In land warfare,trenches serve as vital defensive fortifications,offering protection to soldiers while engaging in combat.However,despite their protective function,soldiers often sustain injuries within these trenches...In land warfare,trenches serve as vital defensive fortifications,offering protection to soldiers while engaging in combat.However,despite their protective function,soldiers often sustain injuries within these trenches.The lack of corresponding blast data alongside empirical injury reports presents a significant knowledge gap,particularly concerning the blast pressures propagating within trench spaces following nearby explosions.This absence hinders the correlation between blast parameters,trench geometry,and reported injury cases,limiting our understanding of blast-related risks within trenches.This paper addresses the critical aspect of blast propagation within trench systems,essential for evaluating potential blast injury risks to individuals within these structures.Through advanced computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,the study comprehensively investigates blast injury risks resulting from explosions near military trenches.Employing a sophisticated computational model,the research analyzes the dynamic blast effects within trenches,considering both geometrical parameters and blast characteristics influenced by explosive weight and scaled distance.The numerical simulations yield valuable insights into the impact of these parameters on blast injury risks,particularly focusing on eardrum rupture,lung injury,and traumatic brain injury levels within the trench.The findings elucidate distinct patterns of high-risk zones,highlighting unique characteristics of internal explosions due to confinement and venting dynamics along the trench.This study underscores the significance of detailed numerical modeling in assessing blast injury risks and provides a novel knowledge base for understanding risks associated with explosives detonating near military trenches.The insights gained contribute to enhancing safety measures in both military and civilian contexts exposed to blast events near trench structures.展开更多
目的分析高空迅速减压对中耳和听力的影响。方法对因意外导致的某运-8飞机12名机组人员在7 000 m高空爆舱2天后行耳内镜检查和纯音测听、声导抗测试。结果发生飞机舱内迅速减压时,12人均曾有耳痛、耳鸣,均经做吞咽动作数秒钟后症状缓解...目的分析高空迅速减压对中耳和听力的影响。方法对因意外导致的某运-8飞机12名机组人员在7 000 m高空爆舱2天后行耳内镜检查和纯音测听、声导抗测试。结果发生飞机舱内迅速减压时,12人均曾有耳痛、耳鸣,均经做吞咽动作数秒钟后症状缓解,着陆后无听力下降感。耳内镜检查示2人双侧鼓膜Ⅱ度充血,10例鼓膜正常;纯音测听示1人右耳中高频区感音神经性听力损失(平均听阈35 dB HL),其余23耳气骨导听阈均≤25 dB HL;鼓室导抗图11人22耳A型,1人双耳Ad型,12人24耳耳声反射均正常。10人飞行合格,2名轻度耳气压伤者经对症处理1周后痊愈,恢复飞行。随访1年,12名机组人员均在继续飞行。结论本次高空迅速减压对中耳和听力损伤程度轻,与高空爆舱的不可控因素(飞行高度相对低和迅速减压速率相对慢)及可控因素(飞行员快速下降飞机飞行高度和机组人员采用咽鼓管主动开放动作等应对措施)密切相关。展开更多
文摘In land warfare,trenches serve as vital defensive fortifications,offering protection to soldiers while engaging in combat.However,despite their protective function,soldiers often sustain injuries within these trenches.The lack of corresponding blast data alongside empirical injury reports presents a significant knowledge gap,particularly concerning the blast pressures propagating within trench spaces following nearby explosions.This absence hinders the correlation between blast parameters,trench geometry,and reported injury cases,limiting our understanding of blast-related risks within trenches.This paper addresses the critical aspect of blast propagation within trench systems,essential for evaluating potential blast injury risks to individuals within these structures.Through advanced computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,the study comprehensively investigates blast injury risks resulting from explosions near military trenches.Employing a sophisticated computational model,the research analyzes the dynamic blast effects within trenches,considering both geometrical parameters and blast characteristics influenced by explosive weight and scaled distance.The numerical simulations yield valuable insights into the impact of these parameters on blast injury risks,particularly focusing on eardrum rupture,lung injury,and traumatic brain injury levels within the trench.The findings elucidate distinct patterns of high-risk zones,highlighting unique characteristics of internal explosions due to confinement and venting dynamics along the trench.This study underscores the significance of detailed numerical modeling in assessing blast injury risks and provides a novel knowledge base for understanding risks associated with explosives detonating near military trenches.The insights gained contribute to enhancing safety measures in both military and civilian contexts exposed to blast events near trench structures.
文摘目的分析高空迅速减压对中耳和听力的影响。方法对因意外导致的某运-8飞机12名机组人员在7 000 m高空爆舱2天后行耳内镜检查和纯音测听、声导抗测试。结果发生飞机舱内迅速减压时,12人均曾有耳痛、耳鸣,均经做吞咽动作数秒钟后症状缓解,着陆后无听力下降感。耳内镜检查示2人双侧鼓膜Ⅱ度充血,10例鼓膜正常;纯音测听示1人右耳中高频区感音神经性听力损失(平均听阈35 dB HL),其余23耳气骨导听阈均≤25 dB HL;鼓室导抗图11人22耳A型,1人双耳Ad型,12人24耳耳声反射均正常。10人飞行合格,2名轻度耳气压伤者经对症处理1周后痊愈,恢复飞行。随访1年,12名机组人员均在继续飞行。结论本次高空迅速减压对中耳和听力损伤程度轻,与高空爆舱的不可控因素(飞行高度相对低和迅速减压速率相对慢)及可控因素(飞行员快速下降飞机飞行高度和机组人员采用咽鼓管主动开放动作等应对措施)密切相关。
