Discontinuity development patterns and the challenges for 3D discrete fracture network modeling on complicated exposed rock surfaces

Natural slopes usually display complicated exposed rock surfaces that are characterized by complex and substantial terrain undulation and ubiquitous undesirable phenomena such as vegetation cover and rockfalls.This study presents a systematic outcrop research of fracture pattern variations in a complicated rock slope,and the qualitative and quantitative study of the complex phenomena impact on threedimensional(3D)discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling.As the studies of the outcrop fracture pattern have been so far focused on local variations,thus,we put forward a statistical analysis of global variations.The entire outcrop is partitioned into several subzones,and the subzone-scale variability of fracture geometric properties is analyzed(including the orientation,the density,and the trace length).The results reveal significant variations in fracture characteristics(such as the concentrative degree,the average orientation,the density,and the trace length)among different subzones.Moreover,the density of fracture sets,which is approximately parallel to the slope surface,exhibits a notably higher value compared to other fracture sets across all subzones.To improve the accuracy of the DFN modeling,the effects of three common phenomena resulting from vegetation and rockfalls are qualitatively analyzed and the corresponding quantitative data processing solutions are proposed.Subsequently,the 3D fracture geometric parameters are determined for different areas of the high-steep rock slope in terms of the subzone dimensions.The results show significant variations in the same set of 3D fracture parameters across different regions with density differing by up to tenfold and mean trace length exhibiting differences of 3e4 times.The study results present precise geological structural information,improve modeling accuracy,and provide practical solutions for addressing complex outcrop issues.

F-doped orthorhombic Nb_(2)O_(5) exposed with 97% (100) facet for fast reversible Liþ-Intercalation

Orthorhombic Nb_(2)O_(5)(T-Nb_(2)O_(5))is attractive for fast-charging Li-ion batteries,but it is still hard to realize rapid charge transfer kinetics for Li-ion storage.Herein,F-doped T-Nb_(2)O_(5) microflowers(F-Nb_(2)O_(5))are rationally synthesized through topotactic conversion.Specifically,F-Nb_(2)O_(5) are assembled by single-crystal nanoflakes with nearly 97%exposed(100)facet,which maximizes the exposure of the feasible Li^(+)transport pathways along loosely packed 4g atomic layers to the electrolytes,thus effectively enhancing the Li^(+)-intercalation performance.Besides,the band gap of F-Nb_(2)O_(5) is reduced to 2.87 eV due to the doping of F atoms,leading to enhanced electrical conductivity.The synergetic effects between tailored exposed crystal facets,F-doping,and ultrathin building blocks,speed up the Li^(+)/electron transfer kinetics and improve the pseudocapacitive properties of F-Nb_(2)O_(5).Therefore,F-Nb_(2)O_(5) exhibit superior rate capability(210.8 and 164.9 mAh g^(-1) at 1 and 10 C,respectively)and good long-term 10 C cycling performance(132.7 mAh g^(-1) after 1500 cycles).

Postoperative encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor treated by exposed endoscopic full-thickness resection: A case report

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumors,originating from mesenchymal tissues,are one of the most common tumors of the digestive tract.For stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria,compared with conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR)can remove deep lesions and digestive tract wall tumors completely.However,this technique has major limitations such as perforation,postoperative bleeding,and post-polypectomy syndrome.Herein,we report a case of postoperative serous surface bleeding which formed an encapsulated hemoperitoneum in a patient with gastric stromal tumor that was treated with exposed EFTR.Feasible treatment options to address this complication are described.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old male patient had a hemispherical protrusion found during gastric endoscopic ultrasonography,located at the upper gastric curvature adjacent to the stomach fundus,with a smooth surface mucosa and poor mobility.The lesion was 19.3 mm×16.1 mm in size and originated from the fourth ultrasound layer.Computed tomography(CT)revealed no significant evidence of lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis.Using conventional ESD technology for mucosal pre-resection,exposed EFTR was performed to resect the intact tumor in order to achieve a definitive histopathological diagnosis.Based on its morphology and immunohistochemical expression of CD117 and DOG-1,the lesion was proven to be consistent with a gastric stromal tumor.Six days after exposed EFTR,CT showed a large amount of encapsulated fluid and gas accumulation around the stomach.In addition,gastroscopy suggested intracavitary bleeding and abdominal puncture drainage indicated serosal bleeding.Based on these findings,the patient was diagnosed with serosal bleeding resulting in encapsulated abdominal hemorrhage after exposed EFTR for a gastric stromal tumor.The patient received combined treatments,such as hemostasis under gastroscopy,gastrointestinal decompression,and abdominal drainage.All examinations were normal within six months of follow-up.CONCLUSION This patient developed serous surface bleeding in the gastric cavity following exposed EFTR.Serosal bleeding resulting in an encapsulated hemoperitoneum is rare in clinical practice.The combined treatment may replace certain surgical techniques.

