Scatter Search Based Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Earliness/Tardiness Flowshop Scheduling with Uncertainty

Considering the imprecise nature of the data in real-world problems, the earliness/tardiness （E/T） fiowshop scheduling problem with uncertain processing time and distinct due windows is concerned in this paper. A fuzzy scheduling model is established and then transformed into a deterministic one by employing the method of maximizing the membership function of middle value. Moreover, an effective scatter search based particle swarm optimization （SSPSO） algorithm is proposed to minimize the sum of total earliness and tardiness penalties. The proposed SSPSO algorithm incorporates the scatter search （SS） algorithm into the frame of particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm and gives full play to their characteristics of fast convergence and high diversity. Besides, a differential evolution （DE） scheme is used to generate solutions in the SS. In addition, the dynamic update strategy and critical conditions are adopted to improve the performance of SSPSO. The simulation results indicate the superiority of SSPSO in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

Simulated Annealing for Earliness/Tardiness Production Planning Model

To describe the earliness/tardiness production planning problems in the JIT environment, a nonlinear semi\|infinite programming model was proposed in \. Due to a nonconvex objective function and many infinite constraints, the model is difficult to be solved by traditional methods. In this paper, simulated annealing method combined with a heuristic is developed. Numerical results shows that the present approach is very efficient. Theoretically, the developed method is an attempt to solve a continuous domain problem by using simulated annealing.

Scheduling problems on tardiness penalty and earliness award with simply linear processing time

In this paper, a single-machine scheduling model with a given common due date and simple linear processing times was considered. The objective is the total weighted tardiness penalty and earliness award. Some polynomial time solvable cases for this problem are given. A dynamic programming algorithm was provided and a branch and bound algorithm for general case of the problem was provided based on a rapid method for estimating the lower bound.

A dynamic programming algorithm for scheduling problems on earliness award and tardiness penalty with time-dependent processing time

In this paper, a single-machine scheduling model with a given common due date is considered. Job processing time is a linear decreasing function of its starting time. The objective function is to minimize the total weighted earliness award and tardiness penalty. Our aim is to find an optimal schedule so as to minimize the objective function. As the problem is NP-hard, some properties and polynomial time solvable cases of this problem are given. A dynamic programming algorithm for the general case of the problem is provided.

Identification and Gene Mapping of Completely Dominant Earliness in Rice

The completely dominant earliness was identified in a genie male-sterile and early maturing indica line 6442S-7. F1 progenies from 6442S-7 crossed with thirteen various types of medium- or late-maturing varieties, shared the same heading date as 6442S-7. The segregation of heading date in the F2 and B1F1 populations showed that the earliness of 6442S-7 is mainly controlled by two dominant major genes. The local linkage map of one dominant earliness gene harbored in 6442S-7 was constructed with F2 population and four kinds of molecular marker techniques. The results showed that the gene was located between a RFLP marker C515 and a RAPD marker OPI 11.557 on the terminal region of short arm of rice chromosome 3, 10.9cM and 1.5cM from C515 and OPI11.557, respectively. The genetic distances from the target gene to two SSR markers, RM22 and RM231, and one AFLP marker, PT671, were 3.0, 6.7 and 12.4 cM, respectively. This gene, being identified and mapped first, is designated tentatively as Ef-cd(t). As a new genetic resource of completely dominant earliness, 6442S-7 has splendid future in rice improvement.

Genetic Analysis of Earliness Traits in Short Season Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Inheritance and interrelationship of phenotype and genotype of earliness traits were evaluated in a diallel analysis involving six early-maturing parents. Date of first square （DFS）, date of first flower （DFF）, date of first open boll （DFOB）, number of node first sympodial branch （NNFSB）, and harvested rate before frost （HRBF） as earliness traits of six parents, 15 F1 hybrids and 15 F2 progenies were investigated from 2005 to 2008. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Additive, dominance and epistasis effects were analyzed with ADAA （additive- dominance-epistasis） model. HRBF, DFF, and DFOB showed significant additive genetic variances. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.088 （HN, narrow sense） and 0.416 （HNE, environment interaction） for HRBF, to 0.103 （HN） and 0.524 （HNE） for DFF, and to 0.187 （HN） and 0.519 （H~） for DFOB. Dominance genetic effects for DFS, DFF, DFOB, and NNSFB were stronger than additive effects. Additive-by-additive epistatic effects for DFS, DFOB, and NNSFB were detected and affected by environment. Correlation analysis showed generally that HRBF had a significant negative genetic and phenotypic correlation with DFS, DFOB, and NNFSB; DFS had significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations with DFF, DFOB, and NNFSB; significant positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were also detected between DFF and DFOB, DFF and NNFSB, DFOB and NNFSB. The results showed that the lower the node to the first fruiting branch and the shorter the plant, the earlier was the onset of squaring, flowering, and boll opening, the higher was the harvest rate before frost. Heredity of earliness traits among parents and their hybrids were also detected and parents A1, A2, Bl, B2, and B3 could be used to improve earliness traits of short season cotton cultivars.

