work.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20272021).
文摘An enhancive synthesis of (±)-1β, 11-diol-4-en-eudesmol, starting from 2-chloroacrylonitrile, is described. The effect of temperature on the Diels-Alder reaction of 2-chloroacrylonitrile with 2-methylfuran and the condition of cationic cyclization of diene were discussed in detail.
基金a grant from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z181100001718011).
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to discuss the application of biological optimization and its difference from physical optimization in hypofractionated radiotherapy for breast cancer after conservative surgery.Methods This retrospective study enrolled 15 randomly chosen patients with left-sided breast cancer who received radiotherapy.The volumetric arc therapy(VMAT)technique was used to redesign treatment plans with physical functions(PF)group,biological-physical functions combined(BF+PF and PF+BF)groups,and biological functions(BF)group.The dosimetric differences based on the above four optimization methods were assessed by calculating and analyzing the corresponding dose-volume parameters.Results The target parameters of the four groups differed significantly(P<0.05)except for the conformity index(CI).The tumor control probability(TCP)values in the BF and BF+PF groups were higher than those in the PF and PF+BF groups.Moreover,the dose-volume parameters of the ipsilateral lung in the BF group were less than those of three other groups,while the monitor unit(MU)in the BF group was approximately 16%lower than those of the PF and PF+BF groups.Conclusion Biological functions were useful to increase the equivalent uniform dose(EUD)and TCP values of the target,decrease the dose-volume parameters of the organs-at-risk(OARs),and improve treatment efficiency.
文摘In this paper the SOFC-GT-Kalina (solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, and Kalina cycle) integrated system is proposed. The system uses Kalina cycle as the bottoming cycle to recovery the waste heat from the gas turbine to generate power. Kalina cycle uses ammonia-water mixture as the work fluid which has sliding-temperature boiling characteristics. By comparing with the SOFC-GT-ST (solid oxide fuel cell, gas turbine, and steam turbine cycle) system as the reference system, the systems are simulated by Aspen Plus through analyzing the overall system performance. Electrical and exergy efficiency of the proposed system are 74.41% and 71.93%, and electrical and exergy efficiency of the reference system are 71.45% and 69.07%, proving the superiority of Kalina cycle for waste heat recovery. In addition, the exergy losses of each component are studied, and the detail performance analysis of the proposed system is presented, consisting of thermal analysis, exergy analysis and EUD (Energy-utilization diagram) analysis, which intuitively disclosed the causes of exergy loss. Additionally, it was revealed that there exists an optimal current density at 350 mA/cm2 for power and power density.
基金Supported by a grant from thek Project of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z181100001718011)
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the dosimetric differences among four planning methods of physical and biological optimization in hypofractionated radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Ten NSCLC patients receiving radiation therapy were chosen for this retrospective study.Volumetric modulated arc treatment plans for each patient were remade with dose-volume(DV)functions,biological-physical functions,and biological functions,using the same constraint parameters during optimization.The dosimetric differences between the four types of plans were calculated and analyzed.Results For the target,equivalent uniform dose(EUD)of the EUD and EUD+DV groups was approximately 2.8%–3.6%and 3.2%–3.7%higher than those of the DV and DV+EUD groups,respectively.The average tumor control probability(TCP)of the EUD and EUD+DV groups was also significantly higher than those of the other two groups(P<0.05).The difference in heterogeneity index(HI)among the four groups was also statistically significant(P<0.05),while the difference of conformity index(CI)was not significant(P>0.05).For the organs at risk,the differences of EUD,V5,V10,V20,V30 of normal lung tissues were not statistically significant(P>0.05);however,the mean lung dose of the EUD and EUD+DV groups was slightly lower than those of the other two groups.Conclusion The biological optimization method has obvious advantages of improving EUD and TCP of the target,while decreasing the exposed dose of normal lung.This result is meaningful in choosing plan optimization methods in routine work.
