基于RF-RNN模型的DNS隐蔽信道检测方法

为提高检测隐蔽信道的灵敏度,提出一种基于随机森林(Random Forest,RF)和循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network,RNN)的域名系统(Domain Name System,DNS)隐蔽信道检测方法。该方法采用域名检测作为主要手段,使用RF模型对域名进行分类,通过深度学习方法挖掘更高阶的特征表示。实验结果表明,与单一模型相比,该方法在检测准确性和健壮性方面均取得了显著提升。

DNS信道传输加密技术:现状、趋势和挑战

DNS作为重要的互联网基础设施,其明文传输的特点带来很多隐私安全风险.DoH、DoT、DoQ等DNS信道传输加密技术致力于防止DNS数据被泄露或篡改,并保证DNS消息来源的可靠性.首先从DNS消息格式、数据存储和管理、系统架构和部署等6个方面分析明文DNS存在的隐私安全问题,并对已有的相关技术和协议进行总结.其次分析DNS信道传输加密技术的实现原理及应用现状,进而基于多角度评测指标对各加密协议在不同网络条件下的性能表现进行讨论.同时通过填充机制的局限性、加密流量识别和基于指纹的加密活动分析等方向探讨DNS信道传输加密技术的隐私保护效果.此外从部署规范、恶意流量对加密技术的利用和攻击、隐私和网络安全管理之间的矛盾,以及加密后影响隐私安全的其他因素等方面总结DNS信道传输加密技术存在的问题、挑战和相关解决方案.最后总结加密DNS服务的发现、递归解析器到权威服务器之间的加密、服务器端的隐私保护、基于HTTP/3的DNS等后续需要着重关注的研究方向.

DNS核心稳定训练结合局部针刺运动对脑卒中后偏瘫患者步行及姿势控制能力的影响

目的:探讨动态神经肌肉稳定技术(Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization,DNS)下的核心稳定训练结合局部针刺运动方案对脑卒中后偏瘫患者步行及姿势控制能力的影响。方法:选取2022年3月~2022年9月在郴州市第一人民医院就诊的脑卒中患者90例,按随机数字表分为对照组(n=45)和观察组(n=45),对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上增加DNS核心稳定训练结合局部针刺运动疗法。治疗8周后,对比并分析治疗前后两组患者步态时空参数中步长、步速、步频参数;步态时相参数中双支撑相占步态周期百分比、患侧单支撑相占步态周期百分比、步行周期参数;脑卒中患者姿势控制量表(Posture assessment of stoke scale,PASS)量表、Tinnetti(Performance-Oriented Assessment of Mobility)量表及Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能(FMA-LE)量表评分数据。结果:治疗后,两组步长、步速、步频参数、双支撑相占步态周期百分比、患侧单支撑相占步态周期百分比、Tinnetti评分、PASS评分及FMA评分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),步行周期显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后步长、步速、步频参数、双支撑相占步态周期百分比、患侧单支撑相占步态周期百分比、PASS评分、Tinnetti评分及FMALE评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),步行周期则低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:DNS核心稳定训练结合局部针刺运动可提高脑卒中后偏瘫患者核心稳定及姿势控制能力,改善步行功能。

Polyneuropathy organomegaly endocrinopathy M-protein and skin changes syndrome with ascites as an early-stage manifestation:A case report