Exploring the mechanism of moist exposed burn ointment for the treatment of diabetic ulcer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To discuss the main active components and potential mechanisms of moist burn ointment in the treat-ment of diabetic ulcer were discussed by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:Based on the TC-MSP database,the main active components and targets of MEBO were screened.The targets related to diabetic ulcers were searched from GeneCards,OMIM,PharmGkb,TTD,and DrugBank databases.The STRING 11.5 database was used to con-struct a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network to screen the core targets.The'drug-target-disease'network diagram was made in Cytoscape 3.8.2 software to screen the core active components.GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using R language software.Finally,molecular docking was used to preliminarily verify the screening results.Results:A total of 37 active components of MEBO were screened to map 100 targets,5527 targets for diabetic ulcer dis-ease,and 77 intersection targets.PPI network topology analysis suggested that TP53,TNF,HSP90AA1 and other targets were key targets;the network diagram of ‘drug-target-disease’showed that acacetin,wogonin,quercetin,and rutaecarpine were the core active ingredients.GO function analysis mainly involved angiogenesis,ion transport,diameter regulation,cytokine receptor binding,and other processes.KEGG enrichment analysis mainly included PI3K-Akt,AGE-RAGE,and other signaling pathways.Molecular docking showed that the core active ingredients and key targets had good docking activity.Conclusion:The treatment of diabetic ulcer with MEBO is the result of multi-component,multi-target,and synergistic regulation,which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of MEBO and the treatment of diabetic ulcer.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Polymerase Chain Reaction Status of HIV Exposed Infants in a Sub Regional Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programme during the Period 2009-2020

Introduction: Transitioning to more efficacious Antiretrovirals for HIV infected pregnant women and infant prophylaxis has reduced Mother to child transmission of HIV significantly. This study aimed to determine HIV infection status in HIVexposed infants who had their first DNA polymerase chain reaction test in our molecular Laboratory. Subjects, Materials and Methods: Dried Blood Spots for HIV DNA results from 5 states between 2009 and 2020 were analyzed in the PCR laboratory of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Results: Nine thousand eight hundred and twenty-three Human Immunodeficiency Virus Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase Chain Reaction results were analysed;4937 (50.2%) were males. During the study period, there was an overall declining trend in the mother-to-child transmission rate from 3.8% in 2009 to 1.0% in 2020. 6120 (62.3%) of HIV + mothers received Highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART before pregnancy. 7845 (76.2%) of the infants received Nevirapine prophylaxis. Dried blood spot samples were collected from 4077 (41.5%) at 6 - 8 weeks. 8438 (85.9%) received cotrimoxazole. 9469 (96.4%) were ever breastfed. Of the 9823 HIV DNA PCR results, 255 (2.6%) were positive while 69/4077 (1.7%) and 109/2662 (4.1%) were positive for HIV DNA at 6 - 8 weeks and > 12 weeks respectively. (p = 0.001). 86/747 (11.5%) of infants whose HIV-positive mothers received no ARVS were HIV DNA positive. (p = 0.001). 106/884 (12.0%) of infants who had no Antiretroviral prophylaxis had positive HIV DNA results;7/413 (1.7%) with Zidovudine/Nevirapine prophylaxis had positive results. (p = 0.001). 246/9469 (2.6%) of infants that were ever breastfed were positive for HIV DNA;11/354 (3.0%) that never breastfed had positive HIV DNA. Conclusion: Lack of maternal/infant ARVs and prolonged breastfeeding increased the risk of infant HIV infection.

