最近公布的培哚普利降低稳定冠心病患者心脏事件欧洲试验(EUropean trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease,EUROPA)评价了血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗12 218例稳定冠心病(CAD...最近公布的培哚普利降低稳定冠心病患者心脏事件欧洲试验(EUropean trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease,EUROPA)评价了血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗12 218例稳定冠心病(CAD)患者的疗效.随访4.2年后,结果表明,8mg培哚普利每天一次治疗使主要终点事件的相对危险减少20%,主要终点事件包括心血管性死亡,非致死心肌梗死和心脏骤停(P=O.0003).展开更多
Nature tourism and particularly tourism in national parks have acquired significant importance in contemporary societies. Post-Fordist consumers have reevaluated the meanings of ‘nature' and ‘natural spaces'...Nature tourism and particularly tourism in national parks have acquired significant importance in contemporary societies. Post-Fordist consumers have reevaluated the meanings of ‘nature' and ‘natural spaces' and now avoid standardization to seek singularity. Tourism in national parks is a consequence of this tendency and has both positive and negative aspects. The purpose of this sociological research is to describe the most relevant conflicts in the Picos de Europa National Park(Spain) involving the park's conservation, local economic development,and tourism. Seven in-depth interviews and three focus groups were addressed to key local stakeholders.In this research were identified three chief areas of existing or potential inter-related conflicts and the main actors interacting with them. The first is on population, particularly, the negative consequences of depopulations on the local socio-economic development and the environment. A second source of conflicts identified is caused by the difficult conciliation between commercial exploitation and conservation of the protected natural area. More precisely, this specific form of tourism positively contributes to the economy of local communities whilst problems can arise for the conservation goals of National Parks. Thirdly, in this research is also analyzed the institutional governance and the inter and intra-governmental conflicts as well as with the Park's management body. These findings provide important information for the improved management of tourism and conflicting interests in natural parks.展开更多
Europa,the second Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter,has an outer layer of water of about 100 km thick and an outmost ice shell. The thickness of the ice shell is very important in understanding Europa’s habitab...Europa,the second Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter,has an outer layer of water of about 100 km thick and an outmost ice shell. The thickness of the ice shell is very important in understanding Europa’s habitability and thermal history,but estimates from different studies are very inconsistent,ranging from 0.2 to 30 km. Here we obtain an estimate of the ice shell thickness from locations of flanking crack and forebulge along Ridge R. Considering the water’s heating process to nearby ice shell in the crack,a flexure model is applied and it suggests the thickness of an ice shell to be 500―1500 m without a convective layer. Compared with previous studies using the same method but ignoring the water’s heating process,the rationality and accuracy have been improved dramatically in our results. We also get some constraints on the strain rate ε and the characteristic temperature Tc,which defines the base of the elastic layer.展开更多
We model the interior of Europa using a method by which we set three layers of Europa and the composition of each layer in advance. Comparing the calculated mass and radius related to each model with the data derived ...We model the interior of Europa using a method by which we set three layers of Europa and the composition of each layer in advance. Comparing the calculated mass and radius related to each model with the data derived by the observations, we propose three possible internal structure models for Europa. All models are assumed to be differentiated into a metallic core, a (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 silicate mantle and an outer water shell. The only difference amongst these models are the composition of the core. The core of Model I is composed of Fe, while Model II composed of FeS, and the two models are based on the inferences provided by Europa's external gravitational field. Model III has a core which consists of Fe-FeS alloy, similar to that of Earth's outer core. Model I has a Fe core with a radius of 431 km, a (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle with 999 km and a water shell with 132 km. Model II has a 777 km FeS core, a 619 km (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle and a 167 km water shell. Model III has a 571 km Fe0.8(FeS)0.2 core, a 832 km (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle and a 166 km water shell. In all three models, the density range and the radius of each layer is consistent with those deduced by Anderson et al.展开更多
文摘最近公布的培哚普利降低稳定冠心病患者心脏事件欧洲试验(EUropean trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease,EUROPA)评价了血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)治疗12 218例稳定冠心病(CAD)患者的疗效.随访4.2年后,结果表明,8mg培哚普利每天一次治疗使主要终点事件的相对危险减少20%,主要终点事件包括心血管性死亡,非致死心肌梗死和心脏骤停(P=O.0003).
文摘Nature tourism and particularly tourism in national parks have acquired significant importance in contemporary societies. Post-Fordist consumers have reevaluated the meanings of ‘nature' and ‘natural spaces' and now avoid standardization to seek singularity. Tourism in national parks is a consequence of this tendency and has both positive and negative aspects. The purpose of this sociological research is to describe the most relevant conflicts in the Picos de Europa National Park(Spain) involving the park's conservation, local economic development,and tourism. Seven in-depth interviews and three focus groups were addressed to key local stakeholders.In this research were identified three chief areas of existing or potential inter-related conflicts and the main actors interacting with them. The first is on population, particularly, the negative consequences of depopulations on the local socio-economic development and the environment. A second source of conflicts identified is caused by the difficult conciliation between commercial exploitation and conservation of the protected natural area. More precisely, this specific form of tourism positively contributes to the economy of local communities whilst problems can arise for the conservation goals of National Parks. Thirdly, in this research is also analyzed the institutional governance and the inter and intra-governmental conflicts as well as with the Park's management body. These findings provide important information for the improved management of tourism and conflicting interests in natural parks.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.NSFC40474063).
文摘Europa,the second Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter,has an outer layer of water of about 100 km thick and an outmost ice shell. The thickness of the ice shell is very important in understanding Europa’s habitability and thermal history,but estimates from different studies are very inconsistent,ranging from 0.2 to 30 km. Here we obtain an estimate of the ice shell thickness from locations of flanking crack and forebulge along Ridge R. Considering the water’s heating process to nearby ice shell in the crack,a flexure model is applied and it suggests the thickness of an ice shell to be 500―1500 m without a convective layer. Compared with previous studies using the same method but ignoring the water’s heating process,the rationality and accuracy have been improved dramatically in our results. We also get some constraints on the strain rate ε and the characteristic temperature Tc,which defines the base of the elastic layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 10973044 and 10833001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provincethe Foundation of Minor Planets of Purple Mountain Observatory
文摘We model the interior of Europa using a method by which we set three layers of Europa and the composition of each layer in advance. Comparing the calculated mass and radius related to each model with the data derived by the observations, we propose three possible internal structure models for Europa. All models are assumed to be differentiated into a metallic core, a (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 silicate mantle and an outer water shell. The only difference amongst these models are the composition of the core. The core of Model I is composed of Fe, while Model II composed of FeS, and the two models are based on the inferences provided by Europa's external gravitational field. Model III has a core which consists of Fe-FeS alloy, similar to that of Earth's outer core. Model I has a Fe core with a radius of 431 km, a (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle with 999 km and a water shell with 132 km. Model II has a 777 km FeS core, a 619 km (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle and a 167 km water shell. Model III has a 571 km Fe0.8(FeS)0.2 core, a 832 km (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle and a 166 km water shell. In all three models, the density range and the radius of each layer is consistent with those deduced by Anderson et al.