Combined Timetabling Procedure and Complete Local Search for No-Wait Job Shop Scheduling with Total Tardiness

The strong non-deterministic polynomial-hard( NP-hard)character of job shop scheduling problem( JSSP) has been acknowledged widely and it becomes stronger when attaches the nowait constraint,which widely exists in many production processes,such as chemistry process, metallurgical process. However,compared with the massive research on traditional job shop problem,little attention has been paid on the no-wait constraint.Therefore,in this paper, we have dealt with this problem by decomposing it into two sub-problems, the timetabling and sequencing problems,in traditional frame work. A new efficient combined non-order timetabling method,coordinated with objective of total tardiness,is proposed for the timetabling problems. As for the sequencing one,we have presented a modified complete local search with memory combined by crossover operator and distance counting. The entire algorithm was tested on well-known benchmark problems and compared with several existing algorithms.Computational experiments showed that our proposed algorithm performed both effectively and efficiently.

No-Wait Flowshops to Minimize Total Tardiness with Setup Times

The m-machine no-wait flowshop scheduling problem is addressed where setup times are treated as separate from processing times. The objective is to minimize total tardiness. Different dispatching rules have been investigated and three were found to be superior. Two heuristics, a simulated annealing (SA) and a genetic algorithm (GA), have been proposed by using the best performing dispatching rule as the initial solution for SA, and the three superior dispatching rules as part of the initial population for GA. Moreover, improved versions of SA and GA are proposed using an insertion algorithm. Extensive computational experiments reveal that the improved versions of SA and GA perform about 95% better than SA and GA. The improved version of GA outperforms the improved version of SA by about 3.5%.

Isolation, Identification and Earliness Effect Analysis of Rice Dominant Earliness Gene Ef-cd

Ef-cd gene is a dominant earliness gene located on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. In this paper, through continuous backcross, self-pollination and molecular marker assisted selection, individual Ef-cd gene was isolated and its nearly isogenic lines were constructed by using early-maturing indica line 6442S-7 as the donor parent, and by using latematuring indica line Minghui 63 （MH63）, Shuhui 881 （SH881） and Shuhui 527 （SH527） as the recurrent parents （genetic background）, respectively. Further, it was found out that Ef-cd gene could generally advance rice to head 11-14 d earlier. So, it was considered that Ef-cd gene played an important role in rapid developing early-maturing and super high-yielding rice varieties.

Genetic Mechanism of Dominant Earliness in Kefeng A,a New Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line

Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines （NILs） EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL（Hd1） and NIL（Hd4）. Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.

非感染性关节炎患者的慢病管理:挑战与应对

非感染性关节炎(non-infectious arthritis,NIS)主要包括骨关节炎和炎性关节炎。在中国,随着人口老龄化的不断加剧,NIS患者的慢病管理将面临巨大挑战,如病程长、多系统受累、个性化诊疗需求高、对疾病认识不足以及共病管理难度大等问题。为应对挑战,需从国家层面制定系统性NIS慢病管理策略,包括加大科普力度、完善转诊制度,同时利用人工智能技术辅助早期诊断,实施包括优化药物/手术治疗和多学科协作的干预措施,以有效管理NIS。未来,随着人工智能技术和新型生物制剂应用研究的不断深入,NIS的慢病管理将更为智能化和个性化。

进一步提升我国弱视防治水平

弱视是严重影响儿童眼健康的常见眼病,中华医学会眼科学分会斜视与小儿眼科学组为防治弱视开展了大量工作,但在弱视的筛查和临床诊疗中尚存在诸多问题亟待关注和解决。本文从重视视觉发育规律,将弱视防治时机前移;重视弱视的规范治疗,避免过度诊疗和商业化;建立高效的弱视筛查体系,弱视防治任重道远3个方面展开深入浅出的阐述,以期为临床规范开展工作提供指导意见,不断提升我国的弱视防治水平。

