A Simple Mechanism for Generating a Geomagnetic Field

On the basis of the ideal gas model, the polarization of charges in the mantle was obtained, a physical and mathematical model was constructed, and estimated calculations of the dipole mode of the Earth’s magnetic field were performed, taking into account the speed of its angular rotation, the parameters of density and temperature, the chemical composition, the ionization potential, the dielectric constant and the percentage of the main chemical compounds of the mantle substance.

Earth’s Magnetic Field—The Key to Global Warming

It is commonly known that the climate debate suffers due to a lack of knowledge about the cause and effect relationship between a number of climatic temperature variations that have occurred in history without being able to blame human emission of greenhouse gas in any way. Only when we are willing to give up the idea that there is a geodynamo deep inside of the Earth being responsible for the Earth’s magnetic field and when we get back to the idea that the origin of the magnetic field is simply ferromagnetic, will it be possible to establish two different cause and effect connections that are suitable to explain why there is an acknowledged coincidence between climatic temperature variations and an intensive, proportional variation in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field. Such insight may easily prove to be decisive at a time when many people can no longer differentiate between politics, mass hysteria, presumptions and actual knowledge. When there are requirements that a solution to climatic temperature variations must contain the solution to the coincidence mentioned, two possible scenarios exist. The one possibility (although not very likely) that is suitable to solve the mysterious coincidence is that mainly the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean is heated from within (from the interior of the Earth) and that variations in the Earth’s emission of heat cause primarily all of Europe to have witnessed warm winters for decades. The one possible cause and effect connection may (in theory) be that inner heat in the Earth’s crust can loosen frozen, ferromagnetic structures, thereby drive the Earth’s ferromagnetic, magnetic field to restructure and be reorganised from periodically being a chaotic, magnetic field to periodically being a well-structured, ferromagnetic field. The connection between magnetism and thermal impact is already commonly known. The other and somewhat more likely cause and effect connection is building on Henrik Svensmark’s (and teams) theory that says that variations in the cosmic radiation reaching the Earth depend on the strength of the Sun’s magnetic field and that this radiation contributes to creating aerosols, thereby variations in the cloud formation. Solar storms contribute to temporarily strengthening the Earth’s magnetic field. The question is whether these contributions could also periodically have a long-term effect on the Earth’s magnetic field. In that case, this may explain the reason for the above-mentioned coincidence.

Secular Effect of Geomagnetic Field and Gravitational Waves on Earth’s Satellite Orbits

In this work we study the perturbation and the change in the orbital elements due to the earth’s magnetic field and the gravitational waves. The acceleration components are derived in the radial, transverse to it and normal to the orbital plane. The equation for the rates of variation of the elements is formed and solved to find the secular variation in the element for polar and equatorial satellites.

Dependence of Gravity Induced Absorption Changes on the Earth’s Magnetic Field as Measured during Parabolic Flight Campaigns

Various spectroscopic experiments performed on the AIRBUS ZERO G—located in Bordeaux, France—in the years 2002 to 2012 exhibit minute optical reflection/absorption changes (GIACs) as a result of gravitational changes between 0 and 1.8 g in various biological species such as maize, oats, Arabidopsis and particularly Phycomyces sporangiophores. During a flight day, the AIRBUS ZERO G conducts 31 parabolas, each of which lasts about three minutes including a period of 22 s of weightlessness. So far, we participated in 11 parabolic flight campaigns including more than 1000 parabolas performing various kinds of experiments. During our campaigns, we observed an unexplainable variability of the measuring signals (GIACs). Using GPS-positioning systems and three dimensional magnetic field sensors, these finally were traced back to the changing earth’s magnetic field associated with the various flight directions. This is the first time that the interaction of gravity and the Earth’ magnetic field in the primary induction process in living system has been observed.

Magnetic Structure of the Earth’s Crust in the White Sea Region

The geological structure of the White Sea area and the surrounding land areas has been well studied in the framework of individual case studies. There are a number of local models of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust available. We propose a uniform assessment of deep crustal bodies responsible for long-period (regional) magnetic anomalies and consider their correlation with surface structures. The aim of the study is to build a three-dimensional magnetic model of the Earth’s crust in the White Sea region using aeromagnetic data and modeling technologies of the Integro software package. The model is formed on the basis of a digital map of the anomalous magnetic field reduced to the pole. The sources of magnetic anomalies are considered to be located in the Earth’s crust. The 3D distribution of the relative magnetic susceptibility of rocks was obtained by solving the inverse problem of the magnetic survey. To separate the magnetic sources by frequency and depth, it was necessary to continue the magnetic field of the model upward and to calculate the TDR derivatives, which determine the lateral boundaries of the sources of positive magnetic field anomalies. 2D distributions of magnetic sources of the model for vertical and horizontal sections with depths of 10, 15 and 20 km are analyzed. The correlation between the surface and deep structures of magnetic sources of the Earth’s crust in the region is shown.