A SHORT NOTE ABOUT EXPOSED POINTS IN REAL BANACH SPACES

We express the set of exposed points in terms of rotund points and non-smooth points.As long as we have Banach spaces each time＂bigger＂,we consider sets of non-smooth points each time＂smaller＂.

温度对改良后Atmosphere-exposed Biofilm系统处理特性的影响

研究利用改良后Atmosphere-exposed Biofilm系统处理了模拟废水,调查分析了温度对改良后系统处理性能的影响。同时,通过菲尔普斯公式探求了改良后系统的温度系数。结果,在10~35℃温度范围内,改良后Atmosphere-exposed Biofilm系统的COD、TN及TP出水浓度呈下降趋势,去除率及去除速率呈上升趋势,与改良前相比系统在低温及高温阶段TN、TP的处理具有一定耐温性。改良后系统的COD、TN及TP温度系数分别为1.007 3、1.029 7及1.030 6,温度对TP的影响最大。

THE OBSERVATION OF MICRONUCLEUS IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES ON WORKERS EXPOSED TO BENZENE

The mutagenicity of benzene was studied by using the micronucleustest (MNT) on 63 cases of exposed workers in a shoe plant inYinchuan.The results show that the micronucleus rate(MNR) ofbenzene exposed workers was significantly higher than that of con-trol(P【0.01) and the MNR of female was higher than that of

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS ON GENETIC MARKERS AND CELL DIVISION IN EXPOSED HUMAN POPULATIONS

Genotoxic effects of industrial effluents werescreened on directly and indirectly exposedpopulations.The exposure is usually chronic tosubtoxic doses of mixed chemicals,forming workplace hazard.Variants of serum proteins andenzymes,used as genetic markers,were

THE CYTOGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO N,N^t-METHYLENE-BIS-(2-AMINO-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE)

The study was designed to investigatecytogenotoxic effects of occupationalexposure to N,N’-methylene-bis-(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (MATDA) for 11 workers(2 male,9 female) exposed to MATDA for 4-8 years,with the average level of 0.

CHANGE IN PROTEIN PATTERN ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS GEL AFTER EXPOSURE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER TO MAGNETIC FIELDS.

To ascertain whether the gene expression is altered byexposure of living organisms to strong magnetic field,4-7 days old males of fruit fly Drosophila melanogasterwere exposed to 10,000 G static magnetic field

水力负荷对Atmosphere-Exposed Biofilm(AEB)净化效果的影响

本文采用Atmosphere-Exposed Biofilm（AEB）处理模拟废水，调查分析了水力负荷（4．3、8．5、12．7、17．0、21．3rn／d）对系统处理特性的影响。结果表明，水力负荷对COD、TN、TP具有不同程度的影响，COD、TN、TP最佳去除率分别出现17．0、17．0、21．3m／d。在17．0～21．3m／d负荷范围内，COD、TN出水浓度满足了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准，TP满足一级B标准。在所有运行范围内，系统COD、TN、TP去除速率相对恒定。系统水力负荷与进出水浓度比（C／C0）拟合结果，水力负荷与系统处理特性具有一定相关性。综合水力负荷对系统处理特性的影响，水力负荷为17．0m／d时，Atmosphere．Exposed Biofilm（AEB）系统处理效果较优。

Atmosphere-Exposed Biofilm(AEB)滤料填充率优化研究

采用Atmosphere-Exposed Biofilm（AEB）处理模拟废水,考察了400、500、600和700 m/m3等不同滤料填充率运行条件下系统的处理特性,并确定了最佳滤料填充率。结果表明,在滤料填充率为400~700 m/m3时,COD（化学需氧量）、TN（总氮）及TP（总磷）出水浓度均满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级B标准;填充率为600 m/m3时,COD、TN出水浓度最低,去除率最高。在400~700 m/m3运行范围内,滤料填充率与单位长度滤料上污染物去除速率具有很好的相关性。结合AEB系统处理特性及单位容积、单位长度滤料上污染物去除速率,确定系统最佳滤料填充率为600 m/m3。