黄土地区沟谷型泥流单沟及区域预警

[目的]提出黄土地区沟谷型泥流的单沟及区域预警模型,为黄土地区泥流预警提供参考。[方法]通过收集文献资料,对泥流形成的降雨条件、地形条件、地质条件数据进行了分析,采用通用泥石流预警方法演变的泥流预警模型对黄土部分地区泥流进行了单沟及区域预警,并与基于临界降雨强度的预警方法对比。[结果]单沟预警中,泥流预警模型对黄土地区47次泥流事件进行预警的成功率约90%;区域预警中,泥流预警模型对西峰区、镇原县及延安市进行预警的成功率接近100%;利用综合降雨临界值对黄土地区泥流进行简便降雨预警的成功率约90%。[结论]采用泥流预警模型对黄土地区泥流进行单沟及区域预警相比于其他研究中基于临界降雨强度的预警方法考虑因素更全面,有更高的准确率,预警结果更细致。

早期龋齿检测的近红外漫反射成像研究

近年来龋齿的管理已经明显转向早期检测和预防,这可以显著提高治疗效果并减少侵入性治疗的需求。文章研究了近红外漫反射成像在早期龋齿检测中的可行性。根据组织光学中的漫反射成像理论,在原有研究基础上,建立了基于780nm波长的LED照明的一种近红外漫反射成像系统,命名为NIRCaries 780。为了确认NIRCaries 780的性能,对54个牙面同时使用NIRCaries 780、DIAGNOcam进行检测,并根据ICDASⅡ标准,由经验丰富的牙医对龋齿病变进行评估。使用Spearman等级相关系数评估NIRCaries 780的性能。与ICDASⅡ标准相比,NIRCaries 780的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为0.806、0.870和0.833。DIAGNOcam的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为0.871、0.913和0.889。与DIAGNOcam相比,这种技术使用简单,无接触,并且在提示牙釉质早期龋齿方面是可行的。未来的研究将结合近红外漫反射成像与自动分类算法,为家庭口腔健康,预防龋齿提供技术手段。

明中叶七律宗向与复古诗学演进

以对唐人七律的接受为视点,可以把明中叶复古诗学的发展分为三期:弘、正诗学辨体观念尚不甚精严,李梦阳及其羽翼因学杜变体而或近于宋调;嘉靖前期出现了“为初唐者”与“清澹派”,两者的共同点是出于对宗唐复古审美理想的维护,反对宗法杜诗变体;嘉靖后期至隆庆间,崇正诎变的复古思想进一步发展,“后七子派”承续了嘉靖前期诗人的部分理念,在七律上并重初、盛唐十四家,追求高华雄壮的唐音正声。辨体观念与复古诗学的深化、圆融,可以视为明中叶诗学发展的主要脉络。

干旱胁迫对旱地冬小麦产量及其抗旱相关基因表达的影响

为研究陇东旱地育成冬小麦品系的抗旱性与抗旱功能基因的关系,以6个旱地冬小麦新品系为试验材料,于2021—2022年、2022—2023年2个生长季在陇东学院西峰旱作农业试验站设置雨养无灌溉(CK)、旱棚防雨(干旱胁迫)和调控灌溉3个水分处理,测定各品系冬小麦产量,评价其抗旱性,并分析了抗旱相关功能基因的相对表达量。结果表明,在水分胁迫和供水充足(含水量为70%田间持水量)情况下,6个小麦品系产量差值变化不一致,品系C(‘1576-2-0-2’)和品系D(‘15119-1-0-2’)两年试验结果的差值均最小,其余4个品系差值均超过平均差值。由雨养无灌溉试验结果可知,2022年为大旱年份,品系C、D的产量在6个供试品系中分别位居第1和第3,抗旱系数分别为0.89和1.02;2023年为相对丰水年,品系C、D的抗旱系数分别为0.77和1.12,说明这两个品系对气候异常不敏感,抗旱性良好。通过荧光定量PCR技术分析6个小麦品系在灌浆期干旱胁迫下旗叶中的相对表达量,结果显示TaCRT-D基因在6个品系中的表达水平最高,Wdreb2、XTH-7A、WIip19、TaCRT-D在品系C、D中的表达量高于其他品系。田间试验结果与PEG-6000高渗溶液模拟发芽期和苗期干旱胁迫的鉴定结果相一致,表明6个品系中‘1576-2-0-2’和‘15119-1-0-2’品系抗旱性强,且干旱胁迫下灌浆期旗叶中抗旱功能基因TaCRT-D的表达量可以作为冬小麦早期世代抗旱选择参考指标。

