Surgical intervention combined with weight-bearing walking training promotes recovery in patients with chronic spinal cord injury:a randomized controlled study

For patients with chronic spinal cord injury,the co nventional treatment is rehabilitation and treatment of spinal cord injury complications such as urinary tract infection,pressure sores,osteoporosis,and deep vein thrombosis.Surgery is rarely perfo rmed on spinal co rd injury in the chronic phase,and few treatments have been proven effective in chronic spinal cord injury patients.Development of effective therapies fo r chronic spinal co rd injury patients is needed.We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal co rd injury to compare intensive rehabilitation(weight-bearing walking training)alone with surgical intervention plus intensive rehabilitation.This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT02663310).The goal of surgical intervention was spinal cord detethering,restoration of cerebrospinal fluid flow,and elimination of residual spinal cord compression.We found that surgical intervention plus weight-bearing walking training was associated with a higher incidence of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement,reduced spasticity,and more rapid bowel and bladder functional recovery than weight-bearing walking training alone.Overall,the surgical procedures and intensive rehabilitation were safe.American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement was more common in T7-T11 injuries than in T2-T6 injuries.Surgery combined with rehabilitation appears to have a role in treatment of chronic spinal cord injury patients.

Application value research of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke

BACKGROUND Stroke is a common disabling disease,whether it is ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke,both can result in neuronal damage,leading to various manifestations of neurological dysfunction.AIM To explore of the application value of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke.METHODS This study selected 86 patients with swallowing disorders after stroke admitted to our rehabilitation department from February 2022 to December 2023 as research subjects.They were divided into a control group(n=43)and an observation group(n=43)according to the treatment.The control group received swallowing rehabilitation training,while the observation group received swallowing treatment device in addition to the training.Both groups underwent continuous intervention for two courses of treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate in the observation group(93.02%)was higher than that in the control group(76.74%)(P=0.035).After intervention,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,pharyngeal transit time,and laryngeal closure time decreased in both groups compared to before intervention.In the observation group,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,and pharyngeal transit time were shorter than those in the control group after intervention.However,the laryngeal closure time after intervention in the observation group was compared with that in the control group(P=0.142).After intervention,average amplitude value and duration of the genioglossus muscle group during empty swallowing and swallowing 5 mL of water are reduced compared to before intervention in both groups.After intervention,the scores of the chin-tuck swallowing exercise and the Standardized Swallowing Assessment are both reduced compared to pre-intervention levels in both groups.However,the observation group scores lower than the control group after intervention.Additionally,the Functional Oral Intake Scale scores of both groups are increased after intervention compared to pre-intervention levels,with the observation group scoring higher than the control group after intervention(P<0.001).The cumulative incidence of complications in the observation group is 9.30%,which is lower than the 27.91%in the control group(P=0.027).CONCLUSION The combination of swallowing therapy equipment with swallowing rehabilitation training can improve the muscle movement level of the genioglossus muscle group,enhance swallowing function,and prevent the occurrence of swallowing-related complications after stroke.

Intervention Effect of Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot with Task-Oriented Training on Stroke Patients and Its Influence on KFAROM Score

Objective: To explore the effect of lower limb rehabilitation robot combined with task-oriented training on stroke patients and its influence on KFAROM score. Methods: 100 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were randomly divided into two groups, the control group (50 cases) was given task-oriented training assisted by nurses, and the observation group (50 cases) was given lower limb rehabilitation robot with task-oriented training. Lower limb balance, lower limb muscle strength, motor function, ankle function, knee flexion range of motion and walking ability were observed. Results: After treatment, the scores of BBS, quadriceps femoris and hamstrings in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of stroke patients, the combination of task-oriented training and lower limb rehabilitation robot can effectively improve the lower limb muscle strength, facilitate the recovery of balance function, and have a significant effect on the recovery of motor function, which can improve the walking ability of stroke patients and the range of motion of knee flexion, and achieve more ideal therapeutic effectiveness.