Mechanisms of Avian Magnetic Orientation

Among the most fascinating mysteries of life is the interaction between biological systems and the earth＇s magnetic field. Although earth＇s magnetism may have an under appreciated role in biological interpretations, it has been most extensively studied in the processes of avian orientation and migration. Many species of bird are known to have behavioral responses to the earth＇s and artificial magnetic fields. These responses may be mediated by a number of potential magneto-biochemical processes. The two most commonly investigated include a magnetosensitive magnetite rich region in the upper beak area and a photo/magnetoreception process in the eyes of various bird species. In addition to external magnetic stimuli, recent findings in visually restricted birds have described a hemispherically lateralized interpretation of this information within the brain. Even with these findings, a considerable amount of work is needed to clarify what information is processed and how it is used to create the bird＇s magnetic compass. This review focuses these recently published findings as a means to assess this intriguing phenomenon.

Dramatic variations in the Earth's main magnetic field during the 20th century

Analysis of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 1900-2000 showsthat the Earth’s main magnetic field has changed dramatically during the 20th century: its dipole moment has decreased by 6.5% since 1900, the strengths of its quadrupole and octupole have increased by 95% and 74%, respectively, four major planetary-scale magnetic anomalies on the Earth’s surface have enhanced by 21%-56%, and the magnetic center has shifted 200 km towards the Pacific Ocean. These time-variation features are similar to the behavior before a geomagnetic polarity reversal.

Low-latitude hydroclimate changes related to paleomagnetic variations during the Holocene in coastal southern China

The variations in precipitation have displayed a complex pattern in different regions since the mid-to-late-Holocene.Cloud formation processes may have a significant impact on precipitation,especially during the tropical marine processes and summer monsoon which convey abundant water vapor to coastal southern China and inland areas.Here,we use two 7500 year sedimentary records from the Pearl River Delta and the closed Maar Lake,respectively,in coastal southern China to reconstruct the mid-to-late-Holocene humidity variability and explore its possible relationship with cloud cover modulated by the Earth’s magnetic fields(EMF).Our proxy records document an apparent increase in wetness in coastal southern China between 3.0 and 1.8 kyr BP.This apparent increase in humidity appears to be consistent with the lower virtual axial dipole moments and,in turn,with a lower EMF.This correlation suggests that the EMF might have been superimposed on the weakened monsoon to regulate the mid-to-late-Holocene hydroclimate in coastal southern China through the medium of galactic cosmic rays,aerosols,and cloud cover.However,further investigations are needed to verify this interaction.

Design and analysis of the Macao Science Satellite-1's laser retro-reflector array

The origin and spatial-temporal variation of the Earth’s magnetic field(EMF)is one of the important scientific problems that has long been unsolved.The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)under construction is China’s first high-precision EMF measurement satellite.To satisfy the highly precise requirements of the MSS-1 orbit measurement,a light,high-precision,four-prism laser retroreflector array was designed.It weighs approximately 285 g,its effective reflection area is greater than 1.77 cm^(2),and its size is 100×100×41 mm.The laser retro-reflector array has excellent performance,and it can achieve a ranging precision at the subcentimeter level for satellite laser ranging.It will be developed and installed on the MSS-1 as a power-free load for high-precision orbit measurement and accurate orbit calibration.The MSS-1 is planned to be brought into the International Laser Ranging Service observations.More than 31satellite laser ranging stations in the International Laser Ranging Service around the world will be able to measure the MSS-1 with long arcs,which will support the scientific mission of high-precision EMF exploration.

Numerical simulation of the sensor output on Macao Science Satellite-1

Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)will be launched at the early of 2023 into a near-circular orbit.The mission is designed to measure the Earth’s geomagnetic field with unpreceded accuracy through a new perspective.The most important component installed on the satellite,to ensure high accuracy,is the deployable boom(Optical Bench).A Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM),an Advanced Stellar Compass(ASC),and a Couple Dark State Magnetometers(CDSM)are deployed on the deployable boom.In order to maximize the mission’s scientific output,a numerical simulator on MSS-1’s deployable boom was required to evaluate the adaptability of all devices on the deployable boom and assist the satellite’s data pre-processing.This paper first briefly describes the synthesis of the Earth’s total magnetic field and then describes the method simulating the output of scalar and vector magnetometers.Finally,the calibration method is applied to the synthetic magnetometer data to analyze the possible noise/error of the relevant instruments.Our results show that the simulator can imitate the disturbance of different noise sources or errors in the measuring system,and is especially useful for the satellite’s data processing group.

GPS and the Search for Axions

GPS, an excellent tool for geodesy, may serve also particle physics. In the presence of Earth’s magnetic field, a GPS photon may be transformed into an axion. The proposed experimental setup involves the transmission of a GPS signal from a satellite to another satellite, both in low orbit around the Earth. To increase the accuracy of the experiment, we evaluate the influence of Earth’s gravitational field on the whole quantum phenomenon. There is a significant advantage in our proposal. While the geomagnetic field B is low, the magnetized length L is very large, resulting into a scale (BL)2 orders of magnitude higher than existing or proposed reaches. The transformation of the GPS photons into axion particles will result in a dimming of the photons and even to a “light shining through the Earth” phenomenon.