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的早期诊断、个体化治疗及随访研究

目的研究儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)的早期诊断、个体化治疗及随访结果。方法选取5~10岁OSAS患儿120例作为观察对象,统计患儿一般资料;结合患儿临床特征,经鼻咽侧位X线摄片、纤维鼻咽镜及多导睡眠监测(polysomnography,PSG)检查,总结其诊断、治疗过程及随访结果。结果OSAS患儿主要临床特征为睡眠打鼾(120例,100.00%)、睡眠憋气(89例,74.17%)、张口呼吸(107例,89.17%)、听力降低(14例,11.67%)、遗尿(10例,8.33%)。120例患儿中87例(72.50%)伴有扁桃体肥大,88例(73.33%)伴有腺样体肥大,15例(12.50%)伴有扁桃体肥大和腺样体肥大。轻度OSAS11例(9.17%),中度OSAS59例(49.17%),重度OSAS50例(41.67%)。针对轻度和中度OSAS患儿(不伴有腺样体和扁桃体肥大),结合家长意愿,16例给予鼻用糖皮质激素和(或)孟鲁司特钠治疗,10例(62.50%)患儿治愈或明显好转;45例接受扁桃体切除,44例(97.78%)患儿治愈或明显好转;42例接受腺样体切除,40例(95.24%)患儿治愈或明显好转;15例接受扁桃体+腺样体切除,14例(93.33%)患儿治愈或明显好转。治疗后3个月、6个月,OSAS患儿阻塞性呼吸暂停指数、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数低于治疗前,最低动脉血氧饱和度高于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论OSAS患儿临床表现明显、伴发疾病较多,可结合鼻咽侧位X线摄片、PSG、纤维鼻咽镜检查综合考虑进行诊断,针对患儿具体病情制定个性化治疗,其中扁桃体、腺样体切除是治疗OSAS的有效治疗手段。

早年贫困经历降低了老年消费福祉吗?

在老年人口规模和比重持续攀升的背景下,发展银发经济既是积极应对人口老龄化的客观要求,也是实施扩大内需战略的重要举措。文章使用CHARLS2014年中国居民生命历程调查和2018年追踪调查数据实证检验早年贫困经历对老年人消费的影响。文章基于生命历程理论,发现早年贫困经历不仅显著降低了老年人的消费水平,还抑制了消费结构升级;该结论经过内生性问题处理后仍然成立。研究基于劣势累积理论发现早年贫困经历对老年人消费会产生三重劣势累积效应,即通过塑造节俭型消费习惯,降低认知能力以及弱化健康水平,使老年人消费降低。由于个体向上社会流动以及积极良性的社会互动可以缓解早年贫困经历的劣势累积过程,文章关注家庭社会资本与互联网应用可能产生的积极影响,发现家庭社会资本会弱化早年贫困经历对老年人消费的不利影响并提升消费;但是受到数字鸿沟的影响,互联网使用没有对老年人消费产生显著的促进效应。此外,异质性分析发现早年不同类型的贫困经历对老年人消费的影响存在显著差异,健康和经济贫困经历对消费的负向影响显著,但是食物贫困经历的影响不明显,这意味着早年的健康贫困经历和经济贫困经历存在显著的劣势累积效应,从而对消费水平产生抑制作用。文章的政策启示是:发展银发经济要充分认识生命历程中早年贫困经历对老年人消费产生的影响,在家庭层面应积极构建社会资本培育体系,扩大家庭的社会网络;在社区层面应开展提升老年人认知能力和数字素养等方面的培训活动,增强消费能力;在政府层面要优化老年健康服务和社会保障政策,削弱储蓄动机;通过家庭、社区、政府共建体系降低早年贫困经历的劣势累积效应。未来公共老龄政策服务体系要以覆盖全人口从童年、成年以及老年整个生命周期的视角切入,兼顾不同生命周期阶段人群的差异性需求,以政策干预的方式打破劣势累积过程,增进老年人福祉。

天然气区域生产中的关联工艺参数协同预测与预警

为提前发现天然气区域生产过程中管线、装置可能发生的超压、泄露等异常工况,现有工业控制报警系统不能准确反映设备真实状态,而采用单参数的预警误判率较高,实用性不足。提出了一种天然气区域生产各上、下游场站关联工艺参数的协同预测与预警方法。针对天然气区域内场站多、生产过程复杂、监测数据多样的特点,首先对每个场站的参数进行降维,提取各场站的关键工艺参数;再对关键参数进行关联度评估及分组,以同组的高关联参数为自变量,建立多元非线性套索回归预测模型;同时,建立关键参数的长短期记忆预测模型;结合两种模型预测结果的对比分析确定动态阈值,对区域生产进行协同预警。通过重庆气矿某井区开展的有效性验证,结果表明该方法不仅能有效减少单值异常出现的预警误判,又可提前定位异常场站和异常点位,具有较高的实用价值。

基于移动最小二乘法的阶跃型滑坡预警曲面模型

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