BACKGROUND Polyneuropathy organomegaly endocrinopathy M-protein and skin changes(POEMS)syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by a potential plasma cell tumor.The clinical manifestations of POEMS syndrome are diverse.Due to the insidious onset and lack of specific early-stage manifestations,POEMS syndrome is easily misdiagnosed or never diagnosed,leading to delayed treatment.Neurological symptoms are usually the first clinical manifestation,while ascites is a rare symptom in patients with POEMS syndrome.CASE SUMMARY A female patient presented with unexplained ascites as an initial symptom,which is a rare early-stage manifestation of the condition.After 1 year,the patient gradually developed progressive renal impairment,anemia,polyserosal effusion,edema,swollen lymph nodes on the neck,armpits,and groin,and decreased muscle strength of the lower extremities.The patient was eventually diagnosed with POEMS syndrome after multidisciplinary team discussion.Treatment comprised bortezomib+dexamethasone,continuous renal replacement therapy,chest and abdominal closed drainage,transfusions of erythrocytes and platelets,and other symptomatic and supportive treatments.The patient’s condition initially improved after treatment.However,then her symptoms worsened,and she succumbed to the illness and died.CONCLUSION Ascites is a potential early manifestation of POEMS syndrome,and this diagnosis should be considered for patients with unexplained ascites.Furthermore,multidisciplinary team discussion is helpful in diagnosing POEMS syndrome.

Provision of Fertility Preservation for Young Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, constituting 25% of all cancer diagnoses. Even though it is only affecting 4% - 6% of women under the age of 40, it remains the most common malignancy among younger patients. Advancement in the treatment and earlier detection gives excellent 5 years of survival. However, the standard treatment that comprises surgical-chemo radiation therapy or hormonal treatment often results in an increased incidence of treatment-induced infertility. Therefore, adding fertility preservation to primary cancer treatment may offer the best opportunity for future fertility. However, despite advancements in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), the uptake of fertility services in this group remains low. In this review, we highlighted the effect of all breast cancer treatments on women’s fertility, the effectiveness and safety of ART in breast cancer patients as well as the safety of pregnancy in breast cancer survivors. Our aim is to improve awareness of fertility preservation for breast cancer to ensure all women diagnosed with breast cancer have multidisciplinary approaches with early referral to fertility specialists to discuss regarding potential risks and benefits of fertility preservation to improve the uptake of fertility preservation among this group of patients.

Effects of Early-stage Phased Rehabilitation Training on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

[Objectives]To systematically evaluate the effects of early-stage phased rehabilitation training on the oxygenation index,ICU length of stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and occurrence of complications(ventilator-associated pneumonia,pressure ulcers,delirium)in ARDS patients,thus contributing evidence for the clinical application of early-stage phased rehabilitation training.[Methods]The China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,and other databases were searched.Literature screening,data extraction,and systematic analysis of the included studies were performed using Revman software.[Results]Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving a total of 860 patients were included in this review.The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared to the traditional rehabilitation training group,the early-stage phased rehabilitation training group demonstrated a significant increase in the oxygenation index of ARDS patients[SMD=1.18,95%CI(1.01,1.35),P<0.01],with statistically significant differences.Furthermore,there were significant reductions in ICU length of stay[SMD=-0.70,95%CI(-0.90,-0.50),P<0.01],duration of mechanical ventilation[SMD=-1.15,95%CI(-1.36,-0.94),P<0.01],and occurrence of complications[OR=0.16,95%CI(0.10,0.26),P<0.01],all of which were statistically significant.[Conclusions]Early-stage phased pulmonary rehabilitation training for ARDS patients effectively improves the oxygenation index,shortens ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation,and reduces complications.These findings support the clinical application and promotion of early-stage phased rehabilitation training.

基于大数据赋能的PCDN业务识别技术研发

随着宽带中国、三千兆改造、提速降费等战略部署,河南联通家宽用户上行带宽不断提高,部分投机商户利用业务漏洞采用汇聚捆绑等技术手段,通过路由器、智能网络盒子等带有PCDN功能的设备,为抖音、哔哩哔哩、京东等厂家提供边缘计算加速服务,赚取带宽租赁的收益。文章基于大数据赋能实现PCDN业务识别技术研发,实现对大规模汇聚捆绑带宽干扰网络良性发展行为的管控。

基于无监督学习的DNS隧道检测

文章利用局域网中DNS服务器的历史流量数据通过无监督训练生成DNS隧道检测模型,计算待检测流量数据所对应的特征向量与DNS隧道检测模型提供的正常流量矩阵之间的马氏距离,并基于马氏距离来进行DNS隧道异常识别。根据局域网中内部DNS服务器的历史流量数据进行DNS隧道检测模型的训练,从而使得训练后的DNS隧道检测模型适应于不同的网络环境,提高了对DNS隧道异常的识别精度,保证了DNS隧道检测的准确性。