Impact of task-oriented training based on acupuncture rehabilitation on upper extremity function and quality of life of patients with early stroke

BACKGROUND Eighty percent of stroke patients develop upper limb dysfunction,especially hand dysfunction,which has a very slow recovery,resulting in economic burden to families and society.AIM To investigate the impact of task-oriented training based on acupuncture therapy on upper extremity function in patients with early stroke.METHODS Patients with early stroke hemiplegia who visited our hospital between January 2021 and October 2022 were divided into a control group and an observation group,each with 50 cases.The control group underwent head acupuncture plus routine upper limb rehabilitation training(acupuncture therapy).In addition to acupuncture and rehabilitation,the observation group underwent upper limb task-oriented training(30 min).Each group underwent treatment 5 d/wk for 4 wk.Upper extremity function was assessed in both groups using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity(FMA-UE),Wolf Motor Function Rating Scale(WMFT),modified Barthel Index(MBI),and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM).Quality of life was evaluated using the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey(SF-36).Clinical efficacy of the interventions was also evaluated.RESULTS Before intervention,no significant differences were observed in the FMA-UE,MBI,and WMFT scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After intervention,the FMA-UE,WMFT,MBI,COPM-Functional Mobility and Satisfaction,and SF-36 scores increased in both groups(P<0.05),with even higher scores in the observation group(P<0.05).The observation group also obtained a higher total effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Task-oriented training based on acupuncture rehabilitation significantly enhanced upper extremity mobility,quality of life,and clinical efficacy in patients with early stroke.

Research and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Training Programs

In today’s society, the incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases is increasing annually, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing a scientific and effective rehabilitation training program is of great significance. This study first analyzes the theoretical basis of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, including the effects of aerobic exercise, interval training, and strength training on cardiopulmonary function. Based on this, a comprehensive rehabilitation training program is designed, which includes personalized training plans, comprehensive interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and regular follow-up visits. The cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training plan developed in this study has certain scientific practicability, which provides a theoretical basis for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, and also provides a reference for medical institutions, rehabilitation centers and communities, which is helpful for promotion and application to a wider range of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.

Effects of respiratory muscle training on post-stroke rehabilitation:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Stroke often results in significant respiratory dysfunction in patients.Respiratory muscle training(RMT)has been proposed as a rehabilitative intervention to address these challenges,but its effectiveness compared to routine training remains debated.This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of RMT on exercise tolerance,muscle strength,and pulmonary function in post-stroke patients.AIM To systematically assess the efficacy of RMT in improving exercise tolerance,respiratory muscle strength,and pulmonary function in patients recovering from a stroke,and to evaluate whether RMT offers a significant advantage over routine training modalities in enhancing these critical health outcomes in the post-stroke population.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive search across PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library was conducted on October 19,2023,without temporal restrictions.Studies were selected based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on various forms of RMT,control groups,and outcome measures[including forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),maximal voluntary ventilation(MVV),peak expiratory flow(PEF),maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP),maximal expiratory pressure(MEP),and 6-min walking test(6MWT)].Only randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included.Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool.Statistical analyses,including those using the fixed-effect and random-effects models,sensitivity analysis,and publication bias assessment,were performed using Review Manager software.RESULTS A total of 15 RCTs were included.Results indicated significant improvements in MIP(12.51 cmH2O increase),MEP(6.24 cmH2O increase),and various pulmonary function parameters(including FEV1,FVC,MVV,and PEF).A substantial increase in 6MWT distance(22.26 meters)was also noted.However,the heterogeneity among studies was variable,and no significant publication bias was detected.CONCLUSION RMT significantly enhances walking ability,respiratory muscle strength(MIP and MEP),and key pulmonary function parameters(FEV1,FVC,MVV,and PEF)in post-stroke patients.These findings support the incorporation of RMT into post-stroke rehabilitative protocols.

Effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following cardiac stent implantation

BACKGROUND Coronary stent implantation is usually used to treat unstable angina to alleviate stenosis or occlusion,promoting blood flow restoration and alleviating symptoms such as myocardial ischemia.And postoperative cardiac rehabilitation is essential for enhancing recovery and prognosis.Nevertheless,conventional rehabilitation lacks specificity,particularly for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities and poor compliance,rendering it less effective.AIM To investigate the effects of systematic cardiac rehabilitation training in elderly patients with unstable angina following coronary stenting intervention.METHODS A retrospective enrollment was conducted comprising fifty-four elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris who underwent systematic cardiac rehabilitation training after receiving coronary intervention as the rehabilitation group,while fifty-three elderly patients who received basic nursing and rehabilitation guidance measures after coronary intervention were assigned to the control group.Differences in Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores,survival quality(SF-36)scores,cardiopulmonary exercise function assessment index,echocardiographic cardiac function index,and adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After intervention,the rehabilitation group observed greater VO2 Max,maximum metabolic equivalent,eft ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and smaller left ventricular end-systolic diameter.And the rehabilitation group observed greater scores of physical activity limitation,stable angina pectoris,treatment satisfaction,and SF-36 score.The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the two groups,showed no significant difference.CONCLUSION Systematic cardiac rehabilitation following coronary stenting in elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris can enhance cardiac function recovery,consequently enhancing both quality of life and cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.

Effect of Mouth Opening Training Stick Combined with Oral Massage on Mouth Opening Difficulty in Head and Neck Cancer Patients after Treatment

Objective: To study the application effect of mouth-opening training sticks combined with oral massage on patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Using convenient sampling, 60 patients with mouth-opening difficulty after treatment for head and neck cancer admitted to the Oncology Department from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected for a 2-week exercise and nursing program. The patients were divided into a control group (February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022) and an observation group (December 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023), with 30 patients in each group. The control group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with cork for oral support training, while the observation group underwent routine mouth-opening functional exercises combined with oral massage and mouth-opening training sticks for oral support training. The mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, comfort level, compliance, and quality of life were observed in both groups. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in mouth-opening degree and mouth-opening difficulty level between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mouth-opening degree, mouth-opening difficulty level, oral comfort level, compliance, and QLICP-HN scores in the observation group were all better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of mouth-opening training sticks and oral massage with mouth-opening functional exercises can effectively improve the degree of mouth-opening difficulty, enhance oral comfort, increase compliance with mouth-opening exercises, and improve quality of life.

Undergraduate Experimental Teaching Platform for Intelligent Limb Rehabilitation Training Based on "Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Crossing"

In view of the key role of undergraduate experimental teaching reform in cultivating high-quality talents with both innovative spirit and practical ability,this paper deeply discusses multi-dimensional reform strategies.Specifically,the teaching mode of"double teachers for every student"is innovatively introduced,and scientific research projects are deeply integrated into undergraduate experimental teaching,aiming at realizing the modern development of teaching content and the diversified expansion of teaching methods.By designing and applying the undergraduate experimental teaching platform for intelligent limb rehabilitation training based on the concept of"medical-engineering interdisciplinary crossing",it not only builds a bridge for students to contact cutting-edge scientific research and strengthen practical skills,but also provides valuable ideas and practical models for the innovation of undergraduate experimental teaching.In the future,with the continuous optimization and upgrading of platform functions,it is expected to provide students with a richer and richer learning experience and comprehensively promote students'overall quality.

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Training in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Effects on Functionality, Strength, and Balance

Research Background: Stroke rehabilitation is essential for improving patient outcomes, with a focus on restoring functionality, strength, and mobility. Aerobic (TAE) and anaerobic (TAN) training have demonstrated varying impacts on post-stroke recovery. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of TAE and TAN on post-stroke rehabilitation outcomes, including functionality, walking improvement, strength, balance, and cardiorespiratory capacity. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed and PEDro databases, covering studies from January 2014 to May 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of TAE and TAN on the specified outcomes were included. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and independent reviewers extracted relevant data on participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale, and the risk of bias was analyzed. Results: Data synthesis revealed that TAN was more effective in improving performance in the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), while TAE demonstrated superior results in the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index (Barthel ADL). Both training modalities showed significant improvements in the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) for cardiorespiratory capacity, with TAN exhibiting a slightly higher mean difference. Surprisingly, strength gains, assessed by Maximal Isometric Strength (MaxIS), were higher in the TAE group. Conclusions: Both TAE and TAN contribute to post-stroke recovery, with TAN excelling in walking and balance improvements, and TAE showing advantages in functional mobility and strength. The findings support personalized rehabilitation strategies that incorporate both aerobic and anaerobic training to optimize patient outcomes.

