Early Growth and Development of Boer Goats from Embryo Transplant

[ Objective] To study the growth-development of Boer goats from embryo transplant. [ Method] With Boer goats from embryo transplant as the tested animals and natural breeding Boer goats born in the same period as CK, the weight of Boer goats at birth and at the age of 1,3 and 6 months as well as the body size at the age of 3 and 6 months were investigated in this study, while their health conditions were also observed and recorded. [ Result] Under the normal feeding conditions, Boer goats from embryo transplant developed well at early stage, and their meat-using body type were also obvious. The average birth weight of bucks was （4.25±0.95） kg, and that of does was （3.74±0.10） kg. The average weight of bucks at the age of 6 months was （31.90 ±0.74） kg and that of was （25.90 ±0.67） kg. The daily gains of bucks and ewes from birth to 6 months of age were 153.64 and 123.11 g respectively, while their body length, body height and chest circumference increased obviously, and there was no significant difference in body weight or body size between them and natural breeding goats. [ Condusioa] The study lays a foundation for further studies on the breedinq and utilization of Boer noats from embryo transplant at early staae.

The impacts of timing and insecticides at early stage of late rice on the population development of brown plant hopper(BPH)

Field experiments were carried out in northern Zhejiang Province. Three insecticides (methamidophos,Shachongshuang and triazophos) were used to control the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and rice striped stemborer Chilo suppressalis in rice fields during 18—27 days after transplantating. The impacts of timing and insecticides on the population development of brown planthopper Nilaparavata lugens was surveyed by direct counting on the plants or by tapping method.

Cloning, expression profiling and promoter functional analysis of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

BMP2 plays crucial roles in vertebrate developmental process and acts as a bone inducer during osteogenesis. We present here the molecular cloning of bmp2 cDNA from the marine flatfish Cynoglossus semilaevis, and the analysis of bmp2 expression profiling and promoter function. The full length of bmp2 cDNA sequence is 2 048 bp,which encodes a protein of 422 amino acids. Tissue expression distribution of bmp2 was examined in 14 tissues of mature individuals by quantitative real time PCR（qRT-PCR）. The results revealed that bmp2 was expressed ubiquitously, and the highest expression level was detected in the spinal cord. Moreover, bmp2 expression levels were detected at 15 sampling time points of early developmental stages（egg, larva, juvenile and fingerling stages）.The highest expression level of bmp2 was observed at the gastrula stage, which was about ten times higher than those at the other three embryo stages. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the bmp2 signal was strongly detected at the location of the crown-like larval fin, heart and liver, and slightly expressed in the notochord at one day post hatch（dph）; then the expression of bmp2 started to be concentrated in notochord at three dph. Subsequently, we characterized the 5′-flanking region of bmp2 by testing the promoter activity by Luciferase reporter assays. Positive regulatory region was detected at the location of –179 to ＋109. The predicted transcription factor binding sites（E-box binding factors, zinc finger transcription factor, etc.） in this region might participate in the transcriptional regulation of the bmp2 gene.

Identification and Characterization of Gene SpDMRT99B and Its Sex-Biased Expression Profile in the Mud Crab,Scylla paramamosain

The doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor(DMRT)gene family is conserved from invertebrates to humans.The functions of DMRT are mainly involved in sex development and the formation of many tissues and organs.In this study,a DM(Doublesex/Mab-3-domain gene was identified in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain,and was named SpDMRT99B because of its many similarities to arthropod DMRT99B and phylogenetically close relationship with arthropod DMRT99B.The cDNA of SpDMRT99B gene is 1249 bp in length,encoding 224 amino acids.From 254 bp to 928 bp there is a conserved DM domain.No transmembrane domain was identified.Through multiple amino acid alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis,the closest gene to SpDMRT99B is Eriocheir sinensis DMRT99B,followed by Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Drosophila melanogaster DMRT99B.The expressions of the gene were characterized in different tissues of female and male crabs during early development period of crab individuals,as well as in different development periods of gonads.The results showed that SpDMRT99B gene is significantly highly expressed in testis than in ovary and other tissues.The expression level of SpDMRT99B in testis at different stages is significantly higher than that in ovary,and it is particularly highly expressed in immature testis.In early developmental stages of larvae,the expressions of SpDMRT99B remain at a low level and reach a peak at zoea stage I when the body segments shape up.It is speculated that SpDMRT99B gene might be involved in the gonadal development process and somitogenesis of S.paramamosain.