Detection of the <i>PIK3CA</i>Mutation in Circulating Tumor DNA as a Possible Predictive Indicator for Poor Prognosis of Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Objectives: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is shown to provide the real-time genomic information of metastatic breast cancer. This study elucidates the clinico-pathological significance of ctDNA in early-stage breast cancer using the PIK3CA mutation as an indicator. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven primary breast cancers without metastasis were surgically resected and pathologically diagnosed at the University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan. Genomic DNA of primary tumor was extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. ctDNA was extracted from fresh-frozen plasma from patients. The PIK3CA mutations at E542K, E545K and H1047R were examined by Sanger sequencing or droplet digital PCR in 27 tumors and pre- and post-surgery plasma. Results: The PIK3CA mutations were detected in 13 (48%) of 27 primary tumors. These mutations did not significantly correlate with specific clinico-pathological characteristics of tumors. When ctDNA was examined, 4 (33%) of 12 cases carrying the mutated PIK3CA showed the identical mutation in pre-surgery plasma and 2 (50%) of them showed the identical mutations in post-surgery plasma. Interestingly, in these 2 cases in pathological stages IIIA and IA, fractional abundance of the mutated PIK3CA alleles to the total alleles in pre-surgery ctDNA was around 1% or more and was higher than that of the other two cases without PIK3CA mutations in post-surgery ctDNA. Conclusions: The PIK3CA mutation in ctDNA is detectable even in a subset of early-stage breast cancer. Furthermore, fractional abundance of the mutated PIK3CA in pre-surgery ctDNA could provide a possible predictive indicator for tumor burden and for choosing the appropriate adjuvant treatment of breast cancer.

香蕉皮防治2型DN作用机制的网络药理学研究

目的:为了系统全面地阐明羽扇豆酮原料药材香蕉皮防治2型DN的潜在分子机制。方法:通过中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台、Pubmed等文献数据检索香蕉皮的化学成分,根据文献对活性成分防治DN的报道,同时在TCMSP数据库中以口服生物利用度(OB ≥ 30%)和类药性分析(DL ≥ 0.18)参数,筛选香蕉皮的活性成分。从TCMSP、Swiss Target Prediction、PhamMapper数据库中获取活性成分的蛋白靶点,在OMIM、GeneCards数据库检索2型DN相关靶点,通过UniProt数据库将活性成分和疾病靶点转换为基因名称。取活性成分和疾病的交集靶点,利用STRING数据库建立蛋白互作网络(PPI)。在Cytoscape软件中对PPI网络进行分析,根据网络拓扑参数筛选出关键靶点,进行可视化,并建立“成分–靶点–疾病”网络。同时将关键靶点导入到Metascape数据库进行GO及KEGG富集分析,获取香蕉皮防治2型DN的生物过程及信号通路。最后,从PDB数据库获取靶点蛋白晶体结构,利用AutoDock软件对活性成分及靶点蛋白进行分子对接模拟验证,并将结果可视化。结果:通过OB、DL筛选及文献对化学成分防治2型DN的报道,获得9个活性成分分别为槲皮素、儿茶素、β-胡萝卜素、新叶黄素、羽扇豆酮、阿魏酸、芦丁、没食子酸、柚皮苷;并筛选得到共计960个活性成分靶点和1078个疾病靶点,通过取两者的交集共得到179个香蕉皮防治2型DN的潜在作用靶点,绘制得到蛋白互作网络图。在Cytoscape软件中根据网络拓扑参数进一步筛选出INS、ALB、AKT1、IL6、TNF、VEGFA、TP53、EGFR、CASP3、MAPK8、CXCL8、MAPK1等28个关键靶点。GO功能富集分析得到氧化应激、细胞对氧化应激的反应、DNA结合转录因子活性的正调控、细胞对活性氧的反应、细胞对脂多糖的反应等1178个条目,涉及生物过程1102条,细胞组成34条,分子功能45条。KEGG信号通路富集得到AGE-RAGE信号通路、IL-17信号通路、TNF-信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路、FoxO信号通路、MAPK信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、催乳素信号通路等130条信号通路。分子对接结果显示,除化合物芦丁、柚皮苷与靶蛋白ALB结合活性较差外,网络药理学所预测的其他活性成分与关键靶点INS、ALB、AKT1均具有较好的结合活性。结论:运用网络药理学方法初步揭示了香蕉皮防治2型DN的活性成分除羽扇豆酮外,还有多种活性成分在共同发挥作用,表明香蕉皮多成分、多靶点、多途径防治2型DN的整体调节作用特点,为香蕉皮活性成分与实验研究提供科学依据。