Isolated Lumbar Extension Resistance Training Is Effective at Improving Extension Power and Disability in Subjects with Diagnosed Lumbar Multifidus Dysfunction

Background: Lumbar multifidus dysfunction is a prevalent cause of disability in individuals with lower back pain. Previous research highlights the benefits of isolated lumbar extension training for non-specific lower back pain, however, studies examining its efficacy in lumbar multifidus dysfunction are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of isolated lumbar extension resistance training on disability and strength in individuals with lumbar multifidus dysfunction. Methods: Subjects underwent a physiotherapy led structured rehabilitation program incorporating isolated lumbar extension. Sessions were conducted twice weekly targeting momentary muscular failure with time under load 90 - 120 seconds and progressions aimed at 5 - 10 lbs increments. Outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and lumbar extension strength testing at baseline and after 12 weeks, with statistical analysis using t-test and chi-squared 2 × 2. Results: Forty-five subjects (24 male, 21 female) with a median age of 48 completed the intervention. Improvements were noted in Oswestry Disability Index scores (median pre: 24, post: 15) and maximal lumbar extension strength (median pre: 122 lb, post: 186 lb), with p ≤ 0.05. Overall, 89% showed improvement in disability scores, 67% moved to a better disability category, and 51% saw at least a 50% increase in strength. No significant gender differences were observed. Conclusions: Isolated lumbar extension resistance training is effective at improving extension power and disability in subjects with lumbar multifidus dysfunction.

Knowledge towards Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation among Training Doctors and Medical Students at the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech

The aim of our study is to evaluate the knowledge regarding physical medicine and rehabilitation among physicians in training and medical students at the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, to approach the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of doctors regarding physical medicine and rehabilitation and evaluate the knowledge in theoretical training related to PRM among the students. We conducted a monocentric cross-sectional analytical study, using a web-based anonymous survey, carried out among 558 undergraduate student and training doctors, randomly selected in the form of a survey on the knowledge towards Physical Medicine and rehabilitation. We received 558 survey duly completed by students of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech (62.4%) and training doctors (37.6%). The mean age of the participants was 24.53 ± 3.9 years, with extremes ranging from 17 to 39 years. 52.7% of the participants were from the former educational reform, The predominance of participation was remarkable among pediatricians 23%, The population who knew PRM was the majority (79.3%), 40.7% of the participants were unaware of the availability of a PRM department at Mohamed VI University Hospital, 0.5% of all training doctors and medical students questioned strongly agreed with the sufficiency of their training in disability management were belonging to the new reform, 84.1% of participants had never attended or referred a patient to the PRM department. 23.2% of training doctors affirmed the referral of patients to PRM for further management. Despite the essential role of PRM in the management of diseases, it remains little known by training doctors and medical students. This lack of knowledge of PRM reflects the lack of the undergraduate and postgraduate of the medical education in the field of rehabilitation.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Combined with Rehabilitation Training in the Treatment of Muscle Articulation Chronic Pain

Objective: To analyze the effect of combined extracorporeal shock wave and rehabilitation training treatment in patients with muscle articulation chronic pain (MACP). Methods: Ninety-seven MACP patients admitted to our hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were randomly selected and were divided into Group A (control group, 46 cases, rehabilitation training treatment) and Group B (observation group, 51 cases, extracorporeal shock wave with rehabilitation training treatment), and outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: The treatment efficiency, post-treatment clinical indexes (upper and lower limb function scores, activities of daily living (ADL) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores), and short-form 36 (SF-36) scores of Group B were better than those of Group A (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined extracorporeal shock wave and rehabilitation training treatment for MACP patients improved their limb function, daily activities, quality of life, and reduced pain.

Analysis of the Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Acupoints Combined with Rehabilitation Training in The Treatment of Upper Limb Dysfunction After Stroke

Objective:To analyze the effect of combining transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)with rehabilitation training in patients with upper limb dysfunction after stroke(ULDAS).Methods:A total of 130 ULDAS patients who were hospitalized and rehabilitated in Wuxi Xinwu District Rehabilitation Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into Group A(65 cases,rehabilitation training)and Group B(65 cases,rehabilitation training+TEAS).The effects of the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,the upper limb functional indexes of Group B were better than those of Group A(P<0.05).The rate of muscle tone grades 0-4 in Group B was higher than those of Group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:The function of upper limbs and muscle strength of ULDAS patients improved by combining TEAS with rehabilitation training.