An analytical solution for evaluating the safety of an exposed face in a paste backfill stope incorporating the arching phenomenon

In current underground mining, the stability of the exposed backfill face is a basic issue associated with mining design and has been the subject of considerable research in mining safety and efficiency. In this study, an improved analytical solution for evaluating the safety of vertically exposed faces in backfilling was proposed. Based on a differential slice method, the proposed solution emphasizes the arching effect as having the advantages of more rigor and wider scalability. Feasibility of the proposed solution was validated with classic centrifuge results. Good agreement between compared results indicated that the proposed solution skillfully predicts the behavior of the paste centrifuge model. Additionally, calculation of exposed face safety in sequential filling was presented. The proposed solution has practical significance in mine backfill design.

Ultimately exposed roof area prediction of bauxite deposit goaf based on macro joint damage

The ultimately exposed roof area(UERA)of goaf is crucial to the safety and economics of underground mining.The prediction models do not consider the mechanical weakness of rock mass and ignore the influence of the joint damage factor,causing a large predicted exposure area with a high roof falling risk.This work adopted joint damage factor to derive a new UERA prediction model.The relationships between the UERA(S)and the span ratio(m),the density(k)and the diameter of fracture(d)were analysed by the new prediction model.The results showed that the exposed area S and the span ratio m have a U-shaped curve relationship.The S decreases with the increase of m and then increases when m is beyond 2.The exposed roof area S is in an inversely proportional power-law relationship with the fracture surface density k,and the curvature of the S-k relationship curve decreases when d=0.5 and k>7,and S is close to 0.There is a negative correlation between S and the fracture surface diameter d,the curvature of the S-d curve decreases with the increase of d and k,and the variation rate increases first and then decreases with the increase of d;when k=0.5 and d>9,S is close to 0.The predicted values of the UERA prediction model are 119.3,112.8,and 114.6 m2 with different joint damage parameters,which are slightly smaller than the actual critical exposure area of a roof(S=120 m2).The case study shows that the alternative prediction model is reasonable and acceptable and provides new theoretical support for the underground mining safety of sedimentary bauxite ore.

Lymphocyte Subsets and Sister-chromatid Exchanges in the Students Exposed to Formaldehyde Vapor

The present report evaluates the effects of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on peripheral lymphocytes by using heth genetic and immunological parameters. Twenty-three non-smoking students in the study had inhalation exposure to 0.508 ±0. 299 mg/m3 of FA for a Period of 8 weeks (3h × 3 times each week) during anatomy classes. As for composition of lymphocyte subsets after FA exposare,significant increase was found in the percentage of CD19(B cells), while sighficant decrease was observed in CD3(total T cells), CD4(T helper-inducer cells), and CD8(T cytotoxic-suppressior cells) with a P<0 .01. Increase in the ratio of T-helper-inducer cells to T-cytotoxic-suppressor cells (T4 / T8) was also observed with statistical sighcance after exposure (P < 0.001). In the meanwhile,no significant difference (P > 0 .05) was reported between lymphocyte prolifendion rate and sisterchromatid exchange (SCE) at the exposure level and duration. It is suggested that the lymphocyte subsets may be most susceptible to the effects of FA, though a single immunological endpoint is rarely related with pathophysiological interpretation.

Treating aplasia cutis congenita in a newborn with the combination of ionic silver dressing and moist exposed burn ointment: A case report

BACKGROUND Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) in newborns is a condition in which congenital defects or hypoplasia is present in part of the epidermis,dermis and even subcutaneous tissue (including muscle and bones).First reported by Cordon in 1767,ACC is a rare disease with a low incidence of 1/100000 to 3/10000.Currently,there are 500 cases reported worldwide.ACC can be accompanied by other malformations.The onset mechanism of the disease remains unknown but is thought to be correlated to factors such as genetics,narrow uterus,foetal skin and amniotic membrane adhesion,use of teratogenic drugs in early pregnancy and viral infection.CASE SUMMARY In August 2018,we treated a newborn with ACC on the left lower limbs using a combination of ionic silver dressing and moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and achieved a satisfactory treatment outcome.The skin defects were observed on the external genitals and on areas from the left foot to 3/4 of the upper left side.Subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels were observed in the regions with skin defects.The following treatments were provided.First,the wound was rinsed with 0.9% sodium chloride solution followed by disinfection with povidone-iodine twice.And then MEBO was applied to the wound at a thickness of approximately 1 mm.After applying ionic silver dressing,the wound was covered with sterile gauze.The wound dressing was replaced every 2-3 d.At the 4-mo follow-up,the treatment outcome was satisfactory.There was minimal scar tissue formation,and limb function was not impaired.CONCLUSION The combination of ionic silver dressing and MEBO to ACC is helpful.