个案指导下多元化护理对DN血液净化患者自护能力、并发症的影响

研究和分析个案指导下多元化护理对糖尿病肾病(DN)血液净化患者自护能力、并发症的影响。方法 选择80例DN血液净化例患者作为研究对象,均于2022年1月—2023年6月在我院接受治疗,根据单双数法进行分组,单数分到观察组(n=80例),双数分到对照组(n=80例)。对照组行常规护理,观察组行个案指导下多元化护理。结果 经护理,观察组HAMA、HAMD评分显著降低、各维度ESCA评分显著升高(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率更低(P<0.05)。结论 对DN血液净化患者行个案指导下多元化护理,可促进患者情绪稳定,提高自护能力,并减少并发症的发生。

基于PKI的DNS安全防护研究

DNSSEC协议逐层数字签名的分层结构牵涉到复杂的多次手工滚动交换密钥,造成其在互联网上的实际部署率很低。基于PKI的DNS安全防护方案,开发了一个验证程序,基于私有云搭建测试环境进行仿真测试,针对DNS记录的数据响应延迟和存储消耗两个指标与DNSSEC方案进行比较,结果表明,采用CA证书的DNS防护方案能有效减少各层权威DNS服务器的存储开销并降低DNS解析响应延迟。

基于Promethus的分布式DNS性能测试和监测系统研究

域名解析服务是互联网访问和流量调度入口,因此域名系统(Domain Name System,DNS)性能直接影响用户访问体验。基于Promethus时序数据库,设计实现一种分布式域名系统响应性能自动化测试监测系统,使用该系统,不仅可对自研DNS系统进行多节点分布式DNS性能测试,而且可以时序化方式长时监测运行,并以可视化方式实时监测DNS服务性能。

Differential gene expression profiling of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage adenocarcinoma

AIM:To investigate the differentiated whole genome expression profiling of gastric high-and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage adenocarcinoma.METHODS:Gastric specimens from an upper magnifying chromoendoscopic targeted biopsy were collected from March 2010 to May 2013.Whole genome expression profiling was performed on 19 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN),20 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN),19 early-stage adenocarcinoma(EGC),and 19 chronic gastritis tissue samples using Agilent 4×44K Whole Human Genome microarrays.Differentially expressed genes between different types of lesions were identified using an unpaired t-test and corrected with the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate algorithm.A gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis was performed using the Gene Spring software GX 12.6.The differentially expressed gene was verified using a real-time TaqManPCR assay with independent tissue samples,including 26 LGIN,15 HGIN,14 EGC,and 20 chronic gastritis.The expression of G0S2 were further validated by immunohistochemical staining(IHC)in 24 LGIN,40 HGIN,30 EGC and 61 chronic gastritis specimens.RESULTS:The gene expression patterns of LGIN and HGIN tissues were distinct.There were 2521 significantly differentially expressed transcripts in HGIN,with951 upregulated and 1570 downregulated.A GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the most striking overexpressed transcripts in HGIN compared with LGIN were in the category of metabolism,defense response,and nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)cascade.While the vast majority of transcripts had barely altered expression in HGIN and EGC tissues,only 38 transcripts were upregulated in EGC.A GO enrichment analysis revealed that the alterations of the immune response were most prominent in the progression from HGIN to EGC.It is worth noting that,compared with LGIN,289 transcriptswere expressed at higher levels both in HGIN and EGC.A characteristic gene,G0/G1 switch 2(G0S2)was one of the 289 transcripts and related to metabolism,the immune response,and the NF-κB cascade,and its expression was validated in independent samples through real-time TaqManPCR and immunohistochemical staining.In real-time PCR analysis,the expression of G0S2 was elevated both in HGIN and EGC compared with that in LGIN(P<0.01 and P<0.001,respectively).In IHC analysis,G0S2 immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasmic of neoplastic cells,but was undetectable in chronic gastritis cells.The G0S2 expression in HGIN was higher than that of LGIN(P=0.012,χ2=6.28)and EGC(P=0.008,χ2=6.94).CONCLUSION:A clear biological distinction between gastric high-and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was identified,and provides molecular evidence for clinical application.

