Human enterovirus 71(HEV71) is the cause of hand,foot and mouth disease and associated neurological complications in children under five years of age.There has been an increase in HEV71 epidemic activity throughout th...Human enterovirus 71(HEV71) is the cause of hand,foot and mouth disease and associated neurological complications in children under five years of age.There has been an increase in HEV71 epidemic activity throughout the Asia-Pacific region in the past decade,and it is predicted to replace poliovirus as the extant neurotropic enterovirus of highest global public health significance. To date there is no effective antiviral treatment and no vaccine is available to prevent HEV71 infection. The increase in prevalence, virulence and geographic spread of HEV71 infection over the past decade provides increasing incentive for the development of new therapeutic and prevention strategies against this emerging viral infection. The current review focuses on the potential, advantages and disadvantages of these strategies. Since the explosion of outbreaks leading to large epidemics in China, research in natural therapeutic products has identified several groups of compounds with anti-HEV71 activities. Concurrently, the search for effective synthetic antivirals has produced promising results. Other therapeutic strategies including immunotherapy and the use of oligonucleotides have also been explored. A sound prevention strategy is crucial in order to control the spread of HEV71. To this end the ultimate goal is the rapid development, regulatory approval and widespread implementation of a safe and effective vaccine. The various forms of HEV71 vaccine designs are highlighted in this review. Given the rapid progress of research in this area, eradication of the virus is likely to be achieved.展开更多
This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 （EV71） infection. We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） Chinese ch...This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 （EV71） infection. We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） Chinese children with EV71 infection （165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases）. The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction （iMLDR） technique was used to test the genotypes. In EV71-infected patients, the CA genotype distribution （P=0.007）, A allele frequency （OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.0-1.7, P=0.034） and CA＋AA carriage frequency （P=0.003） of OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls, but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases. In EV71-infected patients, the counts of white blood cells （P=0.034） and blood glucose concentrations （P=0.042） were raised in A carriers （CA＋AA）. Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases, the contents of cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） showed no significant differences. IFN-7 levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls （mild group vs. control group, P〈0.01; encephalitis group vs. control group, P〈0.001）. In encephalitis cases, IFN-7 levels were reduced （P〈0.05） in A carriers compared to CC genotype, however, there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA （ P=0.226）. These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection, and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.展开更多
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause serious nervous system lesions but to date the pathogenesis has been unclear. Our results show that EV71 proliferates in the neural cells and leads to neural cell lesions. The study of ...Enterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause serious nervous system lesions but to date the pathogenesis has been unclear. Our results show that EV71 proliferates in the neural cells and leads to neural cell lesions. The study of the pathology of EV71 infection in neonatal rat brains shows that the invasive ability of EV71 to the nervous system in vivo may depend on many unknown factors.展开更多
文摘Human enterovirus 71(HEV71) is the cause of hand,foot and mouth disease and associated neurological complications in children under five years of age.There has been an increase in HEV71 epidemic activity throughout the Asia-Pacific region in the past decade,and it is predicted to replace poliovirus as the extant neurotropic enterovirus of highest global public health significance. To date there is no effective antiviral treatment and no vaccine is available to prevent HEV71 infection. The increase in prevalence, virulence and geographic spread of HEV71 infection over the past decade provides increasing incentive for the development of new therapeutic and prevention strategies against this emerging viral infection. The current review focuses on the potential, advantages and disadvantages of these strategies. Since the explosion of outbreaks leading to large epidemics in China, research in natural therapeutic products has identified several groups of compounds with anti-HEV71 activities. Concurrently, the search for effective synthetic antivirals has produced promising results. Other therapeutic strategies including immunotherapy and the use of oligonucleotides have also been explored. A sound prevention strategy is crucial in order to control the spread of HEV71. To this end the ultimate goal is the rapid development, regulatory approval and widespread implementation of a safe and effective vaccine. The various forms of HEV71 vaccine designs are highlighted in this review. Given the rapid progress of research in this area, eradication of the virus is likely to be achieved.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31171212）, the Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Projects of Shangdong Province （No. 2017WS379）, and the Science and Technology Development Projects of Zibo City （No. 2017kj010010）.
文摘This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 （EV71） infection. We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） Chinese children with EV71 infection （165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases）. The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction （iMLDR） technique was used to test the genotypes. In EV71-infected patients, the CA genotype distribution （P=0.007）, A allele frequency （OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.0-1.7, P=0.034） and CA＋AA carriage frequency （P=0.003） of OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls, but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases. In EV71-infected patients, the counts of white blood cells （P=0.034） and blood glucose concentrations （P=0.042） were raised in A carriers （CA＋AA）. Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases, the contents of cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） showed no significant differences. IFN-7 levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls （mild group vs. control group, P〈0.01; encephalitis group vs. control group, P〈0.001）. In encephalitis cases, IFN-7 levels were reduced （P〈0.05） in A carriers compared to CC genotype, however, there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA （ P=0.226）. These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection, and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.
文摘Enterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause serious nervous system lesions but to date the pathogenesis has been unclear. Our results show that EV71 proliferates in the neural cells and leads to neural cell lesions. The study of the pathology of EV71 infection in neonatal rat brains shows that the invasive ability of EV71 to the nervous system in vivo may depend on many unknown factors.