Effects of 12 weeks of power-oriented resistance training plus high-intensity interval training on metabolic syndrome factors in older people with COPD

Objectives To assess the effects of an exercise training program combining power-oriented resistance training(RT)and high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on metabolic syndrome(MetS)markers in older people with COPD.Methods Twenty-nine older people(66–90 years old)with COPD were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of exercise training(ET;power-oriented RT+HIIT)or a control group(CON).Waist circumference,diastolic(DBP)and systolic blood pressure(SBP),and serum fasting glucose,triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks.Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the effects of the intervention,and data were reported as mean and 95%confidence interval values.Results Waist circumference increased in the CT group,but not in the ET group(2.0[0.2,3.7]vs.1.0[−1.3,3.2]cm,respectively).No changes in fasting glucose(−4.1[−10.3,2.1]vs.−1.0[−8.7,6.7]mg dL−1),triglycerides(3.9[−13.4,21.3]vs.−13.9[−35.6,7.7]mg dL−1)or HDL cholesterol(1.0[−3.4,5.4]vs.2.9[−2.6,8.4]mg dL−1)were found in the CT or ET group,respectively.The ET group exhibited decreased DBP(−5.2[−9.5,−0.8]mmHg)and SBP(−2.7[−22.7,−2.7]mmHg),while no changes were found in the CT group(0.3[−3.2,3.7]and−3.5[−11.4,4.5]mmHg).MetS z-score declined in ET but remained unchanged in CT(−0.88[−1.74,−0.03]vs.0.07[−0.62,0.76],respectively).Conclusions A 12-week exercise training program led to a reduction in blood pressure and MetS z-score in older people with COPD.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Talent Training Model for Modern Rehabilitation Therapy Technology:A Case Study of School Y

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the modern training model of rehabilitation therapy technology talents.Selecting the third-year students of the rehabilitation therapy technology program in School Y as the research subject,300 questionnaires were collected and the effective response rate was 92%.The strengths and weaknesses of the modern training model were analyzed through a mixed qualitative and quantitative research method.It was found that 68%of the students thought that the modern model had obvious advantages in practical teaching,but 42%of the students thought that it still needed to be improved in personalized teaching.This study provides an empirical basis and specific suggestions for optimizing the cultivation of rehabilitation therapy technology talents.

扶正补土皮内针法联合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征Ⅰ期临床观察

目的研究扶正补土皮内针法联合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中后肩手综合征(SHS)Ⅰ期的影响。方法选取62例卒中后SHSⅠ期患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组31例;对照组实施康复训练,试验组则实施扶正补土皮内针治疗联合康复训练。运用简式Fugl-Meyer评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、手部水肿评分评估两组患者的上肢运动功能、疼痛情况及手部水肿程度,并比较临床疗效。结果治疗后,试验组患者简式Fugl-Meyer评分、VAS评分、水肿评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组治疗总有效率为90.32%(28/31),高于对照组的67.74%(21/31)(P<0.05)。结论扶正补土皮内针法联合康复训练可改善缺血性脑卒中后SHSⅠ期患者的肩部疼痛及水肿程度并促进上肢运动功能的恢复。