Prediction of lymph node metastasis and sentinel node navigation surgery for patients with early-stage gastric cancer

Accurate prediction of lymph node(LN) status is crucially important for appropriate treatment planning in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC). However,consensus on patient and tumor characteristics associated with LN metastasis are yet to be reached. Through systematic search,we identified several independent variables associated with LN metastasis in EGC,which should be included in future research to assess which of these variables remain as significant predictors of LN metastasis. On the other hand,even if we use these promising parameters,we should realize the limitation and the difficulty of predicting LN metastasis accurately. The sentinel LN(SLN) is defined as first possible site to receive cancer cells along the route of lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor. The absence of metastasis in SLN is believed to correlate with the absence of metastasis in downstream LNs. In this review,we have attempted to focus on several independent parameters which have close relationship between tumor and LN metastasis in EGC. In addition,we evaluated the history of sentinel node navigation surgery and the usefulness for EGC.

Treatment patterns for adjuvant docetaxel-based chemotherapy in early-stage breast cancer in China：A pooled retrospective analysis of four observational studies

Objective：Adjuvant docetaxel-based chemotherapy is frequently used for operable early breast cancer（EBC）.This study investigated patterns of use of docetaxel（T）in real-life clinical practice in China.Methods：This was a retrospective pooled analysis of the Asia-Pacific Breast Initiatives（APBI）Ⅰ（2006–2008）and Ⅱ（2009–2011）registries,and two Chinese observational studies;BC STATE（2011–2014）and BC Local Registry（2007–2010）.Female Chinese adults（≥18 years）with operable breast cancer treated with docetaxel-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the analysis.Patients with metastatic disease were excluded.The primary endpoint was assessment of treatment patterns and patient profiles.A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with choice of adjuvant chemotherapy regimen.Results：Data from 3,020 patients were included.The most frequently used adjuvant regimen was docetaxel/anthracycline combination[n=1,421（47.1%）;of whom 52.0%received T/epirubicin（E）/cyclophosphamide（C）],followed by docetaxel/other[n=705（23.3%）;of whom 72.8%received TC],docetaxel/anthracycline sequential[n=447（14.8%）;of whom 40.9%and 39.6%received 5-Fu/EC-T and EC-T,respectively],and＂other＂[n=447（14.8%）;of whom 91.5%received T].A significant association was found between adjuvant therapy with docetaxel/anthracycline combination and patient weight,menopausal status and estrogen receptor status.Conclusions：Real-world data revealed that docetaxel/anthracycline combination is the most commonly used category of docetaxel-based adjuvant therapy for patients with operable breast cancer in China;of which TEC is the most frequently used regimen.