An Axion Interpretation of the ANITA Events

We suggest that the unusual events observed by the ANITA experiment originate from axion particles traversing the Earth. Under the influence of the geomagnetic field, the axion may oscillate into a photon and vice-versa. To amplify the axion transition into photon, we consider that the phenomenon takes place at resonance, where the effective photon mass is equal to the axion mass. This requirement fixes the axion mass at 44 eV. An axion at this mass scale reproduces the cold dark matter scenario. If our interpretation prevails, with the help of axions we can establish an axion tomography of the Earth.

金属体在海水中运动产生的感应电场建模

分析了金属体在海水中运动产生感应电场的机理。采用镜像法推导了水下垂直和水平直流电流元在海水中的电场表达式,进一步导出了海水中运动金属体切割地磁场而在海水中产生的感应电场数学模型,并计算分析了运动金属体的感应电场大小及空间分布。仿真计算结果表明,20m长的金属椭球体,以4m/s的航速在水下10m航行时,在水下30m左右感应电场的量级为nV/m,并且该电场在空间分布上有明显的特征。

我国地磁观测研究的发展

简述半个世纪以来我国地磁观测研究的发展概况，内容包括我国地磁台站建设、地球主磁场测量与研究、变化磁场的时空特征及形成机制、地磁变化与地震、气候变化等自然现象的关系以及宇宙磁学．

基于磁阻传感器的炮口速度测量技术研究

本文采用一种基于磁阻传感器对炮口速度测量的方法。在分析磁阻效应的基础上,采用磁阻传感器进行炮口速度测量的方法,设计了相应的信号调理电路及数据存储测试系统;对测量得到的电压信号波形进行整形处理,计数后就可准确获得炮弹的转数;根据炮弹转速和轴向速度的关系就可以准确得到炮弹的轴向速度,从而为一维弹道修正引信的设计提供准确的炮口速度。

中国地磁学研究的进展

本文简要回顾了４０多年来我国地磁科学的发展概况，内容包括地磁测量、地磁图编绘、地磁场模型，主磁场和长期变化，地磁场起源，变化磁场的时空特征及形成机制，磁暴理论和磁暴预报，地磁变化与地震、气候变化等自然现象的关系．

地球磁场对带电人造卫星轨道根数的摄动影响

研究了地球磁场对带电的非赤道卫星的轨道根数的摄动影响。理论结果表明 ,地球磁场对带电卫星的轨道半长轴没有摄动影响 ,既无周期摄动 ,也无长期摄动 ,但对轨道偏心率、轨道倾角、升交点赤经、近地点经度和历元平近点角均有周期摄动 ,且对升交点和近地点经度还有长期摄动效应。通过算例表明 ,当卫星带有大量电荷时 。

地球主磁场电磁转矩导致的地球差异旋转

为探索驱动地球系统差异旋转的力源,选择整个地球作为研究对象,应用经典电磁学理论,分析地球固体介质中的电荷在地球主磁场中的运动特点,发现存在一个与地球自转方向相反的切向洛伦兹力.通过电荷与介质间的相互作用,切向洛伦兹力传递至介质迫使介质西漂.为探索地球差异旋转的规律,建立了地球薄圆筒圈层模型.应用经典物理学理论和方法推导出了地球主磁场电磁转矩及其产生的角加速度公式.研究得到四点主要结论:1)作用于半径不同的地球薄圆筒圈层的地球主磁场电磁转矩及其产生的角加速度绝对值不同:地轴及赤道附近圈层的小,其自转相对较快;半径等于3～(1/2)倍地球半径的薄圆筒圈层及其相邻圈层的大,其自转相对较慢.2)同一薄圆筒圈层中的差异旋转缘于介质的介电常数、阻力系数及质量密度的差异.3)地球差异旋转缘于地球的自转、正负电荷的非对等分布及介质的介电常数、阻力系数、质量密度的差异.4)地球差异旋转导致地壳运动,孕育地震,地球主磁场是地球差异旋转和地震孕育的敏感因子.

太阳粒子辐射与地球自转非潮汐加速度

太阳粒子 (含太阳风粒子和扰动粒子 )为地球磁场俘获 ,由磁尾→磁层→电离层 ,在高空形成复杂电流系统 (发电机原理 ) ,引发电磁效应 :产生地球叠加磁场 ;电流与地球磁体力的效应。其中重要的是 :持续不断的太阳风粒子引发的一区场向电流 ,使地球磁转子产生顺向 (自转方向 )的加速度 (电动机原理 )。以弥补潮汐摩擦减速和各种内能消耗。同时 ,高能太阳粒子“核簇射”次级粒子与高层大气核反应产物 ,参与和促使地球大气圈、水圈。

地球介质中三维电磁散射的研究

利用地面圆形电流模型 ,从Maxwell方程出发 ,导出空气半空间、地球半空间和地表的含零阶、一阶Bessel函数电磁场分量积分方程。同传统的方法比较 ,得到的方程更易于离散化。