形状记忆合金在辅助器具和康复设备中的应用

背景:随着科技的不断进步,新技术和新方法的引入将为形状记忆合金在辅助和康复领域的应用带来更多的可能性和新的突破。目的:通过综述形状记忆合金在辅助器具和康复设备中的应用现状,讨论它们的主要方法、技术和结果,归纳总结并提出建议,希望形状记忆合金能够不断优化,为辅助和康复设备的发展带来更多新的变革。方法:通过计算机检索万方、Pub Med和Web of Science数据库,以“形状记忆合金,应用进展,正畸,矫形,假肢,康复,特性,植入,力学性能,镍钛记忆合金,驱动”为中文检索词,以“Shape memory alloys,Application,Orthodontics,Orthopedic,Prosthetics,Rehabilitation,Properties,Implant,Drive,Progress,Prostheses”为英文检索词,最终纳入91篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)形状记忆合金具有耐腐蚀性、耐磨性、生物相容性、抗疲劳性和抗扭结性等特性,相比其他传统材料(不锈钢、钛合金、钴铬合金等)具有更低的弹性模量且无生物毒性,适合作为假体长期植入体内。由于其具有形状记忆效应和优异的力学性能,遂主要作为驱动元件或作为连接设备和人体的桥梁应用于假肢、矫形器和康复设备中。(2)使用形状记忆合金驱动元件能够减轻设备质量、消除噪声、容易操作、便于携带和更好地辅助关节运动等,比起使用气动、液压和电气驱动方法的设备优势明显。(3)另外形状记忆合金在变形时能够产生恒久、稳定的应力,相比不锈钢、钛合金和铝合金矫形器具有更高的材料回收率且不用频繁更换调整,所以在矫治畸形方面更具实用价值。(4)目前形状记忆合金在矫形器中应用最多,在镫骨假体中的临床应用效果最好。而由于技术及成本等的限制,形状记忆合金在假肢和康复设备中的应用较少,且缺乏对应用效果的大样本研究。(5)虽然形状记忆合金在辅助和康复领域得到了一定的发展,但仍存在许多问题:对形状记忆合金进行精准控制很难;形状记忆合金的冷却速度慢;无法对其变形速度进行控制;缺乏对不同性状形状记忆合金的对比研究和专家共识;形状记忆合金成本高,价格贵。(6)未来应注意开发新型形状记忆合金,增加对比性研究,采用新技术、新方法(如4D打印等)解决目前存在的问题,从而研发出高性能的辅助器具和康复设备。

早期中西医肺康复在脑出血术后有创机械通气患者中的应用研究

目的探讨早期中西医肺康复方案在脑出血术后有创机械通气患者中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取2023年10月至2024年7月德阳市某三级甲等医院神经重症监护室(NCU)的80例脑出血术后行有创机械通气的患者作为研究对象,以2023年10月至2024年2月收治的40例患者为对照组,以2024年3月至7月收治的40例患者为试验组,对照组实施神经重症常规肺康复治疗,试验组在神经重症常规肺康复治疗的基础上实施早期中西医肺康复方案。比较干预前、干预后第3、5、10天两组患者的动脉血氧分压[p(O_(2))]、二氧化碳分压[p(CO_(2))]、氧合指数、肺炎严重指数和APACHEⅡ评分以及患者机械通气时长、成功撤机率和呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率的情况。结果试验组的VAP发生率和有创机械通气时长明显低于对照组(P<0.05),成功撤机率高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预前,动脉p(O_(2))、p(CO_(2))、氧合指数、肺炎严重指数和APACHEⅡ得分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后试验组的p(O_(2))、氧合指数总体高于对照组且呈上升趋势(P<0.01),p(CO_(2))低于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者的p(CO_(2))(F=3.108,P=0.036)、氧合指数(F=5.432,P=0.020)的差异随时间变化而明显增大。干预后试验组肺炎严重指数低于对照组且呈下降趋势(P<0.01),APACHEⅡ评分总体高于对照组且呈下降趋势(P<0.05);两组患者的APACHEⅡ评分(F=15.276,P<0.01)的差异随时间变化而明显增大。结论早期中西医肺康复方案有利于降低脑出血术后有创机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率和有创机械通气时长,提高成功撤机率,改善预后。

脑灰质异位症研究进展

脑灰质异位症可由遗传、辐射、药物等多种因素导致,其特征为正常神经元异常聚集于脑皮质以外的部位。依据异位灰质的形态及部位,可将脑灰质异位症分为脑室周围灰质异位、皮质下带状灰质异位和皮质下灰质异位。脑灰质异位症的临床表现包括癫痫、智力缺陷、认知及语言障碍等。磁共振成像为诊断脑灰质异位症的首选检查手段。目前,脑灰质异位症相关性癫痫的治疗多为药物治疗与手术治疗。近年来,立体脑电图引导的射频热凝越来越受到重视,针对认知、运动、语言的康复训练亦有利于改善患者的生活质量。