构建立体化DNS安全防护体系

2023年6月~7月,教育网运行正常,未发现影响严重的安全事件。在安全投诉事件方面,近期收到多起针对递归DNS查询服务器的拒绝服务攻击投诉。攻击者伪造大量递归查询请求,并把查询数据包里的源发IP伪造成递归查询服务器同子网内的IP。由于这些伪造的IP请求与递归查询服务器在同一广播域,递归查询服务器在返回查询结果时需要使用ARP协议确认子网IP对应的端口信息。但因为IP是伪造的,这些ARP查询请求得不到回应,进而大大增加递归查询服务器的系统负担,造成拒绝服务攻击。

Clinicopathological analysis of early-stage breast cancer patients that meet indications for BRCA 1/2 genetic testing

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of early-stage breast cancer patients with indications for breast cancer susceptibility genes 1/2(BRCA1/2)genetic testing in China.Methods:Based on the indication criteria for BRCA genetic testing specified in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)clinical practice guidelines in oncology,genetic/familial high-risk assessment:Breast and ovarian(Version 2.2019),a retrospective analysis was performed on patients with early-stage invasive breast cancer treated at Breast Disease Center,Peking University First Hospital between January 2008 and December 2016.Clinicopathological characteristics of all patients were analyzed,and prognoses were calculated using the KaplanMeier method and a Cox proportionate hazards model.Results:A total of 906 early-stage breast cancer patients who had indications for BRCA genetic testing and had complete clinicopathological data and follow-up information were included in the study group,accounting for34.7%of all breast cancer patients treated in Breast Disease Center,Peking University First Hospital during the study period.Compared with breast cancer patients without indications for BRCA genetic testing,the overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)of patients with indications were not significantly different.In the study group,patients with premenopausal status,high T stage,lymph node positive,estrogen receptor(ER)negative,Ki-67>20%and presence of a vascular tumor thrombus had worse prognosis.There were more family histories of gastrointestinal cancer in patients with related indications than in patients without such indications.Conclusions:Single-center data showed that more than 30%of patients with early-stage breast cancer had indications for BRCA genetic testing.There was no prognostic difference in patients with or without indications for BRCA genetic testing.Premenopausal status,high T stage,lymph node positive,ER negative,Ki-67>20%,and presence of a vascular tumor thrombus were associated with poor prognosis.

基于DNS流量分析识别加密货币矿工的研究和实现

随着加密货币的兴起,恶意挖矿在全球肆虐,成为国家整治的重点,而挖矿木马不断进化,以各种方式规避当前主流的挖矿监测手段。为解决这一问题,提出一种AI算法,基于运营商DNS流量、AAA日志和挖矿威胁情报数据,自动识别挖矿行为和矿工。通过模型训练和结果分析,选择使用GMM和Bisecting Kmeans混合模型对DNS查询和响应中的模式进行识别,实时准确地检测矿工及其行为规律。

DN-YOLOv5的金属双极板表面缺陷检测算法

为解决氢燃料电池中金属双极板表面缺陷尺寸小,缺陷对比不明显、种类多造成的难以检测,易误检漏检以及缺陷检测模型复杂度太大难以部署等问题,提出一种改进版的金属双极板缺陷检测算法DN-YOLOv5,来探究缺陷检测在冲压成形的金属双极板视觉检测工作台场景下进行快速精准检测的可行性,从而实现智能检测,提升检测效率。本研究着重于修改YOLOv5主干网络Backbone部分,添加网络中模块数量,加入NAM注意力机制和使用深度可分离卷积模块来替代原来CSP/CBS主干网络卷积模块,并引入SIoU对损失函数重新进行了定义,极大的提升了主干网络的轻量化程度。结果表明,本算法的map@0.5可达0.988,每秒检测传输帧率为9.98,模型参数量降低了52.13%,在测试集75张缺陷图像中真检率达到了99.74%。该方法在保证模型较高检测率的同时,显著降低了模型复杂度和参数计算量。此外,该算法结合新的检测尺度设计特征融合网络,提升网络的小目标、多目标检测能力。该算法具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性,综合性能较好,满足部署移动端场景进行缺陷检测的轻量化需求。