Atmosphere-Exposed Biofilm有机物降解动力学研究

文章采用Atmosphere-Exposed Biofilm（AEB）处理了模拟废水。通过考察不同表面水力负荷4.25、8.5、12.7、17.0、21.25 m^3/（m^2·d）与滤料填充高度0.12、0.24、0.36、0.48 m条件下,AEB系统对有机物的处理特性,探讨了系统的有机物降解动力学模型,确定了相关的动力学参数。结果表明,在4.25~17.0 m3/（m^2·d）表面水力负荷范围内,有机物去除率随表面水力负荷的增加呈上升趋势;而在17.0~21.25 m3/（m^2·d）表面水力负荷范围内,有机物去除率随表面水力负荷的增加呈下降趋势。在0.12~0.48 m滤料填充高度范围内,有机物去除率随滤料填充高度的增加呈上升趋势。AEB系统有机物降解动力学参数n为0.644 1、K为3.867 4,有机物降解动力学模型可表示为Se=Sa×exp（-3.867 4D/q^0.644 1）。

In-situ decoration of metallic Bi on BiOBr with exposed(110)facets and surface oxygen vacancy for enhanced solar light photocatalytic degradation of gaseous n-hexane

Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants on Bi-based semiconductors under solar lightirradiation has attracted significant attention.However,their application in gaseous straight-chainalkane purification is still rare.Here,a series of Bi/BiOBr composites were solvothermally synthe-sized and applied in solar-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of gaseous n-hexane.The charac-terization results revealed that both increasing number of functional groups of alcohol solvent(from methanol and ethylene glycol to glycerol)and solvothermal temperature(from 160 and 180to 200℃)facilitated the in-situ formation of metallic Bi nanospheres on BiOBr nanoplates withexposed(110)facets.Meanwhile,chemical bonding between Bi and BiOBr was observed on theseexposed facets that resulted in the formation of surface oxygen vacancy.Furthermore,the synergis-tic effect of optimum surface oxygen vacancy on exposed(110)facets led to a high visible light re-sponse,narrow band gap,great photocurrent,low recombination rate of the charge carriers,andstrong·O2-and h*formation,all of which resulted in the highest removal efficiency of 97.4%within120 min of 15 ppmv of n-hexane on Bi/BiOBr.Our findings efficiently broaden the application ofBi-based photocatalysis technology in the purification of gaseous straight-chain pollutants emittedby the petrochemical industry.

Micronuclei in Nasal Mucosa, Oral Mucosa and Lymphocytes in Students Exposed to Formaldehyde Vapor in Anatomy Class

The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cells of the nasal mucosa, oral mucosa and in lym-phocytes was evaluated for 25 students in anatomy classes exposed to formaldehyde (FA) overan 8-week period. Each student served as his or her own control. The time-weighted averageconcentration (TWA) of fOrmaldehyde in anatomical laboratories and in students' dormitorieswas 0. 508 ± 0. 299 mg/m3 and 0. 012 ± 0. 0025mg/m3, respectively. A higher frequency ofmicronuclei was observed in nasal and oral exfoliative cells after formaldehyde exposure (3. 85± 1. 48 vs 1 .20± 0. 676 and 0. 857 ± 0. 558 vs 0. 568 ± 0. 317, paired-t test: P< 0. 001and P < 0. 01, respectively). No significant increase in the frequency of lymphocyte micronu-clei was found after formaldehyde exposure (P >0. 05 ). The present study shows that nasalmucosa cel1s exposed through respiration are the chief target of FA-induced genotoxic effects